Urban Riparian Restoration Program: Introduction to Stream - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Urban Riparian Restoration Program: Introduction to Stream - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 31, 2022 112 likes •643 views

Urban Riparian Restoration Program: Introduction to Stream Processes and Restoration Fouad H. Jaber, PhD, PE Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Biological and Agricultural Engineering AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M University

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Urban Riparian Restoration Program: Introduction to Stream Processes and Restoration

Fouad H. Jaber, PhD, PE

Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Biological and Agricultural Engineering AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M University System Urban Solutions Center, Dallas TX

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Outline

1.

Hydrologic cycle

2.

Introduction to stream morphology

1.

Bankfull Discharge

2.

Stability

3.

Channel measurements

3.

Stream Classification

4.

Stream Instability

5.

Stream Restoration

6.

Stabilization structures

7.

Vegetation

8.

Monitoring and evaluation

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Hydrologic Cycle

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Stream Function

 Transporting water and sediments  Habitat to aquatic organisms  Trees and shrubs on banks provide food

source and regulate temperatures

 Channel features such as pools, riffles and

glides provide diversity

 Natural design important to maintain

these features

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Bankfull Discharge

 Most important process defining channel  Effective (or dominant) discharge  Transports majority of sediment load in stream  Considered the insipient point of flooding

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Natural Channel Stability

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Channel Dimension and Characteristics

 It is the cross section of stream at bankfull

measured at a stable riffle in stream

 Width of stream increases as you go

downstream

 In arid regions, streams are wider due to

lack of vegetation and erosion

 The mean depth of stream varies within

stream depending on channel slope and riffle/pool spacing

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Meander Geometry

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Channel features

 Sequences of riffles

and pools

 Riffles: larger rock

particles, shallower, and steeper

 Pools: flat surfaces,

deep

 Run: between riffles

and pools

 Glide: between pools

and riffles

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Natural Stream Restoration

 Utilizes reference reach  Includes bankfull and floodplain areas  Restoration should result in water and

sediment movement without degradation

  • r aggradation

 Improves habitat and promotes diversity  Promotes riparian vegetation

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Stream Assessment

 Determine watershed drainage area (GIS)  Determine land use (map or survey)  Determine bankfull (field observation)  Determine channel dimension (survey)  Determine stream pattern: sinuosity,

radius of curvature, belt width and meander wavelength (1:24000 maps)

 Channel profile

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Stream Assessment

 Substrate Analysis  Estimate bankfull

discharge and velocity (Manning’s equation)

 Assess riparian

condition: topography

  • f floodplain,

constraints in urban settings, soil fertility, plant inventory

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Level I Assesment

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Level II: Key terms

Entrenchment ratio:

Width of the flood prone area/bankfull surface width

Sinuosity:

Stream Length/ Valley Length

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Level III

 Watershed scale instability

 Channelization  Development

 Local (reach) instability

 Outside bank of meander bend  Channel constrictions

 Channel stability assessment

 Channel evolution  Streambank erosion

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Watershed Scale Instability

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Local Scale: Outside Bend Erosion

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Local Scale: Channel Constrictions

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Channel Evolution

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Channel Evolution

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Degradation and Widening

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Channel Evolution

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Stream Evolution: F4 Channel

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Bank Erodibility Factors

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Erodibility

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Stream Restoration Options

 I- Establish bankfull at historical floodplain elevation: E, C

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II- Create new floodplain at present elevation: E, C

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Priority 2

Before After

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III- Widen floodplain B, Bc

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Priority 3

Before After

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IV- Stabilize Existing Streambanks in place

 Use in-stream structures  Riprap?  Gabions?  Concrete?  Bioengineering  Study upstream and

downstream impacts

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Stream Stabilization?

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Structures: Root Wad

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Structures: J-HookVanes

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Structures: Cross-Vane

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Structures: W-weir

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Stream Crossings

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Vegetation: Assessments are Needed Prior to Construction

 Determine if existing

vegetation is a good template for revegetation

 Discover problematic

issues to plan for before construction

 Identify special features to

enhance or protect

 Gather ecological data for

restoration planning

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Plant inventory

  • Use local guides
  • Check for natural resource publications
  • Contact plant professionals
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Soils

 Nutrients  Compactedness  Composition  Plans for tilling, mulching, liming

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Problematic and Invasive Plants

http://www.texasinvasives.org/invasives_database/

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Vegetation

 Salvage on-site

vegetation

 Live staking (2-4

feet apart)

 Bare-root planting  Container plant

material

 Permanent seeding

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Do Not Mow Streambanks

 Promotes bank

stability

 Flood flow

reduction

 Water quality  Reduction of

mosquito habitat

 Wildlife habitat

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Evaluation and Monitoring

 Morphology  Photo documentation  Vegetation  Bank stability  Shading and temperature  Fish and invertebrate data

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Links and Resources

USDA Stream Restoration Design: https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/viewerFS.aspx?id=3491

Wildland Hydrology Resources: https://wildlandhydrology.com/resources/

NC State University Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Extension Publications: https://www.bae.ncsu.edu/extension/extension-publications/

Ohio Department of Natural Resources: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/4159/default.aspx

Texas Stream Team at The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment: http://txstreamteam.rivers.txstate.edu/

Invasives Database: http://www.texasinvasives.org/invasives_database/

Texas A&M AgriLife Ecological Engineering Group: www.facebook.com/agrilifeecoeng/

The Dallas Center’s Urban Ecological Engineering Program: http://dallas.tamu.edu/extension/engineering/

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Fouad H. Jaber, PhD, PE

Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Dallas Research and Extension Center

f-jaber@tamu.edu 972-952-9672

www.facebook.com/agrilifeeco eng/