Community Managed Project (CMP) in implementing rural water supply - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

N A B I N P R A K A S H S H A R M A M A S T E R ’ S I N S C I E N C E T A M P E R E U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y

Community Managed Project (CMP) in implementing rural water supply in Amhara Region of Ethiopia

Introduction

 Water is recognized as main pillar of economic development

and reduction of poverty.

 780 million people without access to safe drinking water and

2.6 billion people without access to sanitation (WHO/UNICEF 2012)

 Water demand is increasing  Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) 7 encompasses to

ensure environmental sustainability.

 Common water problems in developing countries

• Increasing relative water scarcity and stress
• Deterioration of water quality
• Inappropriate pricing of water, inadequate cost recovery, and non-viable
• perational and financial performance
• Fragmented and poorly coordinated water administration

Challenges

 An urgent needs to increase rural water supply

access

 Funds available for investment are underspent  Low capacity within local government hinders

progress

 Previous community-managed schemes failing into

disrepair

Objectives

General Objective

 To analyze the applicability of CMP in implementing rural

water supply Specific Objectives

 To examine the existing water and sanitation service scenario

in Amhara region of Ethiopia

 To determine the nature and level of community participation

in rural water supply development

 To analyze whether community managed projects are more

efficient to meet the demand of the community

 To give conclusions and recommendations concerning the

existing CMP approach and its possible development

Methodology

Interviews

 Semi-structured interview

Desk study

 Secondary data

Questionnaires

 For beneficieries about social, economical, health and environmental issues  Including community training and awareness creation, gender equity, cross-cutting

issues SWOT Aanalysis

 Build on Strenghts  Eliminate Weakness  Exploit opportunities  Mitigate the effects of Threats

Findings

High Community Participation

Figure: Community share for project initiation, site selection and technology type in CMP Woredas

87 % 6 % 7 %

CMP Woredas

Community Project Woreda

Figure: Mode of contributions in CMP Woredas

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

• No. of respondents

Mode of contributions in CMP Woredas

CMP Woredas

Non-CMP Woredas

95 % 5 %

CMP

Community Woreda 80 % 20 %

Non-CMP

Community Woreda

Increased community ownership, resulting in more efficient management of the schemes

Higher implementation rate

Woreda Average no. of WPs construction per year before CMP Average no. of WPs construction per year after CMP Increased implementatio n rate %

Farta 12 29 241.6 Fogera 36 44 122.2 East Estie 16 32 200.0 Guangua 10 59 590.0 Average 18.5 41 288.5

Higher Functionality rate

Woreda Overall Before CMP RWSEP % After CMP % Average increased functionality rate %

Farta 84.0 96 98.2 7.5 Fogera 87.5 95.2 97.7 East Estie 95.8 91.8 99.6 Guangua 97.0 97.6 98.8 Average 91.0 95.1 98.5

Water coverage Latrine coverage

Woreda HEP implementat ion in kebeles % Latrine coverage %

Farta

• 86

Fogera 96 100 East Eastie 56 91 Guangua 93 95 Average

• 93

Increased water and latrine coverage

Wored a Popula tion People with acess Covera ge % Farta 235,939 225,322 95.50 Fogera 203,259 166,706 82.00 East Estie 234,321 232,681 99.3 Guangu a 215,365 203,300 94.40 Average 92.8

Willingness to pay Water quality

91 % 9 %

CMP Approach

Yes No

Willingness to pay for better water quality

58 % 21 % 16 % 5 %

CMP Approach

Very good good Fair Bad

Problems of Rural Water Supply in Study Area

Technical Problems

 Use of low grade materials which might lead to

collapse of the water system before its life cycle.

 Some water points were constructed without indepth

study of construction area.

• Insufficient discharge
• High turbidity
• Seasonal variation of water supply

 Absence of drainage facilities  In spring wells, there were leakage in the spring

tapping and box structure

Institutional Problems

 Woreda staff lack proper qualifications and number

• f staff in water desk is limited

 Too much work load for woreda staff  Lack of office equipment, logistic constraints and

budgetary constraints.

 Lack of community level organization (especially

between WASHCOs and beneficiaries)

 Lack of coordination between WUGs and WWT  Lack of capacity to keep system running after project

completion

Social-economic Problems

 Poor economic condition can raise to lot of conflicts  Income level and willingness of villagers to work

together determines the level of participation

 Influence of local leaders  Problems arises due to long waiting queue and water

unavailability

Environmental Problems

 Possibilities of landslides and soil erosion  Drainage problem around HDWs  Pollution of aquifers  Dumping of domestic waste and latrine construction

near water points

 Stagnation of water near water points provides good

environment for mosquito breed

Why CMP?

 Demand driven approach and community led

development

• Implementation will fully depend on community’s
• wn initiatives
• Communities will receive technical support from DA

before, during and after the construction of WPs

 Improvements, implemented, managed and

sustained by communities

 Increasing community capacity and self-reliance

• Willingness and capacity to finance the future O&M

STRENGTH

• Direct community level procurement reduces project

costs

• Gender equality status improved due to equally shared

responsibilities and continuous gender sensitization

• Provides strong capacity building for communities; user’s

capacity to implement and manage the project activities

• Improvement in health status of the beneficiaries due to

hygiene and sanitation awareness raising

• Commitment for covering O&M and cost recovery
• High budget utilization
• Donor’s interests in providing support to the water

supply in rural areas.

Weaknesses

• Too much of paper works at Woreda Water Office
• No local spare parts suppliers and construction materials

(cement, reinforcement bars) in remote communities

• Inadequate monitoring of water quality
• Longer maintenance time
• Weak WASHCOs in some community
• Though latrine coverage is average 93%, still there is lack of

awareness in personnel hygiene

• Shortage of water in dry season in WPs
• Not efficient monitoring after construction of WPs
• Lack of effective coordination between WUGs and WWT.
• Lack of computerized mapping of water inventory data, there

status and information

Opportunities

• Employment opportunities for the youth and private sectors
• Opportunities for women to take part in development

activities

• CMP approach can be used in other development activities

like micro-irrigation, road construction, watershed management, community forestry, etc

• Opportunities for other donor mainstreaming the CMP

approach for One WASH Program to achieve Universal Access Plan (UAP)

• Look for additional water sources
• Community economic development
• Donors’ will to fund projects focused on rural water supply

system and poverty reduction

• Decentralization of political powers

Threats

• High turnover of staffs in Woreda water offices
• Private sector spares part are not growing as

anticipation

• Increased price of the spares parts
• Over exploitation of groundwater
• Existing infrastructure is not adequate for major or

fast growing development

• Experts or specialists retirement of key personnel

will create void and brain drain if not handled properly

Recommendations



The involvement of micro-enterpreneur and small scale traders can be linked closer for the sustainable implementation and management of water facilities.



Cooperation among the stakeholders is important especially among the WASHCOs and water user groups, as well as technical experts at Kebeles, Woredas and Zonal level.



There has to be good integration between health and water sectors for development of Rural WASH program



Women affairs sectors should be more actively involved for gender equality and empowering women.



There has to be detail feasibility study of the groundwater in the areas where WPs are planned to be constructed.



There has to be equitable distribution of water points among the communities during implementation based on the priority.



There is necessity of additional training and education on cross-cutting issues so that benefit reaches the poor and vulnerable group in community.



The effective mechanism has to be undertaken to strengthen the institutional capacity of woreda water office to ensure it to efficiently manage rural water supply.



Base of pyramid (BOP) approach can be implemented for poverty reduction as an integral part

• f sustainable development of rural water supply system by integrating BoP into corporate

social responsibility thinking.

THANK YOU!!!