Cycling in the Netherlands; Philosophy and measures for increasing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cycling in the Netherlands; Philosophy and measures for increasing bikeability Hillie Talens, Project Manager CROW and Bicycle Ambassador Fietsberaad 1 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Who is she? 2 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011 What makes her move? 3

Content  Some figures  Benefits for the society  The Dutch touch  Bicycle infrastructure  Conclusions 4 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle ownership Number of cycles per inhabitant Number of cycles per inhabitant 1,2 1,11 More cycles then 1 people 0,83 0,77 0,8 0,67 0,63 0,6 Number of cycles per inhabitant 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,40 0,4 0,34 0,18 0,2 0 England the Netherlands Denmark Germany Sweden Finland Belgium Austria Spaon Italy France 5 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle use (share) Bicycle use (share) Denmark 18% Netherlands 27% Germany 10% USA 1% 6 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle use (share)  Total modal split 27%  34% of all trips < 4.5 miles  15% of trips 4,5-10 miles  Groningen en Zwolle > 50% 7 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Trip Motive 8 •100% •10% •20% •30% •40% •50% •60% •70% •80% •90% •0% •Commuter travel •Business trips •Services/personal •care •Shopping •Education •Visit/stay •Social •recreational •Touring/hiking •Other ThinkBike Workshop, Miami •Total •Bicycle •Car 2-3 May 2011

Daily trips Average daily nr. of trips by gender 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 Daily nr. of trips 1,2 Women 1 Men 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Age 0-12 12- 16- 18- 20- 25- 30- 40- 50- 60- 65- >75 Avg 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 65 75 Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005 9 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Daily distance 1km = 0.6 miles Average daily covered distance by gender Average daily nr. of trips by gender 8 2 1,8 7 1,6 6 Daily covered distance 1,4 Daily nr. of trips 5 1,2 Women Women 4 1 Men Men 0,8 3 0,6 2 0,4 1 0,2 0 0 Age 0-12 12- Age 0-12 12- 16- 16- 18- 18- 20- 20- 25- 25- 30- 30- 40- 40- 50- 50- 60- 60- 65- 65- >75 >75 Avg Avg 16 16 18 18 20 20 25 25 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 65 65 75 75 Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005 10 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Emotions joy fear anger sadness aversion car bike public transport 11 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Safety - Europe 12 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle share - EU Bicycle share in European countries 30% 27% 25% 20% 19% 15% 10% 9% 9% 10% 8% 7% 5% 5% 5% 2% 0% the Netherlands Switzerland Denmark Germany Belgium Sweden Great Britain Austria Italy France 13 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Safety in numbers 1km = 0.6 miles 2 12 Bicycle km per person per day Cyclists killed per 100 10 million bicycle km 1,5 8 1 6 4 0.5 2 0 0 Italy UK Finland Germany Sweden Netherlands 14 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

History 1 9 2 5 15 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Development in time 1975 - now: 1800 - Suburbanisation 50 - Car use 1600 + Transport policy + Clean & Healthy 1400 40 Cycle fatalities per billion bicycle km 1200 Bicycle km pppy 1000 30 800 20 600 1950 –1975: - Suburbanisation •400 - Car use 10 - Transport policy •200 - Old fashioned •0 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1km = 0.6 miles Bicycle use Bicycle unsafety 16 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Benefits  Sustainability  Accessibility  Health  Liveability  Economics 17 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Sustainability  No CO 2 -emission (Reduction in the Netherlands: 2.4 million tonnes)  Efficient (with the energy of 1 liter fossil fuel you could travel 311 miles)  Reduction of the global footprint of a country  Alleviates global warming 18 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Accessibility Consequences in urban areas:  More efficient use of transport infrastructure  Traffic in all Dutch towns are more fluid (it is the grease in the economy)  More accessible towns, business areas etc.  Shorter travel times (the bike is the fastest means of transport in town)  Less congestion  Efficient parking (8 bicycles for 1 car) 19 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Health Cyclists vs. non-cyclists  Increase of life expectancy with 3 years  Extra time in good health (10 years)  Reduction of diseases (e.g. obesity, heart and coronary diseases, Alzheimer)  Fitter and less overweight children  Independent and self-confident youth  Reduction of costs of healthcare  Work absenteeism reduction (10-15%) 20 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Liveability Cycling is:  More joy and happiness in everybody's lives  Less traffic noise  Less fine particles and Nitro- oxides in the air  More social integration within areas 21 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Economics  Reduction of costs of commuting  Less needs to build expensive parking lots  More efficient transport  Sustainable economic growth  Increase sales shops  Reduction of 10-15% in work absenteeism  Every km by car costs €0.32 ($0.47)  Every km by bike gains €0.12 ($0.18) 22 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

What makes the Dutch cycle?  Joy! Freedom!  Flexible  Being in the open air  It’s so convenient  Relaxing  Safe (Perceived safety)  Cheap  Easy, healthy, easy fit  The fastest way to go about in town  Easily to combine with other modes of transport 23 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Good infrastructure: more cyclists 24 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Characteristics cyclists  Muscle power  Balance  No crumple zones  Hardly any suspension  Open air  Social activity  Humans 25 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Cycle speed (design speed)  Design speed of 12.5 to 25 miles per hour  Adjust speed according to circumstances  30 km/h-zones (residential areas)  Home zones/woonerfs (10 miles/h) 26 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Active safety  Poor visibility: Conflict between trucks and cyclists  Speed differences  3 miles/h walking  12.5 miles/h cycling  30 miles/h driving  Helmets?  Reflective cloths?  Parked cars 27 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Traffic/road system Function Use Design 28 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

5 safety principles  Functionalty of roads,  Homogeneity of mass, speed and direction,  Recognizability of the road design and predictability of the road course and road user behaviour,  Forgivingness of the environment (physical) and between road users (social),  State awareness by the road user. 29 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

3 road categories  Through roads  Distributor roads  Access roads 30 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Speed limits Inside built up areas: 10 or 20 miles/h (access roads) 30 or 45 miles/h (distributors) Outside built up areas: 20 or 35 miles/h (access roads) 50 miles/h (distributors) 60 or 75 or 80 miles/h (through roads 31 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle traffic on/along  Distributor Roads  Access Roads  Not on Though Roads 32 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Main requirements for bicycle infrastructure  Coherence  Directness  Attractiveness  Safety  Comfort 33 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Coherence  Consistancy of quality  Ease of way finding  Mobility chain  Choise for more than one route 34 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Directness  No unnecessary detours  Faster than car  Constant speed  Minimum delays 35 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Attractiveness  Psychological elements  Perception  Social safety  Go side by side 36 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Safety  Mix if possible  Seperate when necessary  No hard conflicts  Infrastructure  Vehicles  Road users 37 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Comfort  Smooth suface  Minimum stops  Protection against weather  Easy way finding  Priority at intersections  Gentle slopes 38 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Bicycle facilities  Network  Route  Sections  Intersections  Parking  Others 39 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Network  A mesh/grid width of app. 800 feet  Urban areas  Main destinations are connected  No detour  Not always dedecated facilities 40 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011

Routes Bike (high)ways  More important in rural areas and between neighborhoods  Priority at intersections  Complete (no missing links)  Seperation between cyclists and motorised traffic  No detours  Social safety  Avoid conflicts with crossing traffic 41 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 2-3 May 2011