A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements Part - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements – Part 1

By Vincent W. Greb President, EMC Integrity, Inc.

OVERVIEW

• Compare and contrast military (i.e., MIL-STD) and

commercial EMC test requirements and test methods

• Commercial requirements will be limited to the standard

requirements for Information Technology Equipment (ITE)

• Military requirements will focus on requirements for

Space Systems

• This will be a top-level treatment, as a comprehensive

study would be a one-week short course

• Further research…“Introduction to the Control of

Electromagnetic Interference” by Ken Javor (EMC Compliance) provides an excellent, comprehensive history of commercial and military EMI/EMC

MILITARY EMC

• EMC requirements for military applications have existed

since the 1940s.

• The evolution of military/aerospace EMC requirements

has resulted in numerous standards encompassing for different applications/environments.

• Most military (DoD) procurements require compliance

with MIL-STD-461x, the first version of MIL-STD-461 was published in 1967.

• This document has been revised and/or amended many

times since that time.

• Although the current version of MIL-STD-461 is the “F”

version, this presentation will focus on the “E” version, published on 20 August 1999.

MIL-STD REQUIREMENTS MATRIX*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 27.

Equipment and Subsytems Installed Requirement Applicability In, On or Launched From the Following Platforms or Installations CE101 CE102 CE106 CS101 CS103 CS104 CS105 CS109 CS114 CS115 CS116 RE101 RE102 RE103 RS101 RS103 RS105 Surface Ships A L A S S S A L A A A L A A L Submarines A A L A S S S L A L A A A L A A L Aircraft, Army, Including Flight Line A A L A S S S A A A A A L A A L Aircraft, Navy L A L A S S S A A A L A L L A L Aircraft, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A Space Systems, Including Launch Vehicles A L A S S S A A A A L A Ground, Army A L A S S S A A A A L L A Ground, Navy A L A S S S A A A A L A A L Ground, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A

OVERVIEW OF MIL-STD TESTS*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 26.

Requirement Description CE101 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz CE106 Conducted Emissions, Antenna Terminal, 10 kHz to 40 GHz CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz CS103 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Intermodulation, 15 kHz to 10 GHz CS104 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Rejection of Undesired Signals, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS105 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Cross-Modulation, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS109 Conducted Susceptibility, Structure Current, 60 Hz to 100 kHz CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz CS115 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables and Power Leads, 10 kHz to 100 MHz RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz RE103 Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs, 10 kHz to 40 GHz RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz RS105 Radiated Susceptibility, Transient Electromagnetic Field

COMMERCIAL EMC

• Commercial EMC requirements were established in the

late 1970s.

• Initial commercial standards dealt with electromagnetic

emissions

• Immunity standards came into being in the mid-1980s as

IEC documents.

• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) deals

with controlling EM emissions from digital devices under CFR 47, FCC Part 15, Subpart B.

• The European Union deals with both electromagnetic

emissions and immunity of electronic devices through the EMC Directive, the Medical Device Directive, etc. as well as numerous “European Normative” (EN) standards.

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC EMISSION TESTS (ITE)

AC Power Line Flicker EN 61000-3-3 AC Power Line Harmonics EN 61000-3-2 Conducted emissions on telecomm ports, 150 kHz to 30 MHz EN 55022: 2006 Conducted emissions on AC mains, 150 kHz to 30 MHz EN 55022: 2006 Radiated electric field emissions, 30 MHz to 1 GHz EN 55022: 2006 Description Requirement

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC IMMUNITY TESTS (ITE)

Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests IEC 61000-4-11 Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-8 Testing and measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields IEC 61000-4-6 Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-5 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-4 Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-3 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-2 Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits and Methods of Measurement EN 55024: 1998 + A1: 2001 + A2: 2003 Description Requirement

EMISSIONS COMPARISON

AC Power Line Flicker No 461E equivalent AC Power Line Harmonics No 461E equivalent Conducted emissions on telecomm ports, 150 kHz to 30 MHz No 461E equivalent Conducted emissions on AC mains, 150 kHz to 30 MHz Conducted emissions, 10 kHz to 10 MHz Radiated electric field emissions, 30 MHz to 1 GHz Radiated E-field Emissions, 10 kHz to 40 GHz Commercial (EN 55022) Military (461E)

IMMUNITY (SUSCEPTIBILITY) COMPARISON

Voltage dips and interruptions No 461E equivalent Power frequency H-field immunity RS101 (Note 1) Conducted RF immunity CS114 Surge immunity CS116 (loosely) Electrical fast transient CS115 Radiated RF immunity RS103 Electrostatic discharge No 461E equivalent Commercial (EN 55022) Military (461E)

Note 1: RS101 is not required for the space environment

COMPARISON OF CONDUCTED EMISSIONS (POWER)

• Both standards are given in terms of voltage and are made using a

50 Ω/50 uH Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN).

• The LISNs are not interchangeable.
• Commercial limits are given in terms of Class B environments

(“domestic”) and Class A environments (everywhere else, i.e., office, commercial, industrial).

• Each class of commercial limit is further broken down into a “quasi-

peak” or “QP” and an “average” limit

• MIL-STD-461E limits are given as a basic curve for 28 V (AC or DC)

applications, with various levels of relaxation for higher voltages

• MIL-STD uses a “peak” detector, a single limit and specified

bandwidths and sweep times, which are dependent on frequency.

• MIL-STD provides for a pre-test verification.

MIL-STD-461E LISN*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 23.

To EUT To 50 Termination Or 50 Input Of Measurement Receiver Ω Ω To Power Source Signal Output Port 5 Ω 1k Ω 50 µH 8 µF 0.25 µF To EUT To 50 Termination Or 50 Input Of Measurement Receiver Ω Ω To Power Source Signal Output Port 5 Ω 1k Ω 50 µH 8 µF 0.25 µF

COMMERCIAL (ANSI C63.4) LISN*

*Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 10.

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR MIL-STD-461E

MIL-STD-461E (Basic) MIL-STD-461E (115 V) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (MHz) Amplitude (dBuV) MIL-STD-461E (Basic) MIL-STD-461E (115 V)

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR EN 55022, CLASS B

EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (MHz) Amplitude (dBuV) EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave)

COMPARISON OF CE LIMITS

MIL-STD-461E (115 V) EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave) 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 MIL-STD-461E (115 V) EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave)

RADIATED EMISSIONS METHODOLOGY - COMMERCIAL

• Standard is given in terms of field strength (dBuV/m).
• Commercial limits are specified for a distance of 10 meters.
• Site can be either semi-anechoic or open area, but must meet

normalize site attenuation requirements specified by ANSI C63.4: 2003.

• Exploratory measurements are taken for different azimuth position

and antenna heights.

• Positional maximization, QP and cable maximization are performed.
• Quasi-peak measurements are taken for highest six signals.
• Final measurements are tabular; show azimuth position, antenna

height and polarization

COMMERCIAL TEST SETUP FOR TABLE TOP EQUIPMENT*

*Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 37.

Overview of Commercial RE*

*Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 18.

MIL-STD TEST SETUP FOR TABLE TOP EQUIPMENT*

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 19.

Basic MIL-STD RE Setup*

Signal Generator Path for System Check

TEST SETUP BOUNDARY

Path for Measurement Measurement Receiver Data Recording Device Shielded Enclosure Antenna Coaxial Cable

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 99.

Antenna Positioning for MIL-STD*

1 m

ROD BICONICAL DOUBLE RIDGE HORN

Test Setup Boundary Bonding Strap Test Setup Boundary Test Setup Boundary Ground Plane Counterpoise Ground Plane Floor 120 cm 80-90 cm 80-90 cm Floor 120 cm Floor 80-90 cm Bonding Strap for Non-Conductive Tables Ground Plane or Non-Conductive Table

*Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 100.

RADIATED EMISSIONS METHODOLOGY – MIL-STD

• Standard is given in terms of field strength

(dBuV/m).

• MIL-STD-461E limits are specified for a distance
• f 1 meter.
• Site must be semi-anechoic chamber.
• MIL-STD uses a “peak” detector, a single limit

and specified bandwidths and sweep times, which are dependent on frequency.

• MIL-STD provides for a pre-test verification.

MIL-STD-461E RADIATED EMISSIONS LIMIT

MIL-STD-461E 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 MIL-STD-461E

EN 55022 CLASS B RADIATED EMISSIONS LIMIT

EN 55022 Class B 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10 100 1000 10000 EN 55022 Class B

COMPARISON OF RE LIMITS

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 MIL-STD-461E EN 55022 Class B (1 m)

Conclusions

• While there are a number of similarities between

commercial and MIL-STD conducted emissions, the there are some significant differences.

• Far fewer similarities exist between commercial

and MIL-STD radiated emission tests.

• No MIL-STD equivalent for the commercial

conducted emission requirement on telecom.

• No MIL-STD equivalent for the commercial

harmonics and flicker testing.