A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements Part - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements – Part 1 By Vincent W. Greb President, EMC Integrity, Inc.

OVERVIEW • Compare and contrast military (i.e., MIL-STD) and commercial EMC test requirements and test methods • Commercial requirements will be limited to the standard requirements for Information Technology Equipment (ITE) • Military requirements will focus on requirements for Space Systems • This will be a top-level treatment, as a comprehensive study would be a one-week short course • Further research…“ Introduction to the Control of Electromagnetic Interference ” by Ken Javor (EMC Compliance) provides an excellent, comprehensive history of commercial and military EMI/EMC

MILITARY EMC • EMC requirements for military applications have existed since the 1940s. • The evolution of military/aerospace EMC requirements has resulted in numerous standards encompassing for different applications/environments. • Most military (DoD) procurements require compliance with MIL-STD-461x, the first version of MIL-STD-461 was published in 1967. • This document has been revised and/or amended many times since that time. • Although the current version of MIL-STD-461 is the “F” version, this presentation will focus on the “E” version, published on 20 August 1999.

MIL-STD REQUIREMENTS MATRIX* Equipment and Subsytems Installed Requirement Applicability In, On or Launched From the CE101 CE102 CE106 CS101 CS103 CS104 CS105 CS109 CS114 CS115 CS116 RE101 RE102 RE103 RS101 RS103 RS105 Following Platforms or Installations Surface Ships A L A S S S A L A A A L A A L Submarines A A L A S S S L A L A A A L A A L Aircraft, Army, Including Flight Line A A L A S S S A A A A A L A A L Aircraft, Navy L A L A S S S A A A L A L L A L Aircraft, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A Space Systems, Including Launch A L A S S S A A A A L A Vehicles Ground, Army A L A S S S A A A A L L A Ground, Navy A L A S S S A A A A L A A L Ground, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 27.

OVERVIEW OF MIL-STD TESTS* Requirement Description CE101 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz CE106 Conducted Emissions, Antenna Terminal, 10 kHz to 40 GHz CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz CS103 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Intermodulation, 15 kHz to 10 GHz CS104 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Rejection of Undesired Signals, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS105 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Cross-Modulation, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS109 Conducted Susceptibility, Structure Current, 60 Hz to 100 kHz CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz CS115 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables and Power Leads, 10 kHz to 100 MHz RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz RE103 Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs, 10 kHz to 40 GHz RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz RS105 Radiated Susceptibility, Transient Electromagnetic Field *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 26.

COMMERCIAL EMC • Commercial EMC requirements were established in the late 1970s. • Initial commercial standards dealt with electromagnetic emissions • Immunity standards came into being in the mid-1980s as IEC documents. • The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) deals with controlling EM emissions from digital devices under CFR 47, FCC Part 15, Subpart B. • The European Union deals with both electromagnetic emissions and immunity of electronic devices through the EMC Directive, the Medical Device Directive, etc. as well as numerous “European Normative” (EN) standards.

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC EMISSION TESTS (ITE) Requirement Description EN 55022: 2006 Radiated electric field emissions, 30 MHz to 1 GHz EN 55022: 2006 Conducted emissions on AC mains, 150 kHz to 30 MHz EN 55022: 2006 Conducted emissions on telecomm ports, 150 kHz to 30 MHz EN 61000-3-2 AC Power Line Harmonics EN 61000-3-3 AC Power Line Flicker

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC IMMUNITY TESTS (ITE) Requirement Description EN 55024: 1998 + A1: Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits and Methods of 2001 + A2: 2003 Measurement IEC 61000-4-2 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3 Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-4 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5 Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6 Testing and measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8 Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-11 Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests

EMISSIONS COMPARISON Military (461E) Commercial (EN 55022) Radiated E-field Emissions, Radiated electric field emissions, 30 MHz to 1 GHz 10 kHz to 40 GHz Conducted emissions, Conducted emissions on AC mains, 150 kHz to 30 MHz 10 kHz to 10 MHz No 461E equivalent Conducted emissions on telecomm ports, 150 kHz to 30 MHz No 461E equivalent AC Power Line Harmonics No 461E equivalent AC Power Line Flicker

IMMUNITY (SUSCEPTIBILITY) COMPARISON Military (461E) Commercial (EN 55022) No 461E equivalent Electrostatic discharge RS103 Radiated RF immunity CS115 Electrical fast transient CS116 (loosely) Surge immunity CS114 Conducted RF immunity RS101 (Note 1) Power frequency H-field immunity No 461E equivalent Voltage dips and interruptions Note 1: RS101 is not required for the space environment

COMPARISON OF CONDUCTED EMISSIONS (POWER) • Both standards are given in terms of voltage and are made using a 50 Ω /50 uH Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN). • The LISNs are not interchangeable. • Commercial limits are given in terms of Class B environments (“domestic”) and Class A environments (everywhere else, i.e., office, commercial, industrial). • Each class of commercial limit is further broken down into a “quasi- peak” or “QP” and an “average” limit • MIL-STD-461E limits are given as a basic curve for 28 V (AC or DC) applications, with various levels of relaxation for higher voltages • MIL-STD uses a “peak” detector, a single limit and specified bandwidths and sweep times, which are dependent on frequency. • MIL-STD provides for a pre-test verification.

MIL-STD-461E LISN* 50 µ H To 50 µ H Power To EUT To Source Power To EUT Source 8 µ F 0.25 µ F 8 µ F 0.25 µ F Ω To 50 Termination Ω Ω To 50 Termination Or 50 Input Of Measurement Ω Or 50 Input Of Receiver Measurement Receiver 5 Ω 1k Ω 5 Ω 1k Ω Signal Output Signal Output Port Port *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 23.

COMMERCIAL (ANSI C63.4) LISN* *Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 10.

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR MIL-STD-461E 110 100 90 Amplitude (dBuV) 80 70 MIL-STD-461E (115 V) 60 MIL-STD-461E (Basic) 50 40 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (MHz) MIL-STD-461E (Basic) MIL-STD-461E (115 V)

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS LIMITS FOR EN 55022, CLASS B 110 100 90 Amplitude (dBuV) 80 EN 55022 Class B (QP) 70 EN 55022 Class B (Ave) 60 50 40 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (MHz) EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave)

COMPARISON OF CE LIMITS 110 100 90 80 EN 55022 Class B (QP) 70 MIL-STD-461E (115 V) 60 EN 55022 Class B (Ave) 50 40 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 MIL-STD-461E (115 V) EN 55022 Class B (QP) EN 55022 Class B (Ave)

RADIATED EMISSIONS METHODOLOGY - COMMERCIAL • Standard is given in terms of field strength (dBuV/m). • Commercial limits are specified for a distance of 10 meters . • Site can be either semi-anechoic or open area, but must meet normalize site attenuation requirements specified by ANSI C63.4: 2003. • Exploratory measurements are taken for different azimuth position and antenna heights. • Positional maximization, QP and cable maximization are performed. • Quasi-peak measurements are taken for highest six signals. • Final measurements are tabular; show azimuth position, antenna height and polarization

COMMERCIAL TEST SETUP FOR TABLE TOP EQUIPMENT* *Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 37.

Overview of Commercial RE* *Ref. ANSI C63.4: 2003, p. 18.

MIL-STD TEST SETUP FOR TABLE TOP EQUIPMENT* *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 19.

Basic MIL-STD RE Setup* TEST SETUP BOUNDARY Antenna Path for Measurement Signal Generator Path for System Check Shielded Enclosure Coaxial Cable Measurement Receiver Data Recording Device *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 99.