And what about air quality inside a car? Bas van Bree, Ernie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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And what about air quality inside a car? Bas van Bree, Ernie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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And what about air quality inside a car? Bas van Bree, Ernie Weijers, Rob Rodink, Gerard Kos Themadag VSL Delft, 18 september 2014 www.ecn.nl ECN Milieu Duurzame Leefomgeving Circulaire Economie Meten, modelleren, beleidsadvies: Testen,

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www.ecn.nl

And what about air quality inside a car?

Bas van Bree, Ernie Weijers, Rob Rodink, Gerard Kos Themadag VSL Delft, 18 september 2014

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ECN Milieu

Duurzame Leefomgeving Circulaire Economie Testen, modelleren, beleidsadvies:

  • Advisering veilige toepassing
  • Proces- en productontwikkeling

Meten, modelleren, beleidsadvies:

  • Fijnstof
  • Stikstof
  • VOC’s + SOx + overig gasvormig
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Monitoring stedelijke luchtkwaliteit Eindhoven

Real-time monitoring AiREAS / Innovatief Lucht Meetnet www.aireas.com

  • PM1-PM2,5-PM10 (30 locaties)
  • Ultrafijnstof (6 locaties)
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Air Pollutants

  • Particulate Matter - Lung, potential effects on heart
  • Nitrogen Dioxide -

Lung irritant, ozone contributor

  • Carbon Monoxide - Circulatory system, heart
  • Ozone -

Respiratory system, lung

  • Lead -

Nervous system, brain

  • Diesel Exhaust -

PM contributor, respiratory, cancer

  • Sulfur Dioxide -

Impaired respiratory function, PM contributor

  • Carbon Dioxide -

Climate change

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Background

Driving on busy roads  exposure of car passengers? 9th ETH Conference on Combustion generated Nanoparticles (2009): Jean Morin  “car cabin does not protect from traffic generated pollution” Questions Ministry of Environment:

  • What about vehicle air quality?
  • Influence of ventilation, filtration, recirculation?
  • Exposure in the car’s cabin?
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Experimental setup

Volkswagen Touran

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Experimental setup (2)

Instruments:

  • 2xNOx chemoluminescence (Ecophysics)
  • 2xCondensation Particle Counter (3007 TSI)
  • GPS
  • Inlets at the front (grill) and near driver’s head

Ventilation:

  • Different ventilation modes and recirculation;

windows always closed Traject:

  • Alkmaar City ring, Motorway Alkmaar- Amsterdam

Limitation:

  • Mixing of air in the cabin unknown …
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Ventilation system

Air cabin filter = dust pollen filter no specification of efficiency HVAC system = Integrated Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system

“eliminates most pollutant particles such as fumes, bacteria, pollen and dust that come into your car”

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Day 1: particle number

  • Lower particle numbers inside
  • Correspondence in variation
  • Peak values outside not observed in the cabin
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Day 1: particle number

  • Again: correspondence with what happens outside
  • Delay time visible
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Day 1: particle number

  • Very low numbers inside the car
  • Decoupling inside-outside
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averages and ratios

inside

  • utside

ratio mode no. 2 27828 65358 0,43 mode no. 1 25186 56210 0,45 recirculation 4027 55058 0,07

Levels inside 50-60% lower during ventilation

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Day 2: ratios

Motorway

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NO&NO2 (1-min averages)

  • Ventilation: hardly any change in NO, small time delay;

less correspondence for NO2

  • Recirculation: decoupling
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averages NO and NO2

  • Ventilation: ratio in-vehicle to on-road

close to 1

  • Ring road

NO2 inside

  • utside

ratio mode no. 2 46 59 0,8 mode no. 1 50 55 0,9 recirculation 55 74 0,7 NO inside

  • utside

ratio mode no. 2 321 347 0,9 mode no. 1 221 220 1,0 recirculation 175 264 0,7

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Day 2:

NO inside

  • utside

ratio mode no. 1 365 391 0,9 mode no. 0 314 317 1,0 recirculation 321 354 0,9 NO2 inside

  • utside

ratio mode no. 1 61 55 1,1 mode no. 0 50 51 1,0 recirculation 55 50 1,1

  • Ventilation: ratio in-vehicle to on-road

close to 1

  • Motorway
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Summarizing (1)

Effect of ventilation

  • Particle number concentrations in vehicle air roughly 45% of on-road levels
  • NO/NO2: no clear difference during ventilation

Effect of recirculation

  • Drastic decrease in number concentration in vehicle air (<15% of on road

level)

  • NO/NO2: no difference; steady level?
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Summarizing remarks (2)

Exposure:

  • NO and NO2: similar as on the road
  • Particle number: less but still above urban background while ventilating
  • Car’s cabin does (indeed) not protect against traffic pollution
  • Setting a car’s ventilation system to “recirculate”

is the best way to reduce exposure to particulate pollution

  • But not so effective as cutting back your

driving time …

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We need more ventilation …

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Meer weten?

ECN Environment & Energy Engineering Bas van Bree Business Development Manager Westerduinweg 3 1755 LE Petten The Netherlands T: +31 88 515 4427 M: +31 6 2271 1515 (NL) vanbree@ecn.nl