Chemicals in Our Bodies: Use of Biomonitoring Data for Policymaking - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Jun 20, 2023 240 likes •376 views

Chemicals in Our Bodies: Use of Biomonitoring Data for Policymaking Dana B. Barr, Ph.D. National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA USA 30341 How can we assess exposure? Source Water,

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Chemicals in Our Bodies: Use of Biomonitoring Data for Policymaking

Dana B. Barr, Ph.D.

National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA USA 30341

SLIDE 2

Water, Air, Food, Soil, Dust, Sediment, Personal Care Products

Distribution

Source

Internal Dose

Inhalation Ingestion Dermal Contact

Target Organ Dose Biologically Effective Dose Absorption following: Metabolism Elimination Elimination Effect Exposure Pharmacodynamic

Processes

How can we assess exposure?

Angerer et al., Toxicol Sci. 93(1):3-10 (2006).

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What is human biomonitoring?

Measuring a chemical, its metabolite or reaction product in human matrices Estimates absorbed dose Does not measure exposure

SLIDE 4

Why is Biomonitoring Important?

Provides information about what chemicals get into people Can provide information on the effectiveness of exposure mitigation efforts Can be used in studies evaluating health effects Can help direct our research priorities May be used to estimate exposure

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History of Biomonitoring

1880s Occupational monitoring 1980s Selected “exposed” population 1990s General population exposures 2000s Large scale studies

– Epidemiologic studies – General population

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Biomonitoring Today

Advances in chemistry techniques have allowed us to measure more chemicals at lower levels For most chemicals, we have an incomplete framework for interpreting the measurements Measurable levels do not mean disease is present or will occur Cannot tell how one was exposed to the chemical Does not provide information on how to reduce exposures

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CDC’s Biomonitoring Program

Currently largest population- based study Human matrices are blood and urine General Population

CDC’s National Reports

n Human Exposure to

Environmental Chemicals Large volume of data Some data are more useful than others: chemical specific www.cdc.gov/exposurereport

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Blood lead levels in US population (1976-2002)

unleaded gasoline introduced 1975 lead paint ban 1976 lead soldered cans, phase-out begins 1978 lead & copper rule 1991 lead soldered cans, phase-out ends 1992 leaded gas removal complete 1991

Year

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Blood lead levels (µg/dL)

Lead used in gasoline (1000 tons)

110

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Serum Cotinine in the US Population (1988-1991)

Serum cotinine (ng/mL)

1 2 3 4 5 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000

ETS exposure (nonsmokers) Smokers

Percentage of the population

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Serum Cotinine (1988-1991)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

Geometric mean serum cotinine (ng/mL)

≥ 2

Number of smokers in the home

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Reduction in Serum Cotinine

68% 75% 69%

1988-1991 1999-2002

0.3

Serum cotinine (ng/mL)

0.2 0.1 4-11 12-19 20-74

Age (years)

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Biomonitoring Usefulness

Useful for chemicals that biologically persist Useful for chemicals to which we are exposed continually or continuously More difficult to use for chemicals to which we are temporally or intermittently exposed More difficult when the chemical we measure is not the parent chemical