BIO-METHANE FUELLED PALM OIL OPERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES AND - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Malaysia, April 28-30

BIO-METHANE FUELLED PALM OIL OPERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Indonesia perspective

• M. Ansori Nasution

ansoricca@gmail.com

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• Opportunity of Biomethane Fuelled
• Indonesia Palm Oil mill status
• Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM
• Conducted Research
• CBG (Compress Biogas) for Vehicle Fuel
• CBG as Household Stove Fuel
• Challenges of Bio Methane Fuelled
• Conclusions

OUTLINES

Area: 7.824.623 ha

Source: IOPRI, 2012

Indonesian oil palm in 2014 Plantation area Mature area CPO Production Palm kernel production 10,261,785 ha 7,411,242 ha 29,51 MT 5.7 MT

INDONESIA PALM OIL STATUS

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POMS IN INDONESIA

POMs in Indonesia

Province Total Installed Cap. (Ton FFB/h)

• N. Aceh Darussalam

25 980 North Sumatera 92 3,815 West Sumatera 26 1,645 Riau 140 6,660

• Kep. Riau

1 40 Jambi 42 2,245 South Sumatera 58 3,555

• Kep. Bangka Belitung

16 1,235 Bengkulu 19 990 Lampung 10 375 West Java 1 30 Banten 1 60 West Kalimantan 65 5,475 Central Kalimantan 43 3,100 South Kalimantan 15 770 East Kalimantan 29 1,545 Central Sulawesi 7 590 South Sulawesi 2 150 West Sulawesi 6 260 Southeast Sulawesi 3 260 Papua 3 140 West Papua 4 360 Total 608 34,280

POMs are mainly located in Sumatera (70%) Kalimantan (25 %) & others Located in remote area Indonesia CPO Mills capacity are 30, 45, 60 ton FFB/hr About 5% mills installed with methane capture system

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Typical POMs in Indonesia

POME: Characteristics

Parameter Concentration (mg/L) Limit Element Concentration (mg/L) Oil and grease 4000–6000 25 Potassium 2,270 Biochemical oxygen demand 25,000 100 Magnesium 615 Chemical oxygen demand 50,000 350 Calcium 439 Total solid 40,500 1500 Phosphorus 180 Suspended solids 18,000 250 Iron 46.5 Total volatile solids 34,000 Boron 7.6 Total Nitrogen 750 Zinc 2.3 Ammonicals nitrogen 35 Manganese 2.0 Copper 0.89

Source: Nasution et al. 2009 One of Important point

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POME : Common Treatment

Common POME treatment in Palm Oil Mill : * Dominated by open lagoon technology

• Need large area (3-4 ha per plant)
• High cost for maintenance and social cost
• Requires about 60-90 days for processing before discharged

to watercourses

• Produce methane gas as green house gas that emitted to

atmosphere. * Combination of utilizing POME as fertilizer such as land application and composting, and another treatment such as membrane, chemical coagulation…

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Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM

Certified CPO (RSPO) ELECTRICIT Y CDM (if Exist) Water process reduction

METHANE CAPTURE

REDUCE OPERATIONAL COST OF POND SYSTEM

Social impact or minimize external interference

FERTILIZER VEHICLE FUEL HEAT INVESTATIO N

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SOFT RETURN UTILIZATION OF GASES

Bio-Methane/CBG potency at POM

30 ton FFB/ h 6.2 KLGE/day 45 ton FFB/h 8.7 KLGE/day 60 ton FFB/h 12.4 KLGE/day

Capacity Biomethane (200 bar) POM

*Assumptions: COD = 50,000 ppm 1 kg COD ~ 0,35 M3 methane **1 litre CBG = 0,5 (LGE) litre gasoline equivalent (base on research conducted)

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Indonesia (all POM) 300 KLGE per hour

CBG for Vehicle fuel

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1.

Biogas Production

2.

Biogas Upgrading (CO2, H2S scrubbing)

3.

Bio-methane compression into CBG

converter kit must be installed for gasoline car.

KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN CBG_Hasil Sementara

• 1 litre CBG equals to 0.5 litres gasoline of equivalent
• Power generated using CBG-fueled slightly lower than gasoline especially

at up hill road FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CAR PERFORMANCE

• 2 Ways to decrease greenhouse gases :
• CH4 mitigation is conducted by methane capture in anaerobic digester.
• Emissions reduction by applying CBG in vehicle to replace of gasoline fuel

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

• Only press one Button
• Can change the Fuel (CBG to gasoline or reverse) in running or stop

condition.

• Automatic exchange to gasoline if the pressure low

USER FRIENDLY

Advantages Of CBG as Vehicle Fuel

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TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS PPKS_Pilot Plant

CBG for Household Stove fuel

 Compressing up to 15 bar  The Cylinder dedicated for LPG  Burning time less than 1 hour compared to LPG about 3.5 hours

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CHALLENGES OF BIO METHANE FUELLED

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• Mill owners are still satisfied with the revenue from sale of CPO
• High Investment (reactor, gas engine, biogas upgrading and

compressor)

• Low Economic Revenue (for electricity, presently around IDR 1050

/kwh + IDR 400 if subtitute Diesel fuel)

It is not attractive (especially for mill Owners):

• Not easy/economic to Injected to Natural gas pipeline
• Connection cost and power loss to national grid line (elctricity)
• Dominant vehicle use diesel (converter kit for diesel is high cost and

ratio diesel and biomethane is low).

POM located in Remote Area

• Not yet standardization of technology in Methane capture

Others

CONCLUSION

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• Reducing the use of fossil energy.
• Increasing the amount of labors
• Developing the agricultural sector.
• Reducing dependence on fuel imports.
• Creating friendly environment
• Aplicable for blending with or to replace natural gases

Advantages of Biomethane fuelled from Palm Oil : Methane capture Implementation in POM is still low due to high investment and no obligation to apply this technology

Tha hank k yo you

Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI)

• Jl. B. Katamso No. 51, Medan 20158

Tlp: +62 61 7862477, Fax: +62 61 7862488 homepage: www.iopri.org