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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era 1/14 Beno t Carry, Gaia GREAT, 46 May 2011 Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era 1/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Composition

based on DeMeo et al. 2009

2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 3

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Composition

based on DeMeo et al. 2009

2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 4

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Composition

based on DeMeo et al. 2009

2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 5

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Composition

based on DeMeo et al. 2009

2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 6

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Composition

based on DeMeo et al. 2009

2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 7

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Structure

adapted from Britt et al. 2006

3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 8

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Structure

adapted from Britt et al. 2006

3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 9

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Structure

adapted from Britt et al. 2006

3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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SLIDE 10

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Density & Troubles

ρ = M

V

4/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass measurements

ρ = M

V

5/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass & Taxonomy

based on DeMeo et al. 2009 & Baer et al. 2011

6/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass & Taxonomy

based on DeMeo et al. 2009 & Baer et al. 2011

6/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass & Uncertainty

7/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass & Gaia

8/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Mass & Gaia

  • Breakthrough in mass estimates
  • Deflection & Binary
  • About 200-300 masses
  • Coherent set
  • Span taxonomy

8/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume estimates

ρ = M

V

9/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume & Troubles ρ = M V

  • 100-300 masses
  • 2228 diameters IRAS
  • 10 000 diameters Spitzer
  • 100 000 diameters WISE
  • 10 000 diameters Gaia

10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume & Troubles ρ = M V

  • 100-300 masses
  • 2228 diameters IRAS
  • 10 000 diameters Spitzer
  • 100 000 diameters WISE
  • 10 000 diameters Gaia

dρ ρ = dM M + dV V = dM M + 3dR R

10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume & Troubles ρ = M V

  • 100-300 masses
  • 2228 diameters IRAS
  • 10 000 diameters Spitzer
  • 100 000 diameters WISE
  • 10 000 diameters Gaia

dρ ρ = dM M + dV V = dM M + 3dR R Size is the Limiting Factor

10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Accurate Volumes

  • 1. Direct measurements
  • WYSIWYG = model-dependant

◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations

  • 2. Realistic 3-D shapes
  • Assumptions ⇒ bias
  • Concavity ⇔ Volume

◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse)

  • 3. Completeness of geometries
  • Extensive approach

◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry ◮ Radar echo

Tanga & Delb`

  • 2007

Carry et al. 2008 ˇ Durech et al. 2011

11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Accurate Volumes

  • 1. Direct measurements
  • WYSIWYG = model-dependant

◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations

  • 2. Realistic 3-D shapes
  • Assumptions ⇒ bias
  • Concavity ⇔ Volume

◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse)

  • 3. Completeness of geometries
  • Extensive approach

◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry ◮ Radar echo

Kaasalainen & ˇ Durech Hanuˇ s et al. 2011

⇒ Cellino, Hanuˇ s, Carbognani 11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Accurate Volumes

  • 1. Direct measurements
  • WYSIWYG = model-dependant

◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations

  • 2. Realistic 3-D shapes
  • Assumptions ⇒ bias
  • Concavity ⇔ Volume

◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse)

  • 3. Completeness of geometries
  • Extensive approach

◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry ◮ Radar echo

Tanga et al. 2003 Busch et al. 2009 Delb`

  • et al. 2009

11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume with KOALA

12/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Volume with KOALA

Pre-Flyby model KOALA

Carry et al. 2010

  • vs. Rosetta

Shape: 2 km

Carry et al. 2011

Accuracy Volume: 15%

12/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

KOALA Development

  • KOALA 1.0: Kaasalainen, ˇ

Durech & Carry

◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse) ◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations ◮ Code being cleaned for release

  • KOALA 1.x: Current development

◮ Interferometry (optical): FGS on HST, JWST ◮ Thermal radiometry: IRAS, Spitzer, WISE ◮ Kaasalainen, ˇ

Durech, Delb`

  • , Carry
  • KOALA 2.0: Planned development

◮ Interferometry (thermal): VLTI, LBT ◮ Radar: Arecibo, LOFAR+EISCAT3d 13/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Gaia’s Contribution

ρ = M

V

14/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

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Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era

Gaia’s Contribution

  • Ultra-high precision astrometry

◮ Mass determination: Deflection & Binary ◮ 150 estimates – spanning taxonomy ◮ Ground-based support Colas ◮ Ephemeris (e.g INPOP) Fienga ◮ N extra estimates?

  • Very-high precision photometry

◮ 3-D shape reconstruction Cellino, Hanuˇ s, Carbognani ◮ Minor contribution for volume

◮ Ground-based support

◮ Lightcurves (dense) campaigns ◮ Dedicated imaging on large telescopes ◮ Stellar occultations Tanga, Delb`

  • 14/14 Benoˆ

ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011