Cycling in the Netherlands; Philosophy and measures for increasing - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

2-3 May 2011 ThinkBike Workshop, Miami 1

Hillie Talens,

Project Manager CROW and Bicycle Ambassador Fietsberaad

Cycling in the Netherlands;

Philosophy and measures for increasing bikeability

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Who is she?

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What makes her move?

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Content

Some figures Benefits for the society The Dutch touch Bicycle infrastructure Conclusions

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Bicycle ownership

Number of cycles per inhabitant

Number of cycles per inhabitant

1,11 0,83 0,77 0,67 0,63 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,40 0,34 0,18

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2

the Netherlands Denmark Germany Sweden Finland Belgium Italy England Austria France Spaon Number of cycles per inhabitant

More cycles then people

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Bicycle use (share)

Netherlands 27%

Bicycle use (share)

Denmark 18% Germany 10% USA 1%

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Bicycle use (share)

 Total modal split 27%  34% of all trips < 4.5 miles  15% of trips 4,5-10 miles  Groningen en Zwolle > 50%

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Trip Motive

• 0%
• 10%
• 20%
• 30%
• 40%
• 50%
• 60%
• 70%
• 80%
• 90%
• 100%
• Commuter travel
• Business trips
• Services/personal
• care
• Shopping
• Education
• Visit/stay
• Social
• recreational
• Touring/hiking
• Other
• Total
• Car
• Bicycle

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Daily trips

Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005

Average daily nr. of trips by gender

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 Age 0-12 12- 16 16- 18 18- 20 20- 25 25- 30 30- 40 40- 50 50- 60 60- 65 65- 75 >75 Avg Daily nr. of trips Women Men

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Daily distance

Source: RWS/AVV 2005 /MON 2005

Average daily nr. of trips by gender

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 Age 0-12 12- 16 16- 18 18- 20 20- 25 25- 30 30- 40 40- 50 50- 60 60- 65 65- 75 >75 Avg Daily nr. of trips Women Men

Average daily covered distance by gender

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Age 0-12 12- 16 16- 18 18- 20 20- 25 25- 30 30- 40 40- 50 50- 60 60- 65 65- 75 >75 Avg Daily covered distance Women Men

1km = 0.6 miles

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joy fear anger sadness aversion car bike public transport

Emotions

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Safety - Europe

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Bicycle share - EU

27% 19% 10% 9% 9% 8% 7% 5% 5% 2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

the Netherlands Denmark Germany Austria Switzerland Belgium Sweden Italy France Great Britain

Bicycle share in European countries

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Safety in numbers

Italy UK Finland Germany Sweden Netherlands 0.5 1 1,5 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 Bicycle km per person per day Cyclists killed per 100 million bicycle km

1km = 0.6 miles

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History

1 9 2 5

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• 200
• 400

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Bicycle km pppy 10 20 30 40 50 Cycle fatalities per billion bicycle km

Bicycle use Bicycle unsafety 1950 –1975:

• Suburbanisation
• Car use
• Transport policy
• Old fashioned

1975 - now:

• Suburbanisation
• Car use

+ Transport policy + Clean & Healthy

Development in time

1km = 0.6 miles

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Benefits

Sustainability Accessibility Health Liveability Economics

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Sustainability

No CO2-emission (Reduction in the Netherlands: 2.4 million tonnes) Efficient (with the energy of 1 liter fossil fuel you could travel 311 miles) Reduction of the global footprint of a country Alleviates global warming

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Accessibility

Consequences in urban areas:

More efficient use of transport infrastructure Traffic in all Dutch towns are more fluid (it is the grease in the economy) More accessible towns, business areas etc. Shorter travel times (the bike is the fastest means of transport in town) Less congestion Efficient parking (8 bicycles for 1 car)

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Health

Cyclists vs. non-cyclists

Increase of life expectancy with 3 years Extra time in good health (10 years) Reduction of diseases (e.g. obesity, heart and coronary diseases, Alzheimer) Fitter and less overweight children Independent and self-confident youth Reduction of costs of healthcare Work absenteeism reduction (10-15%)

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Liveability

Cycling is:

 More joy and happiness in

everybody's lives  Less traffic noise  Less fine particles and Nitro-

• xides in the air

 More social integration within areas

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Economics

Reduction of costs of commuting Less needs to build expensive parking lots More efficient transport Sustainable economic growth Increase sales shops Reduction of 10-15% in work absenteeism Every km by car costs €0.32 ($0.47) Every km by bike gains €0.12 ($0.18)

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What makes the Dutch cycle?

 Joy! Freedom!  Flexible  Being in the open air  It’s so convenient  Relaxing  Safe (Perceived safety)  Cheap  Easy, healthy, easy fit  The fastest way to go about in town  Easily to combine with other modes

• f transport

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Good infrastructure: more cyclists

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Characteristics cyclists

Muscle power Balance No crumple zones Hardly any suspension Open air Social activity Humans

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Cycle speed (design speed)

Design speed of 12.5 to 25 miles per hour Adjust speed according to circumstances 30 km/h-zones (residential areas) Home zones/woonerfs (10 miles/h)

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Active safety

Poor visibility: Conflict between trucks and cyclists Speed differences  3 miles/h walking  12.5 miles/h cycling  30 miles/h driving Helmets? Reflective cloths? Parked cars

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Traffic/road system

Function Use Design

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5 safety principles

Functionalty of roads, Homogeneity of mass, speed and direction, Recognizability of the road design and predictability of the road course and road user behaviour, Forgivingness of the environment (physical) and between road users (social), State awareness by the road user.

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3 road categories

 Through roads  Distributor roads  Access roads

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Speed limits

Inside built up areas: 10 or 20 miles/h (access roads) 30 or 45 miles/h (distributors) Outside built up areas: 20 or 35 miles/h (access roads) 50 miles/h (distributors) 60 or 75 or 80 miles/h (through roads

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Bicycle traffic on/along

 Distributor Roads  Access Roads  Not on Though Roads

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Main requirements for bicycle infrastructure

 Coherence  Directness  Attractiveness  Safety  Comfort

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Coherence

Consistancy of quality Ease of way finding Mobility chain Choise for more than one route

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Directness

No unnecessary detours Faster than car Constant speed Minimum delays

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Attractiveness

Psychological elements Perception Social safety Go side by side

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Safety

Mix if possible Seperate when necessary No hard conflicts Infrastructure Vehicles Road users

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Comfort

Smooth suface Minimum stops Protection against weather Easy way finding Priority at intersections Gentle slopes

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Bicycle facilities

Network Route Sections Intersections Parking Others

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Network

A mesh/grid width of app. 800 feet Urban areas Main destinations are connected No detour Not always dedecated facilities

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Bike (high)ways

More important in rural areas and between neighborhoods Priority at intersections Complete (no missing links) Seperation between cyclists and motorised traffic No detours Social safety Avoid conflicts with crossing traffic

Routes

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Bicycle street

Cycle route Car stays behind bicycle Two types:

 Car in the middle  Car on the side

More than 2000 bicycles/day Less than 500 pcu/day (two way street) Less than 2000 pcu/day (one way street)

Street sections

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Path Lane 30 km/h-zone (20miles/h-zones) Home zone

Street sections

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Cycle Track

Parallel to main road (distributor)

Mostly on direction 6.50 – 8.20feet wide Depending on volume Separation > 3.75m Car parking on the left

Off street path

Two directions 8.20 – 13.10feet wide Depending on volume and mopeds Centre marking

right wrong

Street sections

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Lane

On main road (distributor) 5.00 – 6.50feet wide Preferably paved in red Seperation by marking

 Line  Dashed line

Bike symbol No stopping and parking for cars

• n or along lane

Street sections

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Shortcuts for cyclists

Residential areas

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Intersections

Priority Roundabout Traffic lights Raised intersection Tunnel Bridge

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Roundabout

4 types: Bike on street Bike lane Separated path with priority Separated path without priority With path take >16.4feet space for yielding car

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Traffic lights

Bicycle phase - all bicycle directions green Advanced stop lane/box Go right to turn left No right turn on red for cars Sometimes free right turn on red for bikes

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Advanced stop lane / box

At traffic control lights 13.00 – 16.40feet long For combination lanes 82feet cycle lane leading to box Cycle marking/symbol

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Tunnel

 Gradient/ grade < 5%

 > 11.50ft wide  > 9ftm headroom  Sufficient light  Daylight  Vision through tunnel right wrong

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Bridge

 Gradient/grade <5%  Protection against weather  11.5feet wide  Cyclists prefer tunnels over bridges

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Parking

Safe facilities Logical location Serviceable Well fitted Enough

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Others

Maintenance Road work zones No sign ‘cyclist dismount’ No detour more than 50%; max 3miles

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Pedestrians

Parallel to main road

Differences in grade, color and/or pavement Warning sign Markings

Cycling in pedestrian areas

Visual seperation (up to 160 pedestrians/meter width) Cycle lane in the middle (over 160 pedestrians/meter width)

Sharing the street

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Philosophy by Dutch enforcement:

Car drivers: should take the responsibility of driving vehicles that could kill should be aware of the capricious nature of cyclists (esp. children) always are liable when an accident happens

Liability and enforcement

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Education

Start young

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Conclusions

 Cyclist is not a pedestrian with wheels  Bicycle facilities need to be tailor made  Cycling is not just a sport  Bicycle is not a poor mans Mercedes

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Cycling is fun for everybody

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talens@crow.nl

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ThinkBike Workshop

 Team members  Program

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Robert Coffeng, Oranjewoud

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Jeroen Kosters, City of Tilburg

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Hillie Talens, CROW

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Today’s Program:

9:00 Welcome 9:30 Cycling in the Netherlands 10:15 Overview Workshop 10:30 Coffee break 10:45 Break up sessions Team Orange Robert Coffeng 12:00 Lunch (to be brought in?) 13:00 Field review (cycling) 3:30 Design solutions 7:00 End of the day 10:45 Break up sessions Team Blue Jeroen Kosters 12:00 Lunch (to be brought in?) 13:00 Field review (cycling) 3:30 Design solutions 7:00 End of the day

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Tomorrow’s Program

8:30 Design solutions 12:00 Lunch 1:00 Design solutions 3:30 Prepare presentation 4:30 Plenary presentation of results 6:30 Closing reception 1:00 Marketing and communication 3:30 Prepare presentation

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