A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements Part - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements – Part 2

By Vincent W. Greb President, EMC Integrity, Inc.

OVERVIEW

• Compare and contrast military (i.e., MIL-STD) and

commercial EMC immunity test requirements and test methods

• Commercial requirements will be limited to the standard

requirements for Information Technology Equipment (ITE)

• Military requirements will focus on requirements for

Space Systems

• This will be a top-level treatment, as a comprehensive

study would be a one-week short course

• Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) movement of 1990’s

MILITARY EMC

• EMC requirements for military applications have existed

since the 1940s.

• The evolution of military/aerospace EMC requirements

has resulted in numerous standards encompassing for different applications/environments.

• Most military (DoD) procurements require compliance

with MIL-STD-461x, the first version of MIL-STD-461 was published in 1967.

• This document has been revised and/or amended many

times since that time.

• Although the current version of MIL-STD-461 is the “F”

version, this presentation will focus on the “E” version, published on 20 August 1999.

MIL-STD REQUIREMENTS MATRIX*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 27. Equipment and Subsytems Installed Requirement Applicability In, On or Launched From the Following Platforms or Installations CE101 CE102 CE106 CS101 CS103 CS104 CS105 CS109 CS114 CS115 CS116 RE101 RE102 RE103 RS101 RS103 RS105 Surface Ships A L A S S S A L A A A L A A L Submarines A A L A S S S L A L A A A L A A L Aircraft, Army, Including Flight Line A A L A S S S A A A A A L A A L Aircraft, Navy L A L A S S S A A A L A L L A L Aircraft, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A Space Systems, Including Launch Vehicles A L A S S S A A A A L A Ground, Army A L A S S S A A A A L L A Ground, Navy A L A S S S A A A A L A A L Ground, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A

OVERVIEW OF MIL-STD TESTS*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 26.

Requirement Description CE101 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz CE106 Conducted Emissions, Antenna Terminal, 10 kHz to 40 GHz CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz CS103 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Intermodulation, 15 kHz to 10 GHz CS104 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Rejection of Undesired Signals, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS105 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Cross-Modulation, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS109 Conducted Susceptibility, Structure Current, 60 Hz to 100 kHz CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz CS115 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables and Power Leads, 10 kHz to 100 MHz RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz RE103 Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs, 10 kHz to 40 GHz RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz RS105 Radiated Susceptibility, Transient Electromagnetic Field

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC IMMUNITY TESTS (ITE)

Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests IEC 61000-4-11 Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-8 Testing and measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields IEC 61000-4-6 Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-5 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-4 Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-3 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-2 (Product Family Standard) Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits and Methods of Measurement EN 55024: 1998 + A1: 2001 + A2: 2003 Description Requirement

IMMUNITY (SUSCEPTIBILITY) COMPARISON

No commercial equivalent CS101 Voltage dips and interruptions No 461E equivalent Power frequency H-field immunity RS101 (Note 1) Surge immunity CS116 (loosely) Electrical fast transient CS115 Conducted RF immunity CS114 Radiated RF immunity RS103 Electrostatic discharge No 461E equivalent Commercial (EN 55024) Military (461E)

Note 1: RS101 is not required for the space environment

Electrostatic Discharge Testing

• Test levels specified by 55024; test method

defined in 61000-4-2

• No 461 equivalent – although MIL-STD-1541A

does outline an indirect discharge test.

• Human body model defined by -4-2 is 150 pF

capacitor and a 330 ohm resistor.

• Standard provides for direct (air and contact)

discharge as well as indirect discharge testing.

• Test levels: +/- 4 kV contact; +/- 8 kV air.
• Contact applicable to conductive surfaces.
• Air applicable to non-conductive surfaces.

IEC 61000-4-2 Contact Waveform

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-2, Edition 2.0, 2008-12, p. 13.

Setup for ESD Test (Table Top)

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-2, Edition 2.0, 2008-12, p. 17.

Comparison: Radiated RF Immunity

3 seconds (min) 3 seconds (min) Dwell Time IEC 61000-4-3 RS103 Test Method Playback generated from 16-point field uniformity calibration Real-time feedback Notable differences 1 kHz AM sine 1 kHz Pulse Mod. Modulation 1% (for entire range) See table (next slide) Step Size 3 V/m 20 V/m Field Strength 80 MHz to 1 GHz 2 MHz to 40 GHz Frequency Range

EN 55024 MIL-STD-461E Parameter

Step Sizes Defined by MIL-STD-461E

0.05% 8 GHz to 40 GHz 0.1% 1 GHz to 8 GHz 0.5% 30 MHz to 1 GHz 1% 1 MHz to 30 MHz 5% 30 Hz to 1 MHz Step Size (%) Frequency Range

Test Setup for RS103

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 129.

Field Strength for 461E

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 127.

Test Setup for Radiated RF Immunity

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-3, Edition 3.1, 2008-04, p. 49.

Uniform Field of 61000-4-3

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-3, Edition 3.1, 2008-04, p. 53.

Comparison of Field Strengths

5 10 15 20 25 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Frequency (MHz) Field Strength (V/m) 461E - Space IEC 61000-4-3 for IT

Comparison: Conducted RF Immunity

IEC 61000-4-6 CS114 Test Method

CDN, EM Clamp, then BCI method Playback generated from

• cal. into 150 ohm system

Run to playback, allowed to limit on current Bulk current injection (BCI) method Playback generated from calibration into 50 ohm system Run to playback, limit on current Notable differences

1 kHz AM sine 1 kHz Pulse Mod. Modulation 1% (for entire range) See table (Slide #12) Step Size 3 Vrms See Curve #3 Injected Level 150 kHz to 80 MHz 10 kHz to 200 MHz Frequency Range

EN 55024 MIL-STD-461E Parameter

461E Injection Levels

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 68

CS114 Pre-test Calibration

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 70

CS114 Cal Schematic

50 ohm(1) 50 ohm

Injection Point

Notes

• 1. Spectrum Analyzer Input
• 2. Injection level specified as current through 50 ohms.
• 3. Injection level set as specified current across 50 ohms (S/A), as

measured by forward power port of directional coupler.

• 4. Limit on current (whichever is less stringent).

CS114 Test Setup

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 71

CI Calibration – General Setup

100 ohm 100 ohm 50 ohm(1) 50 ohm

Injection Point

Notes

• 1. Spectrum Analyzer Input
• 2. Injection level specified as Uo / 6.
• 3. Current limit set as Uo / 150.

Conducted RF Immunity Test Setup

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-6, Edition 3.0, 2008-10, p. 23

Comparison of Injection Levels

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency (MHz) Amplitude (dBuA) 461E - Curve #3 IEC 61000-4-6 for IT

Comparison: CS115 to EFT/B

IEC 61000-4-4 CS115 Test Method

Capacitive injection method Pulse train BCI injection method 30 Hz repetition rate Setup similar to CS114 Notable differences

1 kV (O.C.V) – AC 0.5 kV (O.C.V) – I/O 5 Amps (peak) Test Level Capacitive Inductive Injection Type Repetitive Pulse Train Repetitive Pulse Waveform

EN 55024 MIL-STD-461E Parameter

CS115 Test Setup

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 77

CS115 Waveform

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 75

IEC 61000-4-4 Test Setup

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 45

IEC 61000-4-4 Pulse Train

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 41

IEC 61000-4-4 Waveform

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 42

Comparison: CS116 to Surge

IEC 61000-4-5 CS116 Test Method

Capacitive injection method 1 pulse per minute BCI injection method 1 pps repetition rate Setup similar to CS114 Notable differences + 2 kV – AC (CM) + 1 kV – AC (DM) 5 Amps (peak) – AF (10 A for Army & Navy)

Test Level Capacitive Inductive Injection Type Quasi-triangular pulse Damped Sine - discrete frequencies from 10 kHz to 100 MHz Waveform

EN 55024 MIL-STD-461E Parameter

CS116 Test Setup

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 84

CS116 Waveform

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 81

IEC 61000-4-5 Injection (DM)

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-5, 2nd Edition, 2005-11, p. 37

IEC 61000-4-5 Injection (CM)

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-5, 2nd Edition, 2005-11, p. 38

IEC 61000-4-5 Waveform

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-5, 2nd Edition, 2005-11, p. 29

IEC 61000-4-8 Overview

• Power frequency magnetic field immunity
• Designed to demonstrate immunity of products

to low frequency (50 & 60 Hz) magnetic field

• Specifies methods for both immersion and

proximity (immersion preferred).

• Current version is 2nd Edition, 2009-09.
• MIL-STD-461E equivalent is RS101 which is a

proximity method test covering the frequency range from 30 Hz to 100 kHz.

IEC 61000-4-8 Test Setup

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-8, 2nd Edition, 2009-09, p. 19

IEC 61000-4-11 Overview

• Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage

variations

• Applies to electronic equipment not exceeding

16 Amps per phase

• Designed to demonstrate robustness when unit

under test experiences fluctuations in AC input voltage

• Based on IEC 61000-4-11
• Current version is 2nd Edition, 2004-03
• MIL-STD equivalent would be MIL-STD-704

Example of 61000-4-11 Variation

*Ref. IEC 61000-4-11, 2nd Edition, 2004-03, p. 19

CS101 Overview

• Audio (i.e., low) frequency conducted

susceptibility test

• Applicable to DC (and AC) power inputs
• Frequency range typically 30 Hz to 150 kHz
• Inductively coupled
• Swept frequency or step and dwell
• Level on voltage; limit on power
• No commercial equivalent

CS101 Pre-test Calibration

Signal Generator LF Amplifier Coupling Transformer Oscillosope

0.5 ohm

CS101 Test Setup

Conclusions

• Not a lot of similarity between commercial

and MIL-STD immunity.

• MIL-STD typically impinges higher

amplitude across a broader frequency range

• MIL-STD for space environment clearly

designed for space.

• Commercial IT immunity clearly defined for

earth-bound environment.