[PPT] - Anticipating Geostationary High Spectral Resolution Infrared PowerPoint Presentation

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Anticipating Geostationary High Spectral Resolution Infrared Measurements

Paul Menzel UW/CIMSS Contributions from Bob Aune, Liam Gumley, Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Bill Line, Jason Otkin, Ralph Petersen, Hank Revercomb, Tom Rink, Dave Santek, Tim Schmit, Bill Smith, Nadia Smith, Gary Wade, Elisabeth Weisz

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Geo Sounding introduced in 1980 with the Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 12 Infrared Channels (1 Visible Channel) * NOAA sustained continuity of operational imaging services * NASA conducted the VAS Demonstration funded out of the Operational Satellite Improvement Program (OSIP) by implementing Transparent VAS Operations * Venetian blinding enabled the sounding demonstration (1/3 time share with operational imager, cancelled in RISOP)

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Multispectral Probing of the Atmosphere

The first VAS sounding Smith et al 1981

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Nowcasting with VAS

Hourly Total-Totals Index (degree Centigrade) on 20 July 1981 showed locations of subsequent severe convective storms. Thunderstorms (TRW)

bserved at 21 GMT are

just beginning to appear at 18 GMT.

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Operational GOES Sounder

GOES-I had 18 broad

spectral bands

Transition to FTS

sounder (GHIS) was to

ccur in GOES-L
Seeking balance of

horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolutions

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GOES-12 Sounder – Brightness Temperatures (Radiances) – 12 bands

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Hourly coverage from two GOES- Sounders * radiances 4 to 15 um * clear sky temperature and moisture profiles * cloud amount and height * motion from moisture and cloud features Raob coverage 2x/day * all weather temperature and moisture profiles * wind profiles along ascent path

GOES sounders provide regional coverage every hour

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GOES Sounder derived T(p) & Q(p) in 3-4 km layers

co-located GOES & balloon temperature & moisture soundings: GOES (black) smoothes the atmospheric profile compared to radiosonde (red)

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Improving Depiction and Real-time Providing Predictions

f Moisture Processes using Geo-Sounder
Short-Range Precipitation skill remains poor

in the warm months

Monitoring Moisture is critical,

Predicting Moisture flux is even more important

Need to use both moisture and winds from IRS
Ideally, all IRS observations should be assimilated at full resolution (both spectrally,

spatially and temporally) into storm-scale mesoscale NWP models. This, however, is likely to be very expensive to accomplish, is decades away from completion and may be difficult to do in all member States.

Alternatives tools, developed for GOES and SEVIRI, can be enhanced using IRS

sounding to help fill this information/development gap and provide forecasters with improved guidance tools in real time. Petersen, Aune, Line

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A Lagrangian trajectory model that dynamically projects GOES temperature

and moisture observations forward in time out to 9 hours.

Built around under-utilized satellite moisture observations
Extends the use of GOES moisture data from observations to forecasts and

preserves the GOES data at full resolution without smoothing.

Provides information about the moisture and stability structure of the pre-

convective environment 1-9 hours in advance

This helps us to make predictions about where convection is most likely (and

least likely) to occur.

Long time step (10-15 minutes) => quick run times (~minutes) => little

latency.

–

Equations of motion do not include the highly non-linear advection terms.

Model updates whenever data becomes available (every hour).
Analyzes and forecasts the moisture and stability even after clouds form

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Filling the information Gap: NearCasting Model

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Initial severe convection rapidly

developed in E Nebraska around 22z and moved through NW Iowa before dissipating quickly in NC Iowa. 13

Second round of non-severe convection

developed in southern Minnesota around 02z and moved through central Wisconsin producing widespread heavy rainfall.

April 09, 2011 - Two Types of Convection

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Evolving the Operational GOES Sounder

* GHIS was cancelled * GIFTS was built, but never launched to be a NASA Sounder Demonstration for NOAA * HES feasibility study for GOES-R was deemed too risky * Simulations show hope for approaching Storm Scale Data Requirements

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Local Forecast and Warnings - Storm Scale Requirements

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Anticipating Geostationary High Spectral Resolution Infrared Measurements

Paul Menzel UW/CIMSS Contributions from Bob Aune, Liam Gumley, Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Bill Line, Jason Otkin, Ralph Petersen, Hank Revercomb, Tom Rink, Dave Santek, Tim Schmit, Bill Smith, Nadia Smith, Elisabeth Weisz

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Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Jason Otkin, and Tim Schmit

Red = extreme instability

True GIFTS/HES/IRS ABI/GOES Sounder like Simulated Radar