SLIDE 1
ABC Webinar at FIU
Concrete Bridges Concrete Bridges William Nickas, P.E. Managing Director, Transportation Systems Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute
SLIDE 2 National Concrete Bridge Council
- American Coal Ash Association
- American Segmental Bridge Institute
- Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
- Expanded Shale, Clay, and Slate Institute
- National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
- Portland Cement Association
- Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute
- Post‐Tensioning Institute
- Slag Cement Association
- Silica Fume Association
- Wire Reinforcement Institute
2
SLIDE 3 OUTLINE
- ABC Doctrine
- State Program and Approaches
- Total System approach
- Super Structures
– PCI BDM
- Sub Structures
- Connections
- Gallery of ABC Bridges
- Industry Partners and Tools
- Gaps/Future Research
SLIDE 4
Doctrine
Definitions and Goals Definitions and Goals
SLIDE 5
Doctrine
– Uniformly deploys ABC strategies across
100’s of bridges and thus lowers costs
– Eliminates contractor and engineers
perceptions of unfair advantage by a few.
– Promotes best practices and thus should yield
acceptable long term results
– Brings a specialty industry into public
procurement process without having every designer go through a learning curve
SLIDE 6 Doctrine
Sample Principles of ABC (A State Def.)
- A process applies to incorporating innovative
technologies, contracting methods, design and construction techniques and/or prefabricated elements and systems, to minimize impacts to the traveling public, local community and environment.
- It maybe implied in the above but some
would add “while not compromising the long term expectations of the asset”
SLIDE 7
Doctrine
Lessons learned are out there BORROW FROM OTHERS Too much emphasis in evaluation methods of traffic delays may over shadow future maintenance costs DURABILITY is a Must in ABC Solutions
SLIDE 8 Doctrine
ABC and Change
- Technical resources may need to be tied to delivery
– Specialty engineer role of the past and future – Update AASHTO Guide Specifications for Temporary Works – Responsibility Chart sample from other presentation – Code requirements at intermediate steps – Guidance documents for code interpretation from industry
- Preapproved repairs
- Personnel Competencies
- Chain of custody
– Fundamentally AASHTO says….
SLIDE 9 Bridge Contractor’s Specialty Engineers are involved with: Crane rigging; falsework, forming, cofferdams, Specialized travel lifts. They also design/inspect/certify: Gantries, Shoring, Stability Towers, etc. AASHTO temporary works Specifies: Safety factor for vertical shoring system shall not be less than 2.5. Hydraulic cylinders and systems will have a minimum safety factor of 2.0. Ratio of resisting moment to
- verturning moment shall be
equal to or greater than 1.2
SLIDE 10 FHWA FHWA OWNER UDOT Prime Contractor Prime Contractor Project / Highway Project / Highway Bridge Sub Bridge Sub-
Contractor Traffic Engr Traffic Engr Specialist Specialist Law Enforce Law Enforce Police / Police / Hwy Patrol Hwy Patrol Designer Designer (EOR Project) (EOR Project) CEI Owner CEI Owner’ ’s s Rep (RE) Rep (RE)
RESPONSI BI LI TI ES RESPONSI BI LI TI ES
Specialty Specialty (HL) (HL) Sub Sub Bridge Bridge Specialty Specialty Engineer Engineer Testing Testing Engr (Const) Engr (Const)
Overall Project Control
Contract compliance
Coordination
Sub-
- Cont. performance
- Cont. performance
- QC (Technical)
QC (Technical)
Contract agreements
Schedule (program)
Expedite work
Progress of work
Reports, records
Invoices, payments Bridge Bridge Engineer Engineer (EOR) (EOR) Geotech Geotech Engr (Des) Engr (Des) Traffic Traffic Engr Engr Design Design
SLIDE 11 FHWA FHWA UDOT Prime Contractor Prime Contractor Project / Highway Project / Highway Bridge Sub Bridge Sub-
Contractor Traffic Engr Traffic Engr Specialist Specialist Law Enforce Law Enforce Police / Police / Hwy Patrol Hwy Patrol Designer Designer (EOR Project) (EOR Project) CEI Owner CEI Owner’ ’s s Rep (RE) Rep (RE)
Testing of: Casting Site Casting Site Travel Travel -
way Const area Const area
Special Expertise
HL/SPMT Assets
HL/SPMT Engineer
RESPONSI BI LI TI ES RESPONSI BI LI TI ES
Construction Engr.
Shop Drawings
False/formwork
Tech coordination
Calculations Specialty Specialty (HL) (HL) Sub Sub Bridge Bridge Specialty Specialty Engineer Engineer Testing Testing Engr (Const) Engr (Const) Bridge Bridge Engineer Engineer (EOR) (EOR) Geotech Geotech Engr (Des) Engr (Des) Traffic Traffic Engr Engr Design Design
Structure Construction
- Knowledge, special skills
Knowledge, special skills
Coordinate with Prime
Coordinate Specialties
Technical expertise
Execute work
Schedule and Progress
Keep records
QC for Structure
Invoices and Payments OWNER
SLIDE 12
State Programs and Approaches
Grouping for Repetition…. Grouping for Repetition….
SLIDE 13
State Programs and Approaches
ABC ABC Missouri &PENN Missouri &PENN DOT Style. .. DOT Style. ..
Data from the Data from the
www.modot.mo.gov/safeandsound www.dot.state.pa.us
SLIDE 14
State Programs and Approaches
SLIDE 15 State Programs and Aproaches
5
17
15
1
1
3
3 TOTAL 554
- Adjacent Core Slab 196
- Adjacent Box Beam 116
- Adjacent CS/BB
45
80
41
23
8
There are 246 Rehabilitations totaling 800 bridges
SLIDE 16 State Programs and Approaches
Under Governor Rendell, PennDOT is aiming to have bids opened on contracts to repair 1,145 structurally deficient bridges by the end of 2010. PennDOT had
- pen bids for 1,145 projects of the 1,145 by September 30, 2010.
…………For the first time in roughly a decade, the number of structurally deficient bridges in the state declined, from 6,034 in 2008 to 5,646 at the end of 2009.
It takes a Committed Executive Leadership to make it happen. Contractors, engineers and industry will always rally
- nce they see a program of the same solution rather than
single usages.
SLIDE 17
State Programs and Approaches More routinely states work to establish: Regional and State Standards; and also work with surrounding states toward Precast Concrete Economical Fabrication (PCEF) Committees
SLIDE 18
System Approach
Total Precast Bridge Systems. Total Precast Bridge Systems. .. ..
SLIDE 19
System Approach
Final Cap Piece
SLIDE 20
System Approach
Modular Bridge Units
SLIDE 21
System Approach
3 of 4 units erected
SLIDE 22
System Approach
Build in Flexibility and forgiveness Tolerances Joint filler materials Closure materials alternates Allow and detail with known approaches for likely items like: miss placed pile lifting loop patching
SLIDE 23
PCI BDM. . PCI BDM. .
Superstructures
SLIDE 24 Photo Gallery
Super Structure
SLIDE 25
PCI BDM Chapter 6
SLIDE 26
PCI BDM Chapter 3
SLIDE 27
PCI BDM Chapter 6
SLIDE 28
PCI BDM Chapter 6
SLIDE 29
PCI BDM Chapter 6
SLIDE 30 Important notes in modeling using FEA
Superstructures
PCI BDM Section 7.5.3 thru 7.5.5 FEA Modeling Guidelines The following guidelines are suggested for refined analysis methods:
- A minimum of 9 nodes per beam span is preferred
- Aspect ratio of finite elements and grid panels should not exceed 5.0 (Note: this
ratio should be reduced to approximately 2.0 for better accuracy)
- Nodal loads s be statically equivalent to the actual point load being applied
- For FEA, relative vertical distances should be maintained between various
elements
- For grillage analysis, composite properties should be used
- St. Venant torsional constant, J, is to be determined rationally
- For grillage analysis, only one-half of the effective flange width of the flexural
section, before transformation, should be used in computing J. In finite element analysis, an element should have membrane capability with sufficient
- discretization. Therefore, a shell element is ideal for modeling the cast-in-place
slab. References: Lehigh University Reports (1968 thru 76) and Chen and Aswad (1996)
SLIDE 31
PCI BDM Chapter 2
SLIDE 32
Transverse Design of Adjacent Box Beam
Spans less than 100 feet five post- tensioned diaphragm units limit differential deflection to less than 0.02 inches (reference: PCI BDM 8.9.3)
Superstructures
SLIDE 33
Box Beam
Superstructures
SLIDE 34
Game changer for ABC Game changer for ABC
Superstructures
SLIDE 35
Latest Trailers Maximum Capacity 340,000 lbs
Superstructures
SLIDE 36
138’ long- 234,000 lbs
Superstructures
SLIDE 37
Wheels Expand to 19 feet wide
Superstructures
SLIDE 38
Accommodating Camber Accommodating Camber in ABC Details in ABC Details
Superstructures
SLIDE 39
Slab Build- up to address Camber
Superstructures
SLIDE 40
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 41
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 42
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 43 NCHRP Report 381 and 2004 Scan Report (FHWA-PL-05-003)
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 44
Double Tee Bridge with transverse PT
Superstructures
SLIDE 45
Superstructures
SLIDE 46
3 Span Structure
Superstructures
SLIDE 47
Pavers and bedding to address Camber
Superstructures
SLIDE 48
Double Tee and Joint Detail Concrete International November 1987
Superstructures
SLIDE 49
Substructures
Edison Bridge Edison Bridge and and South Maple Street South Maple Street
SLIDE 50
Substructures
Column Segment Form
SLIDE 51
Substructures
Photo Inside of Pier Cap
SLIDE 52
Substructures
Pier segment with no. 14 bars
SLIDE 53
Substructures
Column segments in place with cap staged
SLIDE 54 Solutions for every size
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 55
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 56
Connections
ABC Details and Remedies…. ABC Details and Remedies….
SLIDE 57
Underneath a Precast Pile Bent Bridge
Connections
SLIDE 58
Joints…. To hide or to emphasize? Tell the bidder when and how to sealing and/or inject planned and un-planned cracks. Know the materials Plan for field adjustment There is a need to minimize risk and to work with the contractor!
Connections
SLIDE 59
ABC Ideas
SLIDE 60 New Big and Bold ideas…….
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 61 Announcing routine and periodic advancements: New Generation of Beams Pretopped Beams facilitate Deck Placement
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 62
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 63
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 64 Context Sensitive to Historical area
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 65 Simplified forming ideas
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 66 Shell elements
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 67 Community icons
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 68 Game changing events
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 69 Photo Gallery
Improved concepts and details
SLIDE 70 Sliding technologies
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 71
New ABC Series launched
Sample of Future Topics to be covered:
Detailing for flexibility Considerations for placement tolerances to address the accumulation of loading displacement Contractors Measurements To push or to pull Slide or Roll And many more…..
SLIDE 72 C-I-P Connections to bent precast cap
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 73 C-I-P to fill pile void and fill shell of waterline pier cap
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 74 Prefabricated cast seal attached to removable side forms
Photo Gallery
SLIDE 75
Industry Partners and Tools
Where do we go next…. Where do we go next….
SLIDE 76
– Industry Committees and vetting research – Manuals and Standards Development
– Past Successes and lessons learned – Showcases – Training
– Quality Programs and Continuous Improvement – Shape future thru Research
Industry Partners and Tools
SLIDE 77 AISC / PCI (2009)
expands on AASHTO Resolution
essential elements
Quality Program
SLIDE 78
Each of you here are asked to educate your leadership that a creditable certification has a “chain of custody arrangement” back to fundamental “body of knowledge” to facilitate consistent interpretation/deployment and continuous improvement. A checklist is just not good enough.
Please help your Industry partners educate all professionals…..
SLIDE 79 Industry Plant and Personnel Certification Programs
79
SLIDE 80 Appendix D - Adhesive Anchors & Installer Certification
A New ACI 318-11 Requirement
80
SLIDE 81 Specifying Adhesive Anchors
Strongly suggest
presentation on record drawings
Drawings & specs get
separated after the job
Can incorporate info
into specs
81
SLIDE 82
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 83
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 84 Prefabrica
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 85
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 86 Swivel plate connections are very versatile
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 87
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 88 Storage warping
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 89
PCI Handbook Chapter 8
SLIDE 90 Industry Partners and Tools
- 3rd Edition of the BDM as ePub
– Updates in progress – Linked/Searchable ePub – 11 new design examples – Alternate code provisions (losses, shear, transformed)
- SOA on Full Depth Precast Decks
– Concepts and Considerations – Post-Tensioning Concepts – Sample Calculations
SLIDE 91 Ask Dr. Mertz questions: Background to the code? Limit’s to the application? Why the change?
ASPIRE LRFD FEATURE
SLIDE 92
Gaps/Future Research
Where do we go next…. Where do we go next….
SLIDE 93 Gaps/Future Research
- National Design Aids and Go by’s
– Audience Generally Designers and EOR
- Collaborative Specifications and Plans
– Audience Generally Contractor, Subcontractor, Specialty firms, Specialty Engineers
- Collaborative Inspection Aids
– Construction inspection by Contractor’s QC and Department's QA
Use strategies from Past Successes by continuing to press for more:
SLIDE 94
A future Doctrine enhancement European Codification Approach for Durability
From fib Bulletin 34, Model Code for Service Life Design:
1) Full Probabilistic Design 2) Partial Factor Design 3) Deemed-to-Satisfy Design (AASHTO) 4) Avoidance of Deterioration See the ASBI Website for a paper on 100+ year service life by Dr. Rostam it was reprinted with permission in the PCI Journal January-February 2008
SLIDE 95
- Load spectrum for non working joints
- Materials for Adhering a durable fast setting
and inspectable overlay
- Substructure needs aesthetic details and
treatments at element interfaces
- Deck joint criteria for strength and fatigue
Gaps/Future Research
SLIDE 96
- Load Case development for horizontal
Sliding?
- New Materials for Adhering (an overlay) to
MAPC (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Concrete)?
- Aesthetic Details at Joints?
Gaps/Future Research
SLIDE 97
Conclusion Structural Strategies for Durability Material Strategies for Durability Durable ABC Concrete Bridges Design for 100+ ABC Year Life Today
SLIDE 98
ABC Webinar at FIU
Concrete Bridges Concrete Bridges William Nickas, P.E. wnickas@pci.org Managing Director, Transportation Systems Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute
SLIDE 99
Industry Partners and Tools
PCI and ePubs www.pci.org/ epubs
SLIDE 100
Industry Partners and Tools
SLIDE 101 Industry Partners and Tools
- If you have a Promotion Code then
checkout
SLIDE 102 Thanks for attending today
PROMOTION Code: PROMOTION Code: Free SOA Free SOA FDPCBD FDPCBD use use 2pre-cast-call-4pci 2pre-cast-call-4pci Go to www.pci.org/epubs Go to www.pci.org/epubs
- First 100 to use this Promotion Code to
checkout will get a free ePub of the PCI SOA on Full Depth Precast Bridge Decks.
SLIDE 103
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