SLIDE 1
The Growth of Labor Unions
1820-1912
EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR SLEEP, EIGHT HOURS FOR WHAT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR SLEEP, EIGHT HOURS FOR WHAT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR SLEEP, EIGHT HOURS FOR WHAT WE WILL The Growth of Labor Unions 1820-1912 Labor Force Distribution Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 1870-1900 The Changing American The Changing American Labor Force
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
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The Changing American Labor Force The Changing American Labor Force
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Child Labor Child Labor
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Child Labor Child Labor
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Labor Unrest: 1870-1900 Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
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THE COST OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Economic Depression Poor Working Conditions Monopolies Inequity of Wealth Poverty Growth of Slums, Crime Political Corruption Disappearing Frontier
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Correct the evils of industrialization
- Improve working conditions
- Set working hours/wages
LABOR UNIONS
SLIDE 10
Methods that labor unions used in effort to help their workers:
- Collective bargaining- organized negotiations
between Labor and Management.
- Boycotts- refusal to buy/use certain products or
services.
- Strikes- all workers refuse to work, picket
- Riots- violent uprisings
- Mediation
- Arbitration
LABOR UNIONS
SLIDE 11
Knights of Labor Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!
- Formed in
1869
- Skilled and
unskilled workers
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Goals of the Knights of Labor Goals of the Knights of Labor
ù Eight-hour workday. ù Workers’ cooperatives. ù Worker-owned factories. ù Abolition of child and prison labor. ù Increased circulation of greenbacks. ù Equal pay for men and women. ù Safety codes in the workplace. ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor. ù Abolition of the National Bank.
SLIDE 13
The American Federation
- f Labor: 1886
The American Federation
- f Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers
- Made up of many
different craft unions.
- Fought for
immediate effects (better wages, shorter hours, etc.)
- Did not welcome
immigrants, women, or Af. Am.
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How the AF of L Would Help the Workers How the AF of L Would Help the Workers
ù Catered to the skilled worker. ù Represented workers in matters of national legislation. ù Maintained a national strike fund. ù Evangelized the cause of unionism. ù Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. ù Mediated disputes between management and labor. ù Pushed for closed shops.
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INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD
The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union
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Welcomed all workers Socialist in nature Overthrow the wage system Advocated the use of sabotage! (strikes, work stoppage) Led by “Big Bill” Haywood Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD
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Labor Union Membership Labor Union Membership
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Haymarket Riot 1886 Goal: eight hour day Knights of Labor blamed (peaceful- >bomb) 11 people killed Great Railway Strike 1877 (45 days) Federal troops ended the strike Goal: end pay cuts
FAMOUS/INFAMOUS LABOR CONFLICTS
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Homestead Strike 1892 (Carnegie Steel) Goal: stop wage cuts The final result was a major defeat for the union and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers. Pullman Strike 1894 Goal: lower rent for laid
- ff RR workers
Federal troops ended the strike Supreme court case:
- In re Debs, 1895
- President of the Railway
Union refused to end strike
FAMOUS/INFAMOUS LABOR CONFLICTS
SLIDE 20
Lawrence Textile Strike 1912 IWW led Reduction of hours, reduction in pay…. Workers won most of their demands.