Upper Air Observations b J by Japan Meteorological Agency M t l - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Upper Air Observations b J by Japan Meteorological Agency M t l i l A Kenji Akaeda Japan Meteorological Agency JMA JMA s mascot HARERUN HARERUN Weather Observations by Japan Meteorological Agency Satellite
JMA’ “HARERUN” JMA’s mascot “HARERUN”
Satellite Observation R d Ob ti S f Ob i
Satellite Observation Radar Observation Surface Observation Soundings Wind Profiler Observation AWS Network AMeDAS Soundings
Observations Department Observations Department Japan Meteorological Agency Japan Meteorological Agency
ion
Observations to clarify various processes over a
wide range of space and time scales.
Upper‐air
U
Surface
Remote Sensing
AMeDAS
Manned Observatories
g
Direct Measurement
○:Sounding site(850) ○:Sounding site(850)
WMO Raidosonde catalog(Jan.2007)
31 Wind Profilers 31 Wind Profilers
31 Wind Profilers Wind Profiler Control Center 16 Radiosonde stations 31 Wind Profilers Wind Profiler Control Center 16 Radiosonde stations
R i
W a k k a n a i
Obihiro Rumoi Muroran
N e m u r
a p p
k i t a
Miyako Takamatu Sakata Takada Kumagaya Mito Fukui Hamada
A k i t a Y
a g
Katuura Kawaguchiko Oita Mito Hirado Izuhara
Control Center (JMA Headquarters) T a t e n
a j i m a Y
a g
h i
u k u
a
Miham a Tottori
Nagoya Shizuoka Owase Kumamoto b k Yakushima Shimizu Kouchi Hachijojima
m i s a k i K a g
h i m a
Ichiki Nobeoka Naze Minamidaitojim a
I s h i g a k i j i m a C h i c h i j i m a
Wind Profiler in JMA 5 Yonagunijima
I s h i g a k i j i m a M i n a m i t
i s h i m a
Sounding preparation ・ Ground Check
Sounding preparation Flow of sounding that uses ABL
・ Loading the Radiosonde and Balloon onto a tray The sounding program starts at the specified time
Selecting tray ↓
S t a r t t h e A B L ・ S e l e c t t r a y ・ A c t i v a t i n g R a d i
d e
g y ↓
A c t i v a t i n g R a d i
d e ・ R a d i
d e s i g n a l c h e c k Balloon filling
Balloon filling ↓
g Balloon release (Sounding start)
Balloon release ↓ ↓
Video (calm)
Sounding TEMP Message coding/sent
↓ ↓
Video (Strong Wind)
Sounding
Sounding stop
↓
T‐Sensor T‐Sensor U S U‐Sensor U‐Sensor GPS‐Receiver GPS‐ Receiver Antenna Signal P‐Sensor converter Si l t Lithium cell Alkaline cell Signal converter Telemetry antenna Telemetry antenna RS‐06G GPSsonde (Meisei) RS92 SGP GPSsonde (Vaisala) RS 06G GPSsonde (Meisei) 89×85×215mm 160g RS92‐SGP GPSsonde (Vaisala) 75×80×220mm 290g
ABL sites
SHIONOMISAKI
HACHIJYOUJIMA
MATSUE NAZE
ABL sites
WAJIMA KUSHIRO
MINAMIDAITO JIMA HACHIJYOUJIMA
NAZE
Ishigakijima
To JMA HQ ・ Sounding data ・ Status data
CONTROL CENTER At CONTROLCENTER
To Sites ・ Control command
CONTROL CENTER （JMA HQ） ・ Quality control of data ・ Remote-controlling of ABL.
DATA
For numerical weather prediction models Global
DATA
Forecast Made for each models Telecommunication System
MBL sites
Manned launched site
DATA
Made for each models For weather watches
WAKKNAI SAPPORO AKITA TATENO FUKUOKA
KAGOSHIMA CHICHIJIMA
MINAMI TORISIMA
Data Strage WEB Contents
Radome
Module Unit Antenna System Clutter Fence
Radome type (47147 Obihiro, Hokkaido) Standard type (47848 Ichiki, Kagoshima) ( , ) ( , g )
40 N 30 N Wind Profiler in JMA 9 140 E 130 E
Wind vector (u v w)
N Z E W S
Wind vector (u, v, w)
Doppler velocity by N‐beam VN Doppler velocity by N‐beam VN
W E
V V u sin 2
Doppler velocity by ti l b
V
Doppler velocity by ti l b
V
Z S N
V w V V v sin 2
HEIGHT
θ
vertical beam VZ vertical beam VZ Doppler velocity by W‐beam VW Doppler velocity by W‐beam VW Doppler velocity by E‐beam VE Doppler velocity by E‐beam VE Doppler velocity by S‐beam VS Doppler velocity by S‐beam VS
Wi d di ti d i d d
TIME
V ti l fil f i d B itt d Wind direction and wind speed are calculated from five Doppler velocities. Vertical profiles of wind direction and wind speed from near the surface to nearl 5 km le els are Beams are emitted toward five directions.
Wind Profiler in JMA 10
nearly 5 km levels are
Correlation of u‐ and v‐ component measurements for the wind profiler and the rawinsonde both located at Hachijyojima in
y = . 9 6 2 7 x + . 4 8 4 R
2
= . 9 7 2 4 8
rawinsonde, both located at Hachijyojima in 2008.
4
U
R
( m / s )
3
m / s ]
u-component:
4 8
U
P
( m / s )
y = . 9 7 5 7 x + . 7 1 2 8
V
P
－V
S
[ m
g
v-component:
R
2
= . 9 3 4 4
m / s )
3
V
R
( m
3 3
U
P
－U
S
[ m / s ]
Differences between wind profiler and rawinsonde wind component measurements
Wind Profiler in JMA 11
4 8
V
P
( m / s )
a so de d co po e easu e e s (N=7514).
Upper ind
Atmospheric echo Ground echo
signal strength
Upper wind
Atmospheric echo
Doppler velocity Received
R d h Main
Atmospheric echo
strength
Remove ground echo Main lobe
Received signal
Side lobes Ground echo
Doppler velocity R
Side lobes Antenna
Clutter fence to prevent ground echo
Wind Profiler in JMA 12
Antenna Eliminating spectral component around zero- velocity in the Doppler velocity spectrum.
Fukui (47616)
)
19 NOV 2002
Height (km wind
Time (JST) Wind Profiler in JMA 13 Time (JST)
All weather Non-Precipitation Precipitation
Annual average: 5225m(All), 5181m(No precipitation), 7281m(Precipitation)
8000 9000
All weather Non Precipitation Precipitation
5000 6000 7000
m-AGL)
2000 3000 4000
Height (m
1000 2000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2008
Wind Profiler in JMA 14
06JST 8 OCT 2009
FL170 FL170
06JST 8 OCT 2009 Typhoon 0918
FL010 FL010
Wind Profiler in JMA 15
Stream lines Winds and vertical wind shear FL010
Katuura (47674) 24 NOV 2008
Vertical wind
H H
Katuura (47674) 24 NOV 2008
H H L
Surface (21LST 24 NOV 2008)
Time (JST)
Katuura (47674) 24 NOV 2008
S/N ratio Helicity
Katuura (47674) 24 NOV 2008
Wind Profiler in JMA 16
Time (JST) Time (JST)
WINDAS Radiosond e Doppler radar Weather condition All weather All weather Rainy (snowy) Weather condition All-weather All-weather Rainy (snowy) weather Accuracy (m/s) <2 <2 <2 Accuracy (m/s) 2 2 2 Maximum height (km) 3～9
(depends on
30 ～35 15
(depends on weather conditions) weather conditions)
Vertical resolution (km) 0.3 0.3 1 ～2 Horizontal spacing (km) 120 190 1 Horizontal spacing (km) 120 190 1 Time between
0.17 6 or 12 0.17 ( ) Delay in delivery to user (h) 0.3～1.3 1 ～2 0.3 ～0.5
Wind Profiler in JMA 17