SLIDE 1
Scioto River Assessment
▪ Analysis of 23 yrs. of data
- ver a 37 year period 1979-
Degradation and Recovery of the Scioto River OWRC-WRMM March 22, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Degradation and Recovery of the Scioto River OWRC-WRMM March 22, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Degradation and Recovery of the Scioto River OWRC-WRMM March 22, 2018 Chris Yoder Midwest Biodiversity Institute Columbus, OH Scioto River Assessment Analysis of 23 yrs. of data over a 37 year period 1979- 2015 Ohio EPA & MBI.
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
ANNUAL REPORTS for 1886 MADE TO THE 67th GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO
REPORT ON THE POLLUTION OF WATER- COURSES BY STRAW BOARD FACTORIES. BY H. J. SHARP, M. D. State Board of Health
Complaints have been filed with this Board, calling attention to the pollution of certain rivers and streams in the State from the refuse and washings being drained into them from various straw-board factories, situated upon or near said streams.
A vintage 1886 publication which shows that we have been well aware of water pollution for more at least 130 years!
SLIDE 4
THE POLLUTION OF SCIOTO RIVER.
Below is given the report of Dr. W. H. Cretcher, President of this Board, upon the pollution of the Scioto river, for a distance of some miles in the vicinity and above and below the town of La Rue, Marion county. Dr. Cretcher visited the scenes of complaints in this case, and after a careful investigation of the causes and conditions affecting the water
- f this stream, and its effects upon the fish, livestock and
upon persons residing along it, has submitted a very full report . . . On the evening. of August 10, 1886, I received a telegram, signed by the Hon. John J. Hopkins, of La Rue, Marion county, requesting me to come on the next train, and examine into the condition of the Scioto river, “the pollution of which is killing the fish and endangering health.”
SLIDE 5
1927:Extending the Mill Creek Interceptor
“The Mill Creek will again be in the state of sparkling purity of the times of the Indians and the pioneers.”
Cincinnati Times-Star on May 24, 1930, upon learning that interceptor completion was guaranteed
While not about the Scioto River, it illustrates the attitudes & beliefs of the time – they just didn’t know any better.
SLIDE 6
Dealing with sewerage was more about whisking it away from homes – it also illustrates how difficult it was for the engineering practices of the day to catch up.
https://www.columbus.gov/utilities/about/Historical-Milestones- for-Wastewater-Treatment-in-Columbus/ or “OldSewerGuys”
SLIDE 7
5000 1 104 1.5 104 2 104 2.5 104 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
JP 001 JP Bypass
BOD5 (Kg/Day) YEAR
Columbus Southerly Online
Jackson Pike WWTP June-September Mean BOD5 Loadings
2016 Permitted Monthly Loading (June-Oct.)
%D.O. <4.0 mg/L at Shadeville 100
The status of wastewater treatment & water quality just prior to our study. In 1977 the Scioto R. below Columbus was designated as Limited Warmwater Habitat & criteria that accommodated these loadings. Serious doubts existed about achieving treatment beyond secondary & attainment of CWA goals in an effluent dominated river. 160 MGD of treated sewage effluent comprises 90-95% of the summer-fall base flows.
SLIDE 8
5000 1 104 1.5 104 2 104 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
CS 001 CS Bypass
BOD5 (Kg/Day) YEAR
Columbus Southerly WWTP June-September Mean BOD5 Loadings
2016 Permitted Monthly Loading (June-Oct.)
U.S. EPA disapproved LWH insisting on the equivalent of today’s Warmwater Habitat (WWH) designation. Had LWH been left intact we would not have achieved the degree of improvement witnessed post-1988 through 2015.
SLIDE 9
20 30 40 50 60 1979 1980 1981 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2015 IND EX O F BIO TIC INTEG RITY (IBI)
YEAR
12
Composting On-line AWT Completed Bypasses Eliminated
EW H Biocriterion W W H Biocriterion
38 43 45 50 38 36 57 51 57 56 62 41 60 22 49 20 13 9 7 8 52 9 54 20 8 11 14 36
The improvement since 1979 has been incremental with positive responses to intermediate abatement actions aimed at WWH attainment.
SLIDE 10
20 30 40 50 60 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
1979 1988 1996 2015
R IVER KILO M ETER
3 2
1
5 4
B
W W H Criterion (IBI=42) EW H Criterion (IBI=48) M W H Criterion (IBI=24) G reenlawn D am
12
IND EX O F BIO TIC IN TEG RITY (IBI)
C A
Formerly Im pounded Dublin
- Rd. W
TP
ADV AAV
The Area of Attainment (AAV) and Degradation Values (ADV) help to normalize the “clutter” of the x-y line graphics. In 2015 the IBI attained the Exceptional Warmwater Habitat (EWH) biocriterion below the Southerly WWTP.
SLIDE 11
- 300
- 200
- 100
100 200 300 Negative ADV/Mi. Positive AAV/Mi.
1979 1980 1981 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2015 ADV/AAV (Units/Mi.)
Composting On-line AWT Completed Bypasses Eliminated
YEAR
38 43 45 50 38 36 57 51 57 56 62 41 60 22 49 20 13 9 7 8 52 9 54 20 8 11 14 36
The virtual elimination of WWH impairment was first documented in 1991, becoming complete after 2006, 18 years after WWTPs attained advanced treatement.
SLIDE 12
10 20 30 40 50 60 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
1981 1988 1991 2015
R IVER KILO M ETER
3 2
1
5 4
B
W W H Criterion (IC I=36) EW H Criterion (IC =46) M W H Criterion (IC I=22) G reenlawn D am
INVER TEBRATE CO M M UN ITY IN D EX (ICI)
C A
Formerly Im pounded Dublin
- Rd. W
TP
Macroinvertebrates have also fully attained EWH downstream from Columbus Southerly fulfilling the requirement for both groups to show full attainment to designate EWH.
SLIDE 13
Reach Description River Km (Mi.) Native Species Non-native Sp. Hybrids
Griggs Dam to Circleville 225 to 160 (140 to 99.5) 100 5 19 Griggs to Greenlawn Dam 225 to 208 (140 to 129.5) 73 3 15 Greenlawn Dam to Circleville 208 to 160 (129.5 to 99.5) 99 5 18 Absent Ust. Greenlawn Dam 225 to 208 (140 to 129.5) 26 2 3 Absent Dst. Greenlawn Dam 208 to 160 (129.5 to 99.5) 1 Species with 1 individual
- Ust. Greenlawn Dam
225 to 208 (140 to 129.5) 10
Scioto R. Fish Species Richness
36 species are not yet able to become established upstream.
SLIDE 14
Tippecanoe darter (Etheostoma tippecanoe)
OSUMB Records OSUMB Sampling Sites Ohio EPA/MBI Sampling Sites Ohio EPA/MBI Records
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1979-1983 1984-1988 1989-1993 1994-1998 1999-2003 2004-2008 2009-2013 2014-2016
Etheostoma tippecanoe %Occurence
y = 1.8e-7 * e^(0.43x) R2= 0.78
Percent of Samples Data Years ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (
! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (
# * # * # * # *# * # * # * # *
Franklin Co. Pickaway Co.
Columbus
Circleville
Scippo Cr.
1979-1999 ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (
! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! (! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! ( ! (
# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *
Franklin Co. Pickaway Co.
Columbus
Circleville
Scippo Cr.
2000-2016 # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # * # *
# * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # * # *# * # * # * # * # * # *
Franklin Co. Pickaway Co.
Columbus
Circleville
Scippo Cr.
Pre-1900 records
1905-1978
This species has a 2 yr. life span which means it had to “reproduce its way” upstream.
SLIDE 15
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Bigeye Chub
y = 1.2081e-238 * e^(0.27334x)
Percent Occurence
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
River Redhorse
y = 7.6439e-42 * e^(0.04868x)
Percent Occurence Last Year of Time Period
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Goldfish
y = 1.6276e+65 * e^(-0.074421x)
Percent Occurence
2 4 6 8 10
Common Carp X Goldfish
y = 7.2 - 0.94x R
2= 0.47
Percent Occurence
1980
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Last Year of Time Period
Significant patterns of increase for 67 species & 2 hybrids, many of which are classified as sensitive by Ohio EPA Significant declines for 10 species and 1 hybrid – 4 are highly tolerant and
- thers prefer impounded habitat.
SLIDE 16
Historic
Bigeye Chub Distribution in Ohio
1980 - 1987
1 1-10 11-50 >50 Number Sampled
1988 - 1997 1998 - 2004 2005 - 2013
HELP IP EOLP WAP ECBP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QHEI
Degraded Habitat; Altered Hydrology New Scioto Locations in 2015
Species that were relegated to smaller, isolated streams now depend on larger rivers as routes of ingress and recovery.
Slides used courtesy of Bob Milter, Ohio EPA
SLIDE 17
4000 8000 1.2 10
4
1.6 10
4
2 10
4
1979-1983 1984-1988 1989-1993 1994-1998 1999-2003 2004-2008 2009-2013 2014-2016
Flathead Catfish Maximum Weight by Sample (g)
4000 8000 1.2 10
4
1.6 10
4
2 10
4
River Redhorse Maximum Weight by Sample (g)
800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 1979-1983 1984-1988 1989-1993 1994-1998 1999-2003 2004-2008 2009-2013 2014-2016
Smallmouth Bass Maximum Weight by Sample (g)
*
2000 4000 6000 8000 1 10
4
Black Buffalo Maximum Weight by Sample (g)
*
The larger and longer lived species are getting “bigger” an indication of longer term health, survival, and reproduction.
* - species were batch weighed, no individual weights.
Multiple signals from the biology indicate that the improvements are real and increasingly sustainable . . . . . . provided that the fundamental chemical, physical, and biological attributes and functions are maintained.
SLIDE 18
What actions were taken to reduce pollution such that aquatic life is now restored to near pre-settlement levels?
SLIDE 19
Water Quality Based Permitting Policy
SLIDE 20
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
June-October Daily Maximum Loading = 647 kg/day June-October 30 Day Average Loading = 431 kg/day
Ammonia-N (Kg/Day)
“Project 88”
Columbus Southerly NH3-N Loadings
SLIDE 21
0.01 0.1 1 10 1971-72 1975-76 1979-80 1983-84 1987-88 1992-93 1996-97 2000-01 2004-05 2008-09 2012-13 2016-17 Downstream Southerly WWTP @St. Rt. 762 (RM 115.3)
Ammonia-N (mg/L) Year
Median-2 IQR WWH Threshold (0.11-0.29 mg/L) Median-2 IQR EWH Threshold (0.05-0.07 mg/L)
No Data
Instream NH3-N Concentrations
“Project 88”
SLIDE 22
Completing the Cycle of WQ Management: Assessing and Guiding Management Actions with Integrated Environmental Assessment
Administrative Indicators [permits, plans, grants, enforcement, abatements]
Ecological “Health” Endpoint
Stressor Indicators [pollutant loadings, land use practices] Exposure Indicators [pollutant levels, habitat quality, ecosystem process, fate & transport] Response Indicators [biological metrics, multimetric indices]
1: Management actions 2: Response to management 3: Stressor abatement 4: Ambient conditions 5: Assimilation and uptake 6: Biological response Indicator Levels
An outgrowth of a U.S. EPA Environmental Indicators Initiative in 1995. Ohio EPA has practiced this for 30+ years and for point and nonpoint sources.
SLIDE 23
LEVEL 1: Ohio EPA issues WQ based permits & awards funds for Columbus WWTPs LEVEL 2: Columbus constructs AWT by July 1, 1988; permit conditions attained
ADMINISTRATIVE INDICATORS WWTP
$$$$ NPDES
LEVEL 3: Loadings of ammonia, BOD, etc. are reduced
STRESSORS
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
June-October Daily Maximum Loading = 647 kg/day June-October 30 Day Average Loading = 431 kg/day
Ammonia-N (Kg/Day)
LEVELS 4&5: Reduced instream pollutant levels; enhanced assimilation
EXPOSURE
0.01 0.1 1 10 1971-72 1975-76 1979-80 1983-84 1987-88 1992-93 1996-97 2000-01 2004-05 2008-09 2012-13 2016-17 Downstream Southerly WWTP @St. Rt. 762 (RM 115.3)
Ammonia-N (mg/L) Year
No Data
RESPONSE
LEVEL 6: Biological recovery evidenced in Biological attainment; 3 yrs. post AWT
- 300
- 200
- 100
100 200 300 Negative ADV/Mi. Positive AAV/Mi.
1979 1980 1981 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2015 ADV/AAV (Units/Mi.)
Composting On-line AWT Completed Bypasses Eliminated
YEAR
38 43 45 50 38 36 57 51 57 56 62 41 60 22 49 20 13 9 7 8 52 9 54 20 8 11 14 36
SLIDE 24
Administrative Output vs. Resource Outcomes Based Management
Goal: Measures: Results: Program Performance (Program execution) Administrative Actions (Lists, Permits, Funding, Rules) Improve Programs (Reduce backlogs, improve timeliness)
ADMINISTRATIVE OUTPUTS BASED
Environmental Performance (Attain designated uses) Indicator End-points (Biological, Chemical, Physical) Programs are Tools to Improve the Environment (Admin. outputs evaluated by environmental end outcomes)
RESOURCE END OUTCOMES BASED
Effective Integration Promotes Effectiveness Based Programs
Ohio EPA has had an effective integration of M&A, WQS, and permitting for 30+ years. The insatiable desire to make everything “simpler” threatens the end outcomes approach.
SLIDE 25
20 40 60 80 100 1980 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Ohio Aquatic Life Attainment Large Rivers 2002-2016
PERCENT OF MILES (%) YEAR Net Gain 1980-2010 = 72.1% Net Loss 2010-2016 = -5.7%
An estimated $60 billion spent in the seven major metropolitan areas of Ohio. Can it be sustained in today’s deregulatory climate? We urgently need to counter the rapid loss of institutional knowledge & experience by better educating new managers and staff about the history of water pollution control successes and shortcomings.
SLIDE 26