ANALISYS OF THE COFFEE ROASTING PROCESS UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ANALISYS OF THE COFFEE ROASTING PROCESS UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 22, 2023 152 likes •378 views

D EPT . OF S CIENCES & M ETHODS FOR E NGINEERING U NIV . OF M ODENA & R EGGIO E MILIA H YDRAULIC S YSTEMS D ESIGN R ESEARCH G ROUP ANALISYS OF THE COFFEE ROASTING PROCESS UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING CONDITIONS S. Farina 1 , M. Milani 2 , L.

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SLIDE 1

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA
  • Dept. of Sciences and Methods for Engineering

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy

ANALISYS OF THE COFFEE ROASTING PROCESS UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING CONDITIONS

  • S. Farina1, M. Milani2, L. Montorsi2

1 - Petroncini Impianti S.p.A.

Ferrara, Italy

2 - HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN

RESEARCH GROUP

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SLIDE 2

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

FOCUS OF THE ANALYSIS: COFFEE! GREEN COFFEE ROASTING MACHINE

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SLIDE 3

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

ANALYSIS OF A LARGE-SCALE COFFEE ROASTER

1D-SIMULATION OF THE ENTIRE PLANT THROTTLE VALVES BURNER

Type #1 Type #2

PLENUM

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SLIDE 4

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

ANALYSIS OF A LARGE-SCALE COFFEE ROASTER

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SLIDE 5

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER

STAR-CCM+ v8.05.007

Modeling:

Hot air flow:

OUTLET INLET

  • Ideal gas (air)
  • Coupled energy
  • Turbulent flow (k-ε model)
  • Gravity

Coffee beans:

  • Discrete Element Model (DEM)
  • Constant density
  • Composite particles
  • Energy
  • Two-way coupling

Mesh motion:

  • Rigid body rotation

6 mm

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SLIDE 6

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER

STAR-CCM+ v8.05.007

Boundary conditions:

Drum rotational speed 100 rpm Inlet air temperature 370 °C Coffee mass 15 kg ~150,000 beans Inlet mass flow rate 350 Nm3/h 250 Nm3/h

, ,

in in in

m T 

  • ut

p

Air-bean heat transfer: constant properties of the beans 𝑈𝑗𝑜,𝑑𝑝𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = 300 𝐿 𝑑𝑞,𝑑𝑝𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 = 1.5 𝑙𝐾 𝑙𝑕𝐿

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SLIDE 7

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

Flow rate: 250Nm3/h Flow rate: 350Nm3/h

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Coffee beans’ loading phase:

Frame rate: 1/100th of real speed

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SLIDE 8

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Coffee beans’ loading phase: coffee mass

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SLIDE 9

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: total pressure drop

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SLIDE 10

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

AVERAGE VELOCITY

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: beans’ velocity distribution

ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE

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SLIDE 11

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

AVERAGE VELOCITY ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: beans’ temperature distribution

slide-12
SLIDE 12

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

AVERAGE VELOCITY TIME GRADIENT

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: beans’ temperature distribution

slide-13
SLIDE 13

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

Section view

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: temperature distribution +beans’ temperature

Flow rate: 250Nm3/h Flow rate: 350Nm3/h

Frame rate: 1/100th of real speed

slide-14
SLIDE 14

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

Section view

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: velocity distribution +beans’ velocity

Flow rate: 250Nm3/h Flow rate: 350Nm3/h

Frame rate: 1/100th of real speed

Section view B B A A

B - B B - B A - A A - A

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SLIDE 15

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: influence of blades’ design

BLADE #1 BLADE #2 BLADE #3

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SLIDE 16

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

CFD ANALYSIS OF THE COFFEE ROASTER Results: influence of rotor speed

(~15s) (~15s) 100 rpm (~50Hz) 122 rpm (~60Hz)

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SLIDE 17

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

TEST RIG FOR THE ROASTING DRUM DEVELOPMENT Transparent model: Pilot scale roasting plant:

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SLIDE 18

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

TEST RIG FOR THE ROASTING DRUM DEVELOPMENT

New coffee roaster design

Coffee bean roasting model:

FAST IMAGE THERMOGRAPHY

Optris PI 160 camera

  • spectral range: 7.5 - 13 µm
  • temperature range: -20 °C - 900 °C
  • optical resolution: 160 x 120 pixel
  • picture repetition frequency: 120 Hz
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SLIDE 19

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

NUMERICAL MODEL OF THE AIR-COFFEE HEAT TRANSFER Coffee bean roasting model Lumped parameter approach:

Model features

  • moisture evaporation
  • thermal power obtained from roasting reactions
  • thermal power exchange between air flow and beans
  • thermal power exchange between air flow and drum walls
  • thermal power losses through the case

9 2 2

4.32 10 9889 exp

b b b b

dX X dt d T            

exp

dry

a etot e r b g b etot

H H H Q m A R T H                      

     

/ /

gi gi g gb gi b gb

m c dT dZ h T T dA dZ      

 

gmDi gmDi gmDi gi mD

Q h A T T    

 /

gmC gi amb loss

Q T T R  

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SLIDE 20

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

NUMERICAL MODEL OF THE AIR-COFFEE HEAT TRANSFER Coffee bean roasting model Lumped parameter approach:

To be implemented

  • moisture evaporation

9 2 2

4.32 10 9889 exp

b b b b

dX X dt d T            

exp

dry

a etot e r b g b etot

H H H Q m A R T H                      

CFD

Bean temperature Bean moisture

  • thermal power obtained from roasting reactions

IDEASTORM:

access to the results of the Lagrangian phase through the "Monitors" functions

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SLIDE 21

STAR Global Conference 2014 - Vienna

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

  • DEPT. OF SCIENCES & METHODS FOR ENGINEERING – UNIV. OF MODENA & REGGIO EMILIA

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DESIGN RESEARCH GROUP

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCES AND METHODS FOR ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA

Thank you very much for your kind attention!