Biomonitoring of urban air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biomonitoring of urban air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 13, 2023 416 likes •765 views

Biomonitoring of urban air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using Xanthoria parientina and Petunia hybrida in Bejaia city Dr. Fatima BENAISSA Research Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biomathematics and Scientometrics

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Biomonitoring of urban air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using Xanthoria parientina and Petunia hybrida in Bejaia city

  • Dr. Fatima BENAISSA

Research Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biomathematics and Scientometrics "L3BS" Bejaia University, Algeria. Trieste 27/04/18

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27/04/18 2

Introduction: Context

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Introduction: Context

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Introduction: Context

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Introduction: Context

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Introduction: Context

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have

mutagenic and carcinogenic properties that can seriously threaten human health.

  • Investigations into the levels of PAHs in lichens

have been performed in countries including Portugal, Spain, Poland, Italy and India.

  • Lichens were used to detect road traffic pollution

in few region of Algeria but not in Bejaia.

27/04/18 6

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Introduction: Issue and Objective

  • In this context, this study aimed at testing the

use of Petunia hybrida and Xanthoria parinentina biomonitoring techniques for detecting PAH pollution concentration in Bejaia.

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Plan

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Introduction

  • 1. Effects of HAP in plants
  • 2. Materiels and methods

Stady area Petunia sites Lichens sampling Lichens preparation technique Analytical techniques

  • 3. Results

General overview Comparaison with control Comparaison with reference site Conclusion

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Types of Injuries to Plants

  • Necrosis - killing of leaf cells.
  • Abscission - premature dropping of leaves.
  • Epinasty -down curve of leaf.
  • Chlorosis - color change from chlorophyll

destruction.

  • Acute - sudden, severe visible change.
  • Chronic - gradual change from long-term exposure.
  • Flower dropping and failure of flower to open

properly.

  • Several hours at .01 ppm (Ethylene) caused loss of

buds in tomatoes and peppers.

Effects of HAP in plants

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  • Petunia hybrida

(Ethylene and formaldehyde)

  • Mouss

(Scleropodium purum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Pleurosium schreberi et Hypnumcupressiforme)

  • Dosages in cuticular waxes (cabbages and

needles)

  • Lichens

(Phaeophyscia hispidula, Xanthoria parietina)

PAH biomonitors plants

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2.1.Study area Exposure station

  • 2. Materials and methods

Imdan Control site 35 km east of Bejaia (Rural) 9 urban sites Bejaia (Urban) Taharacht site 60 km West of Bejaia (industriel )

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2.1.Study area

Climatological data comparing several parameters in the Bejaia city

  • 2. Materials and methods

Daily mean Temperature (°C) MRH(%) (km/h) minimal maximal mean 23 March 10 20 15.12 78.33 20.4 30 March 9 20 14.04 72.24 25.9 8 April 12.8 17.6 15.42 84.51 22.2 20 April 15.05 17.15 16.06 64.25 22.2 27 April 16.5 26.4 20.08 75.19 29.6 04 May 13.75 22.5 19.25 80.82 16.7 11 May 17 24 20.17 73.67 25.9 MRH: Mean relative humidity (%) MWS: Max Wind speed(km/h)

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Six-week old 60 Plants of Petunia Hybrida (pots 20cm)

10 Sites 6 weeks: March 23 to Mai 11 2017 10 morphological parameters

Full period 3 ,mes GGP, FlD, NNL GGP, FlD, NNL, NFl At the end of sampling FlD, DW

Plant exposue Statistical analysis

5 parameters (tests de Mann-Whitney) All parameter (ACP) At the end of sampling

  • 2. Materials and methods

2.2.Procedure Petunia hybrida

Number of flowers, Flower diameter, General growth of plants, Leaf size Number of necrosis leaves, Length of the internodes, Number of aborted buttons, Dry weight

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  • 2. Materials and methods

2.3. Lichens sampling strategy

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Datasheet

  • No. of the sample

Geographical coordinates Place Author Altitude Topography

  • No. photo

Station sheltered Open station Exposed station Hygrometry illumination Situation Croquis Ambiance de végétation Artificialisation nature of substrate

  • Diam. cm

pH Exposition N NE E SE S SW W NW Height from from the ground dm Largeur dm Surface dm2 Total cover % Cover of lichens species % Crustacean…………….Foliose……………….Fructicos…………

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  • 2. Materials and methods
  • normes lichens : NF X43-904 (AFNOR) et

pr EN 16413 (CEN)

Sample preparation and analytical techniques

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2.4. Sample preparation technique

  • 2. Materials and methods

Mass lichen sample used 0.6 g Normal Hexane 95% (100ml) Drying in the oven 95°C Desiccator Silica Gel Electrical balance Soxhlet extraction (2hrs) Taking weight Remove solvent using water bath Maximum drying to eliminate moisture

2.5. Analytical techniques chromatography GC-MS analytical technique was used

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Lichens chlorophyll content

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3- Résultats

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Control Urban 1 Urban 2 Industriel 1 Industriel 2

Chlorophyll (µg/g DM)

0.0001 0,0098 0,0105 0,0059 0,072 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Control Urban 1 Urban 2 Industriel 1 Industriel 2

ng/g of DM R=-0,93 HAP and Chlo

Content on HAP

Control 5, 68 µg/g DM 1.27 µg/g DM

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  • 3. Results

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

3.1. General overview General growth of plants

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 23-march 30-March 08-April 12-April 19-April 26-April 04-May 11-May

Growth of plants (cm) Date (2017) Control Id IO Aw Dd Gr Vl TO SA Pt

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  • 3. Results

3.1. General overview Flower Diameter

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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  • 3. Results

3.1. General overview Number of necrosis leaves

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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Sites PM2.5 GP FD NFl NNL M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD

Cont

  • 17.7

1 8,3 0,3 11.2 5.7 0.0 0.0 IO 23.0 9.9 13.2 0.57 5.8 2,3 8.8 4.0 2.2 0.7 Id 28.6 10.8 13.5 0.7 7.6 0,3 10.9 6.6 1.4 1.1 Aw 29.1 9.0 11.3 1.15 5.9 1,4 5.6 4.2 1.3 0.6 Dd 32.9 12.0 10.0 6.08 6.3 3,8 3.5 2.3 1.7 2.0 Vl 40.2 18.1 15.0 5.13 7.1 0,3 10.7 7.7 2.3 0.6 TO 21.9 10.2 12.5 0.7 6.6 0,3 4.2 1.9 0.0 0.0 Ir 30.2 7.3 9.3 5.19 7.2 0,7 11.2 5.9 0.6 0.0 SA 25.3 11.5 17.0 2.08 7.1 0,1 5.7 3.8 0.7 0.0 Pr 26.5 10.9 11 1.41 7.2 0,1 11.2 4.2 0.0 0.0

NFl: number of flowers, M: mean FD: flower diameter, NNL: number of necrosis leaves

  • 3. Results

3.2. Statistical comparison of the average growth rates of the different stations. R=-0.8

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3- Results

*

* * * *

5 10 15 20 25 Control Id TO Aw Dd SA Vl Pt IO Gr

Mean growth (cm) Date (2017)

30-March 19-April 17-May

*Significantly different from control

3.3. Comparison with reference site

Mean growth.

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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3.3. Comparison with reference site

Mean Flower number. p<0,05. (1)

3- Results

* * * *

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Control Id TO Aw Dd SA Vl IO Gr Pt

Mean number of flowers

Station * Significantly different from control

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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3.3. Comparison with reference site

Mean Flower diameter. p<0,05. (1)

* * * *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Contro Id TO Aw Dd SA Vl Pt Gr

Flowers diameter in the end of sampling Station

*: Significativement différent de témoin

  • 3. Results

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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3.Results

3.3. Comparison with reference site Flower diameters (2)

*

* * * *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IO Id TO Aw Dd SA Vl Pt Gr Control

Flower diameters of the petunia plants (cm) Station 30-mars 19-avr 17-mai

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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3.Results

3.3. Comparison with reference site Number of necrosis leaves

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

* * * * * * * *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Control Id TO Aw Dd SA Vl Pt Gr IO

Number of necrosis leafs

Station 23- march 19-april 17-may

*: Significatively different from the control

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3.Results

3.4. Comparison with reference site Dry weights of the petunia plants

Ighil Ouazoug (IO), Ihaddaden (Id), Targa Ouzemour (TO), Aamriw (Aw), Daouadji (Dd), Sidi Ahmed (SA), ville (Vl), port (Pt), Gare routière (Gr)

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  • 3. Results

3.4. Factorial correspondence analysis with 10 measured parameters

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 Dim 1 (34.42%) Dim 2 (21.37%) NFr TFr NFrN TF NFN NFM LEN NBV NBA TMP NR PApS

la tailles moyennes des plants (TMP); le nombre de fleurs (NFr) ; la tailles moyennes des fleurs (TFr); la tailles moyenne des feuilles (TF); le nombre de rameaux (NR); le nombre de feuilles nécrosées (NFN); le poids après séchage (PApS); le nombre de boutons avortés (NBA); la longueur moyenne des entre nœuds (LEN); le nombre de Fleurs nécrosées (NFrN); le nombre de feuilles mortes (NFM);

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3.Results

Projection on the factorial plant of individuals by

  • localization. n=30.
  • 4
  • 2

2

  • 2
  • 1

1 2

Individual factor map

Dim 1 (15.42%) Dim 2 (11.43%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 AAMRIOU DAOUADJI GARE IGHIL IHEDADEN PORT SIDIAHMED TARGA TEMOIN VILLE

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Conclusion

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This work conducted in Bejaia examined the cumulative effect of HAPs on visible leaf damage in petunia plants and on their morphological characteristics. The results show a differenc on the chlorophyll content of Xanthoria parietina. This contribution of biomonitoring taken in Bejaia but it remains that biomonitoring is just complementary to traditional monitoring networks.

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Future perspectives

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Studies in biomonitoring continu in Bejaia but not

  • nly Xanthoria parietina and Petunia hybrida will be

taken as bioindicator plants of HAP. We have recently provided new HAP estimates in

  • thers regions of Kabylia, and analyses are ongoing

for Bouira and Tizi Ouzou.

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n = number of species Q = factor of accompanying species f = cover and frequency of each species 5: Cover >75 4: 50-75 3: 25:50 2: 5-25 1: < 5 +: rare n = number of species m = number of stations where the species of interest is present Sij= equals 1 if speciesi is present at statiojn(and species is not the species ofi nterest

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Quality levels of index of atmospheric purity (IAP)

Level A 0≤ IAP ≤ 12.5 Very high level of pollution Level B 12.5 < IAP ≤ 25 High level of pollution Level C 25 < IAP ≤ 37.5 Moderate level of pollution Level D 37.5 ≤ IAP ≤ 50 Low level of pollution Level E IAP > 50 Very low level of pollution