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Dynamics of meteorological and atmospheric electrical parameters of surface atmosphere during the passage of deep convective clouds in the summer in Northern Khakassia

Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems Siberian Branch of the Russian (IMCES SB RAS)

K.N. Pustovalov, V.A. Korolkov, S.A. Kurakov, P.M. Nagorskiy

«ENVIROMIS 2016» Tomsk 2016

Introduction

Purpose: study of variability and search for relationships

• f

meteorological and atmospheric electrical parameters during the passage of deep convective clouds of different genesis in the summer in Nord Khakassia.

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• 1. Ahrens C.D. Essentials of Meteorology. An Invitation to the Atmosphere. 6-th Edition. – Cengage Learning, 2012. – 528 p.
• 2. Maddox R.A. Mesoscale Convective Complexes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1980. – V. 61. – P. 1374-1387.
• 3. Hobbs P.M. Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on the mesoscale and microscale in cyclonic storms // Rev. Geophys. and

Space Phys., 1978. – V.16 (4). – P. 741–755.

• 4. Shmeter S.M. Characteristics of embedded convection in frontal clouds and conditions for its formation // Russian Meteorology and Hydrology,
• 1990. № 11. – P. 36-44.

Main formation causes of Cb[1] Deep convective systems in Mid-latitudes[2] Mesoscale Cb bands[3, 4]

1a,1b – in warm front, 2 – in warm sector, 3a,3b – in cold front, 4a,4b – in occlusion front, 5 – behind cold front

About expedition

The expedition was conducted from 7 to 27 July 2015 year in Shira district of Khakassia Republic at the north-eastern coast of Lake Itkul on the territory of The Khakassky State Nature Reserve.

Physical-geographical map of Khakassia Republic Location of the monitoring point

Used data

Measured during the expedition:

• meteorological parameters («АМК-03», «APIK»; IMCES SB RAS);
• gradient of electric field potential («CS110»; Campbell Scientific);
• air ion concentration («Sapphire-3M»; KNRTU-KAI).

Obtained from open sources:

• clouds and atmospheric phenomena at Shira weather station [1];
• weather maps[2];
• MODIS data (Aqua, Terra)[3];
• nephanalysis maps[4].

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1.Расписание погоды. rp5.ru. Погода в Томске. Архив погоды на метеостанции [Электронный ресурс] − URL: http://rp5.ru/Архив_погоды_в_Томске (дата обращения: 12.03.2016). 2.ФГБУ Западно-Сибирское УГМС. Гидрометеорологическая информация. Карты погоды [Электронный ресурс] – URL: http://www.meteo-nso.ru/pages/6 (дата обращения: 17.03.2016). 3.LAADS Web. Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System. Data [Электронный ресурс] – URL: http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/ (дата обращения: 14.03.2016). 4.Сибирский центр «НИЦ «ПЛАНЕТА». Оперативная продукция. Метеорологическая информация. [Электронный ресурс] – URL: http://www.rcpod.ru/cgi-bin/ifris2.pl?SNIM=karnef&LINK=/Prod/Meteo/Karnef

Measuring complex

Measuring complex: a – ultrasonic weather station «АМК-03», b – atmospheric-soil measuring complex «APIK», c – electric field meter «CS110» and air ion concentration meter «Sapphire-3M»

Investigated events

Changes of potential gradient of electric fields (Ñj Ñj) and meteorological characteristics during 24 cases of cumulonimbus clouds (Cb) different genesis and configuration were analyzed. Among them: § air mass isolated Cb – 15; § air-mass Cb cluster – 1; § frontal Cb bands – 8:

• cold front – 7;
• warm front – 1;

Scattered air-mass Cb (12.07.2015) Synoptic situation L

Visible composite (RGB 1:4:3) at 12:50 LT 12.07.2015 (Aqua MODIS) Cloud optical thickness at 12:50 LT 12.07.2015 (Aqua MODIS)

Scattered air-mass Cb (12.07.2015) Cloud cover

Variations of gradient of the electric field potential (Ñj), atmospheric pressure (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (f), horizontal wind velocity (V), vertical wind velocity (W), total incoming solar radiation (Q) and precipitation intensity (I) 12 July 2015 year

Sky condition at beginning (a) and end (b) of analyzed event (12 July 2015 year)

a b

1 2 3

Scattered air-mass Cb (12.07.2015) Analysis of monitoring data

Air-mass Cb cluster (11.07.2015) Synoptic situation L L H H

Visible composite (RGB 1:4:3) at 13:45 LT 11.07.2015 (Terra MODIS) Cloud optical thickness at 13:45 LT 11.07.2015 (Aqua MODIS)

Air-mass Cb cluster (11.07.2015) Cloud cover

Sky condition at beginning (a) and end (b) of analyzed event (11 July 2015 year)

a b

Air-mass Cb cluster (11.07.2015) Analysis of monitoring data

Variations of gradient of the electric field potential (Ñj), atmospheric pressure (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (f), horizontal wind velocity (V), vertical wind velocity (W), total incoming solar radiation (Q) and precipitation intensity (I) 11 July 2015 year

Fast-moving cold front (15.07.2015) Synoptic situation

Visible composite (RGB 1:4:3) at 13:10 LT 15.07.2015 (Terra MODIS) Cloud optical thickness at 13:10 LT 15.07.2015 (Terra MODIS)

Fast-moving cold front (15.07.2015) Cloud cover

Sky condition at beginning (a) and end (b) of analyzed event (15 July 2015 year)

а б

Fast-moving cold front (15.07.2015) Analysis of monitoring data

Variations of gradient of the electric field potential (Ñj), atmospheric pressure (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (f), horizontal wind velocity (V), vertical wind velocity (W), total incoming solar radiation (Q) and precipitation intensity (I) 15 July 2015 year

Slow-moving cold front (8-9.07.2015) Synoptic situation

Fast-moving cold front

L H

Visible composite (RGB 1:4:3) at 13:05 LT 8.07.2015 (Terra MODIS) Cloud optical thickness at 14:50 LT 8.07.2015 (Aqua MODIS)

Slow-moving cold front (8-9.07.2015) Cloud cover

2 1

a b

Sky condition at beginning (a) and during (b) of analyzed event (8 July 2015 year)

Slow-moving cold front (8-9.07.2015), first line of Cb Analysis of monitoring data

Variations of gradient of the electric field potential (Ñj), atmospheric pressure (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (f), horizontal wind velocity (V), vertical wind velocity (W), total incoming solar radiation (Q) and precipitation intensity (I) 8 July 2015 year

Slow-moving cold front (8-9.07.2015), embedded Cb Analysis of monitoring data

Variations of gradient of the electric field potential (Ñj), atmospheric pressure (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (f), horizontal wind velocity (V), vertical wind velocity (W), total incoming solar radiation (Q) and precipitation intensity (I) 8-9 July 2015 year

Data analysis results

• During passage of individual cumulonimbus (Cb) observed 1-3 disturbance of the electric

field, and with a close passage of few clouds is marked superposition of their electric fields.

• With cumulonimbus clouds in the development stage are associated high positive values of

Ñj, with Cb in the dissipation stage – high negative Ñj, and with Cb in the mature stage – the transition from positive value to negative or conversely.

• Extreme values Ñj differ greatly during cumulonimbus cloud of different genesis and

configuration, reaching maximum values during Cb of the first band of cold fronts and the minimum values during isolated air mass Cb.

• During cumulonimbus clouds marked heavy decrease of temperature and increase of

relative humidity due to a decrease of incoming solar radiation, and cooling of air by downdraft from the cloud and evaporation of precipitation.

• The passage of Cb causes the "saddle-view" dynamic form of the horizontal and vertical

components of the wind speed associated with spreading along the surface downdraft from the cloud and characterized by two peaks speeds (gust fronts).

• There is none clear compliance of moments of precipitation with maximum values Ñj that

connected with the drift of precipitation drops by wind flows.

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Thanks for attention