Wetlands in Resource Oriented, Small Sanitation Systems Dr. Fabio - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Role of Treatment Wetlands in Resource Oriented, Small Sanitation Systems

• Dr. Fabio Masi, PhD

CW systems: a complex equilibrium

Molle (2012)

1950’ties: Dr Käthe Seidel

Wetland plants are capable of removing large quantities of inorganic and organic substances from polluted water 1970ties: Prof. Dr. R. Kickuth: WurzelRaumEntzorgung = The Root Zone Method

(Stefanakis, 2014)

(Stefanakis et al., 2014)

Basic configurations

(HEADLEY & FONDER, 2010)

Several thousands CW systems in

• peration around the world

Application Fields 1

POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of:

• domestic WW
• municipal WW

Application Fields 2

POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of:

• domestic WW
• municipal WW
• industrial WW

Application Fields 3

POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Secondary treatment of :

• domestic
• municipal
• industrial
• Tertiary treatment as polishing stage in conventional

treatments plants

Application Fields 4

DIFFUSE POLLUTION: Agricultural Runoff Urban Runoff Highway Runoff Airports Runoff Polluted Surface Waters and Growndwaters

Application Fields 5

PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS:

• Landfill leachate
• Sludge dewatering and mineralisation

2 1 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 5 5 8

Distribu 1 Vertical- 2 Subsurfa 3

Creative Design

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Source: GIZ - SuSaNa

Source: flores.unu.edu

In a circular, sustainable water management Constructed Wetlands will play a key role, even more than presently. Given the predicted modifications of the entire water management some adaptations will be necessary, requesting research and development of new types and new applications of wetlands:

• as effective effluent factories,
• in urban landscaping, including plants choice,
• integration into buildings,
• hygienisation of water and breakdown of organic trace

pollutants.

S a l y c i l i c a c i d I b u p r

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e n O H

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e n C A

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b u p r

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e n D i c l

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e n a c C a f f e i n e C a r b a m a z e p i n e M e t h y l d i h y d r

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a s m

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a t e H y d r

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i n n a m i c a c i d O x y b e n z

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i d e T

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a l i d e Removal efficiency (%) 20 40 60 80 100

HFCW (0.5 m) VFCW SFCW

91% 88% 65% CW configuration

VFCW SFCW HFCW

• CWs working under aerobic conditions are more efficient.
• SFCW configuration is the most efficient due to the
• ccurrence of different removal processes (biodegradation,

adsorption and photodegradation)

Use of CWs for wastewater treatment

Use of CWs for water reuse

SFCW vs. conventional tertiary treatment (Spain)

benzothiazole hydrocinnamic acid dimethyl phthalate cashmeran ibuprofen benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- tributyl phosphate methyl dihydrojasmonate celestolide tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate diazinone caffeine galaxolide tonalide terbutrin carbamazepine naproxen Oxybenzone triclosan ketoprofen diclofenac furosemide

Removal efficiency (%)

20 40 60 80 100

vs. (75%) (30%) Natural

Convencional

Matamoros, V., Salvadó, V. 2013 Journal of Environmental Management, 117, pp. 96-102.. Matamoros, V., et al. 2012 Bioresource Technology, 104, pp. 243-249.

Empuriabrava WWTP. 35,000 PE Polishing ponds+ SFCW (HRT=7-15 days) Blanes WWTP. 110,000 PE Flocculation, lamella clarifier, sand filter, UV reactor, chlorination (HRT=6-8 h) Total surface area = 7 ha

Galaxolide Carbamazepine Caffeine Tonalide Ketoprofen Oxybenzone Methyl dihydrojasmonate Diclofenac Dimethyl phthalate Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Furosemide Cashmeran Naproxen Terbutrin Benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- Ibuprofen Benzothiazole Tributyl phosphate p-tert-Octylphenol Triclosan Diazinone Celestolide Bisphenol A

Concentration (ng/L)

200 400 600 800 Galaxolide Carbamazepine Caffeine Tonalide Ketoprofen Oxybenzone Methyl dihydrojasmonate Diclofenac Dimethyl phthalate Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Furosemide Cashmeran Naproxen Terbutrin Benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)- Ibuprofen Benzothiazole Tributyl phosphate p-tert-Octylphenol Triclosan Diazinone Celestolide Bisphenol A

Concentration (ng/L)

200 400 600 800

WWTP effluent Recharge basin (CW)-Extraction well >90% attenuation

Matamoros V, Salvadó V (2013). J. Environ. Manage. 117, 96-102

Use of CWs for aquifer recharge

• The attenuation of CEC in CWs depends on different factors (CW configuration, clogging,

surface area, presence of plants, seasonality, sorption material…).

• The use of Hybrid CWs improves attenution of CEC from wastewater
• CWs used as tertiary treatment technology are able to remove CEC more efficiently than

conventional tertiary systems

• Reed bed sludge systems, restored wetlands, recharge basins and buffer strips are useful

for attenuating the discharge of CEC into the aquatic environment.

• The presence of vegetation enhances the attenuation of CEC.

The new approach needs multi-disciplinary approach, i.e. the readiness for cooperation:

• reuse of nutrients needs the contribution of

agronomists,

• integration in and on houses is a task with architects

and interior designers,

• urban planners and traffic experts need to work at

urban fabric integration,

• climatologists have to prove the benefits in terms of

heat island mitigation,

• biodiversity optimisation with habitat and species

biodiversity experts,

• economic feasibility and benefits,
• sociologists have to prepare the field for acceptance

and provide participatory planning approaches.

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WATER SAVING – GREYWATER RECYCLING

GREEN WALLS ROOF WETLANDS INDOOR TWs

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission: l«Living Machine» John Deere tractor factory, Mannheim, Germany Tarragona, Tabacalera: post-treatment + reuse for gardening Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (PUNE) VERTICAL GARDEN FOR GW TREATMENT, FP7 Nawatech

Treatment and reuse of parking lots runoff and domestic greywater

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems / Water Sensitive Urban Design / Blue Green Dream

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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FOR CSO ONSITE TREATMENT – AN OPTION FOR URBAN WATER PARKS

WWTP BYPASS (CSO) TREATMENT MERONE (120.000 P.E.) and CARIMATE (80.000 P.E.)

VF 9.000 m2 FWS 5.500 m2 Treated Volume 515.000 m3 (58% tot) Efficiency 60 t/anno (60% tot VF AERATed 4.000 m2 FWS 1.500 m2 Treated Volume 564.000 m3 (40% tot) Efficiency 141 t/year(64% tot