Deep Maps: West Cork Coastal Cultures Ellen Hutchins Festival 21/08/2017 Breda Moriarty
Deep Maps: West Cork Coastal Cultures • Research Aims and Study Area • Historical and Cultural Research • Scientific Priorities • Project Dissemination and Preservation
Study Area: West Cork Coast
Research Aims 1. Develop a methodology for the inter-relationship of cultural and biological knowledge that can be scaled for other maritime environments 2. Connect the priorities of scientific research to contemporary understandings of coastal environments via an exploration of the cultural history of selected sites in the context of stakeholder workshops 3. Develop a website that depicts the combined cultural and environmental richness of selected coastal sites
The Research Team College of Arts, Celtic Studies and Social Sciences School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences Dr. Rob McAllen Prof. Claire Connolly School of Biological, Earth and School of English Environmental Sciences Orla-Peach Power Dr. Michael Waldron Dr. Rachel Murphy Breda Moriarty Seán MacGabhann Digital Humanities / English / History of Art Digital Humanities / History Ecology / Rural Development Marine Biology Archaeology
Research Model PLACE West Cork DATA Fisheries and Aquaculture Stakeholder: e.g. from surveys and workshops Pollution Biological/scientific: e.g. Lough Hyne current and past priorities Baltimore Clonakilty Bantry Climate Change THEME/PRIORITY Cultural: e.g. art, literature, folklore Biodiversity/Conservation Historical: e.g. official data, personal accounts Policy and Legislation 1700 1920 Present Day TIME
Deep Maps: West Cork Coastal Cultures • Research Aims and Study Area • Historical and Cultural Research • Scientific Priorities • Project Dissemination and Preservation
Historical Sources: Maps Plan du Fort et Baye de Bantry, Goubet, negative, (c.1690-5), NLI MS 2742 French Military Reconnaissance Plan of Bantry Bay, G. Pawley, May 1808 Map, 1789, NLI MS 809 NLI 15 B. 14 (32) All maps reproduced with kind permission of the National Library of Ireland
Historical Sources: Maps 6" OS map of C. Cork, undated but OS map ‘Ireland – West Coast Harbours in Bantry Bay’ 25" OS map ‘Bantry Union and RD Cork thought to be based on 1842 survey detail of Bantry Harbour, scale 1:10,580, 1914 (Bantry West Carbery )’, 1920 Source: Bantry House Papers, BL EP B 2159 Source: Bantry House Papers, BL EP B 2124 Source: Bantry House Papers, BL EP B 2120
Historical Sources: Contemporary Accounts Smith’s Map of County Cork, 1850, via Corkpastandpresent.ie Rev. Horatio Townsend Statistical Survey of the County of Cork Charles Smith (1810) The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Cork (1750)
Richard Pococke, 1758 Richard Pococke in Oriental Costume, 1738, Jean-Étienne Liotard
Historical Sources: Estate Papers Bantry Estate Collection (UCC Library) including maps, legal papers, fisheries and shooting leases, correspondences, sketchbooks, and other materials
Bantry Estate Collection at UCC
Historical Sources: Newspapers and Directories Pigot’s Directory, 1824 Advertisement placed in Cork Constitution , 12 April 1851
Historical Sources: Official Records Reports and Commissions e.g. Annual Reports of Inspectors of Irish Census Reports Fisheries Source: British Parliamentary Publications Source: HISTPOP and British Parliamentary Papers
Cultural Sources: Visual Art James Gillray, The End of the Irish Invasion – or – the Destruction of the French Armada 1797 View of Allihies Mines Joshua Rowley Watson Sketchbook of Richard White William Magrath, Gathering Kelp Nelson’s Monument, Castletownshend c.1820s/30s (courtesy UCC Library) 1877 (courtesy Crawford Art Gallery, Cork) c.1815 (courtesy Crawford Art Gallery, Cork)
Cultural Sources: Literature
Cultural Sources: Folklore ‘Sea - horses’ in Bantry Bay, referred to in The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0281 (Bantry School)
Cultural Sources: Travellers’ Accounts Clodagh Leigh-White Nature Notebook (1913-18) Georgiana Chatterton Mrs & Mrs Samuel Carter Hall Rambles in the South of Ireland Ireland: Its Scenery, Character, etc. in the Year 1838 (1839) Vol I (1841)
Cultural Sources: Travellers’ Accounts Lewis Dillwyn (botanist and conchologist) Joseph Woods (botanist)
Taylor and Skinner’s Road Maps 1778 Clonakilty Baltimore Ross Bandon Skibbereen Cork
Anne Plumptre
The Halls Illustration by W. Willes Engraving by Landells
Historical Sources: Photographs The Pier, Bantry, Co. Cork Lough Hyne, Co. Cork Both images sourced from the Lawrence Collection, National Library of Ireland
Poetry Extract from Loch Ina, published in The Nation, 1845 Poem by ‘Stella’, published in The Skibbereen and West Carbery Eagle, 1865 Poem by ‘M.Q.M.’, published in the West Cork and Carbery Eagle, 1868
Deep Maps: West Cork Coastal Cultures • Research Aims and Study Area • Historical and Cultural Research • Scientific Priorities • Project Dissemination and Preservation
Timeline of Scientific Investigation of Lough Hyne 1847 - present
Lough Hyne - current state • Europe's first statutory Marine Nature Reserve (since 1981) • The Lough sustains a huge variety of marine plants and animals • Important on an international scale
Environmental Issues at the Lough Biodiversity Loss and Changes Eutrophication Invasive Species
Deep Maps surveys and their role • What are the perceptions of stakeholders with regard to marine issues? • How is information about marine priorities being transferred to stakeholders? • Does more need to be done for outreach and dissemination of information? • Can these perceptions be linked to the heritage and culture that may have contributed to forging them?
Methodology • Questionnaires • Workshops • In person interviews
Questionnaire 1 Baseline: stakeholders’ familiarity, how informed and concerned about marine issues and policies Issues: • Biodiversity loss, climate change, coastal erosion, drilling oil/gas, ecotourism, habitat alteration/destruction, invasive species, marine pollution, marine traffic, eutrophication, ocean acidification, overfishing/depletion of stocks, sea level rise
Informed vs. Concerned Issues Informed and concerned: climate change, over fishing/depletion of stocks and marine litter Informed and Concerned: biodiversity loss and ocean acidification (decrease in pH levels) Policies There was little or no familiarity with regard to environmental legislation
Questionnaire 2 Value of the coast/sea e.g. sense of identity, plants and animals, source of income, inspiration, natural asset… Where do people get their information about the marine environment? e.g. scientific journals, local or oral tradition, TV, radio, school, magazines…
Value and Information Valued most: Scenery , recreation and as a natural asset Valued least: Built heritage , source of income and as a source of food Most Information: National/local newspapers, TV, first-hand (personal experience), internet Least Information: Governmental reports, school, scientific reports, environmental organisations
Workshop Marine environment • What is the benefit/importance of the marine environment? • What are the concerns for the marine environment? Marine Conservation: Policies and role of scientific outreach • Scientific outreach (for example; workshops, public talks, conferences, lectures, dedicated events...) - what is their role in dissemination of marine environmental information and can knowledge of the past help inform understanding of current priorities?
Workshop Present linking to the past • What role has culture/heritage played in your perceptions about the marine environment? • Has the coastal (coast and sea) area changed in your lifetime? (Biologically, anecdotally...)
Results • Economic, scenery, recreation, and natural capital • Pollution, overfishing, climate change, and weak governance of the coast • Disconnect between governance and what is happening on the ground • Public consultation was deemed necessary in order to affect real change • Appropriate communication techniques – this might be addressed by the website?
Results • Decrease in population of rural maritime areas and the loss of fishing traditions • Deeper knowledge of the history and traditions of coastal locations might help us to appreciate the ‘magic’ of special coastal places
Primary Schools Liked most about coast/sea: Wildlife, recreation, and the water, pretending to be a mermaid Problems with the coast/sea: Pollution (litter, plastic,…) safety on the sea, and climate change
Results
Results
Results
In-person interviews Engage with stakeholders about the study area with regard to marine environmental issues and maritime culture.
Deep Maps: West Cork Coastal Cultures • Research Aims and Study Area • Historical and Cultural Research • Scientific Priorities • Project Dissemination and Preservation
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