Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Malaysia, April 28-30 BIO-METHANE FUELLED PALM OIL OPERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Indonesia perspective M. Ansori Nasution ansoricca@gmail.com 1
OUTLINES • Opportunity of Biomethane Fuelled • Indonesia Palm Oil mill status • Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM • Conducted Research • CBG (Compress Biogas) for Vehicle Fuel • CBG as Household Stove Fuel • Challenges of Bio Methane Fuelled • Conclusions
INDONESIA PALM OIL STATUS Area: 7.824.623 ha Source: IOPRI, 2012 Indonesian oil palm in 2014 Plantation area 10,261,785 ha Mature area 7,411,242 ha CPO Production 29,51 MT Palm kernel production 5.7 MT 3
POMS IN INDONESIA POMs in Indonesia Typical POMs in Indonesia Installed Cap. Province Total (Ton FFB/h) N. Aceh Darussalam 25 980 POMs are mainly located in Sumatera North Sumatera 92 3,815 (70%) Kalimantan (25 %) & others West Sumatera 26 1,645 Riau 140 6,660 Kep. Riau 1 40 Located in remote area Jambi 42 2,245 South Sumatera 58 3,555 Kep. Bangka Belitung 16 1,235 Bengkulu 19 990 Indonesia CPO Mills capacity are 30, Lampung 10 375 45, 60 ton FFB/hr West Java 1 30 Banten 1 60 West Kalimantan 65 5,475 About 5% mills installed with Central Kalimantan 43 3,100 South Kalimantan 15 770 methane capture system East Kalimantan 29 1,545 Central Sulawesi 7 590 South Sulawesi 2 150 West Sulawesi 6 260 Southeast Sulawesi 3 260 Papua 3 140 West Papua 4 360 4 Total 608 34,280
POME: Characteristics Concentration Concentration Parameter Limit Element (mg/L) (mg/L) 4000 – 6000 Oil and grease 25 Potassium 2,270 Biochemical oxygen 25,000 100 Magnesium 615 demand Chemical oxygen demand 50,000 350 Calcium 439 Total solid 40,500 1500 Phosphorus 180 Suspended solids 18,000 250 Iron 46.5 Total volatile solids 34,000 Boron 7.6 Total Nitrogen 750 Zinc 2.3 One of Ammonicals nitrogen 35 Manganese 2.0 Important Copper 0.89 point Source: Nasution et al. 2009 5
POME : Common Treatment Common POME treatment in Palm Oil Mill : * Dominated by open lagoon technology - Need large area (3-4 ha per plant) - High cost for maintenance and social cost - Requires about 60-90 days for processing before discharged to watercourses - Produce methane gas as green house gas that emitted to atmosphere. * Combination of utilizing POME as fertilizer such as land application and composting, and another treatment such as membrane, chemical coagulation… 6
Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM INVESTATIO N SOFT RETURN UTILIZATION OF GASES REDUCE ELECTRICIT OPERATIONAL COST Y OF POND SYSTEM Certified CPO VEHICLE (RSPO) FUEL METHANE Water process reduction HEAT CAPTURE Social impact or minimize external FERTILIZER interference CDM (if Exist) 7
Bio-Methane/CBG potency at POM Biomethane POM Capacity (200 bar) 6.2 30 ton FFB/ h KLGE/day Indonesia 8.7 (all POM) 45 ton FFB/h KLGE/day 300 KLGE per hour 12.4 60 ton FFB/h KLGE/day *Assumptions: COD = 50,000 ppm 1 kg COD ~ 0,35 M 3 methane **1 litre CBG = 0,5 (LGE) litre gasoline equivalent (base on research conducted) 8
CBG for Vehicle fuel Biogas Production 1. Biogas Upgrading (CO 2 , H 2 S scrubbing) 2. Bio-methane compression into CBG 3. converter kit must be installed for gasoline car. 9
KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN CBG_Hasil Sementara Advantages Of CBG as Vehicle Fuel FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CAR PERFORMANCE • 1 litre CBG equals to 0.5 litres gasoline of equivalent • Power generated using CBG-fueled slightly lower than gasoline especially at up hill road ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY • 2 Ways to decrease greenhouse gases : • CH 4 mitigation is conducted by methane capture in anaerobic digester. • Emissions reduction by applying CBG in vehicle to replace of gasoline fuel USER FRIENDLY • Only press one Button • Can change the Fuel (CBG to gasoline or reverse) in running or stop condition . • Automatic exchange to gasoline if the pressure low 10
TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS PPKS_Pilot Plant CBG for Household Stove fuel Compressing up to 15 bar The Cylinder dedicated for LPG Burning time less than 1 hour compared to LPG about 3.5 hours 11
CHALLENGES OF BIO METHANE FUELLED It is not attractive (especially for mill Owners): • Mill owners are still satisfied with the revenue from sale of CPO • High Investment (reactor, gas engine, biogas upgrading and compressor) • Low Economic Revenue (for electricity, presently around IDR 1050 /kwh + IDR 400 if subtitute Diesel fuel) POM located in Remote Area • Not easy/economic to Injected to Natural gas pipeline • Connection cost and power loss to national grid line (elctricity) • Dominant vehicle use diesel (converter kit for diesel is high cost and ratio diesel and biomethane is low). Others • Not yet standardization of technology in Methane capture 12
CONCLUSION Advantages of Biomethane fuelled from Palm Oil : • Reducing the use of fossil energy. • Increasing the amount of labors • Developing the agricultural sector. • Reducing dependence on fuel imports. • Creating friendly environment • Aplicable for blending with or to replace natural gases Methane capture Implementation in POM is still low due to high investment and no obligation to apply this technology 13
Tha hank k yo you Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) Jl. B. Katamso No. 51, Medan 20158 Tlp: +62 61 7862477, Fax: +62 61 7862488 homepage: www.iopri.org
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