SISC 2017 Research Poster Presentation SISC 2017 Poster Abstracts - - PDF document

SISC 2017 Research Poster Presentation

SISC 2017

2

Poster Abstracts

SISC 2017

3

Bioinformatics & Computational Biology and Microbiology

SISC 2017

4

1. Poster Code : BC01 Poster Title : Relation Between Factors of Stomatal Opening and Growth in the Orchid Poster Abstract : Orchid (Phalaenopsis) is a relatively growing slowly plant. In this research, with an eye to

• bserving the changes of orchid development and the growth trend of orchids, we added

auxin, potassium chloride and carbon dioxide to control the photoperiod. By increasing the number or area of the opening orchid stomata, thereby increase the efficiency of carbon fixation and photosynthetic production, which accelerated the growth of plants and shortened the incubation time. It was found that the orchids added with auxin had better growth in all aspects. In contrast, watering with potassium chloride will limit the quantity of stomata of orchids. The environment with high concentration of carbon dioxide could make the orchid blossom faster and increased the number of stomas. Orchids with longer night period not only grow faster but the number of their stomata increases at the same time. However, there is no bloom observed. In conclusion, when extending the opening time of orchid stomata, we can increase the growth trend of orchids and accelerate the growth, which is beneficial to the development of orchids and saves cultivation time. Student Presenter : Lin Ching-Ling

SISC 2017

5

2. Poster Code : BC02 Poster Title : Regeneration of Planarian Flatworms Under Varying Environmental Conditions Poster Abstract : Regeneration refers to the regrowth of damaged tissue - a process which would have first emerged during the Permian Period, almost 300 million years ago. Wide ranges of

• rganisms, including planarian flatworms, have continued to display this spectacular
• phenomenon. While humans also have the ability to regenerate, our capabilities are to a

much smaller degree. For instance, if only a portion of the liver is damaged, it is able to grow the lost or scared tissue. This investigation modelled human tissue regeneration on planarian flatworms due to their genetic similarity. However, it is important to consider that while the flatworm is a suitable model, there are still certain biological discrepancies between the two organisms. The research aimed to determine which factors may act as potential blockers or enablers when regenerating human tissue by observing the flatworm's regenerative capacity under environmental conditions including varying degrees of light intensity, temperature and nourishment. The comparison was achieved by measuring the period of time they took to re-grow the severed structure thereby determining which environmental conditions yielded the most promising results of

• regeneration. The investigation found that flatworms subjected to minimal light exposure

all provided examples of optimal tissue regrowth. The results collected by this experiment also suggest that low to room temperature are favourable conditions for a consistent regeneration process as they simulated those of the flatworm's standard environment. Concerning sustenance levels, our results indicate that the best feeding option would be to provide nutrition once a week. Student Presenter : Tikiri Silva

SISC 2017

6

3. Poster Code : BC03 Poster Title : Could Augmented Immortality Create a Digital and Deathless Version of Ourselves? Poster Abstract : Advances in artificial intelligence could provide digital immortality, distilling a lifetime’s worth of online presence into an algorithm that could resemble people’s opinions, thoughts, and interests. To answer the title question, the term “augmented eternity” will be defined and a survey will be conducted on how it will be appreciated in society. An experiment will also be undertaken, in which we look at the digital footprint that is left behind by us in a 24 hours' time span and look at how much data is produced that could be used to develop an algorithm. The ethical issues will then be discussed; such as data privacy and potential dangers that may occur with this technology. However, the benefits

• f this technology for mankind will also be discussed. Afterward, more research will be

conducted that looks into how augmented immortality could be made possible, explaining the scientific principles; for example, how algorithms could be created from our search history, things the test subjects liked and commented on and many other things by analysing large amounts of digital data they produce every day, identifying patterns and making predictions. Looking at the Michael Jackson's Hologram Tour, which will take place this year using a form of augmented immortality will give an overview of how advanced current technology is in this field. In the end, conclusions will be drawn from the research and approximate when this technology can be included in our everyday lives. Student Presenters : Eugenia Camnahas Julia Schoetzig

SISC 2017

7

4. Poster Code : MB01 Poster Title : The Inhibition of Bacteria Growth by Organic Compounds Poster Abstract : This research aims to understand how organic compounds affect bacteria. I came up with this idea after seeing a wet towel that with a package that read “This definitely sterilizes the bacteria on your hands with 70% of the ethanol.” I was wondered how ethanol effects

• bacteria. First, bacteria were gathered from my hands using deionized water and kept in a
• beaker. The water was divided into two parts. One of them was mixed with water and the
• ther one was mixed with ethanol. Those liquids were then put on LB mediums and left

for three days. The results showed that the ethanol one succeeded in sterilizing the bacteria and the water one failed. It was almost the same as I predicted. However, I noticed that the method for gathering bacteria was not reliable and needed to be

• improved. To compare the subjects clearly and accurately, the bacteria will be replaced

with E. coli bacteria prepared in one petri dish. I will then split the E. coli bacteria into different samples. I am now wondering what compound in ethanol affects the bacteria. I have decided to follow up my research by experimenting with organic compounds. The next experiment will be done with some alcohols that have different number of carbon

• molecules. For instance, propanol, methanol, and butanol.

Student Presenter : Mana Yamamoto

SISC 2017

8

5. Poster Code : MB02 Poster Title : How Does Cisplatin (chemotherapeutic drug) Affect Human DNA Poster Abstract : Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Globally, nearly 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. There are different treating methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Cisplatin is the most important and efficacious chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced cancer. It is generally considered as a cytotoxic drug which kills cancer cells by damaging DNA and inhibiting DNA synthesis. By briefly understanding how DNA is structured, how it replicates, how cancer emerges and how it spreads, research can be started. Delving into how cisplatin works, how it destroys cancer cells and how it affects DNA and the DNA replication in that process will answer the title question. Thereupon the effectiveness of the drug by taking a look at its side effects and explaining how it works when it is combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs will be discussed. In the end, the research will be summarised, and conclusions will be drawn. Student Presenters : Rebecca Clegg Julia Schoetzig

SISC 2017

9

6. Poster Code : MB03 Poster Title : Cloning and Expression of a Full-Length Recombinant NS1 Protein from Zika Virus in Escherichia Coli Poster Abstract : The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, which was discovered in Uganda almost 70 years ago, it was spreading widely in South and Central America, the Caribbean, The Pacific, and Vietnam. ZIKV infections are frequently asymptomatic or cause mild disease like Dengue. Recently, severe complication of ZIKV infection are reported, including central nervous system abnormalities (especially microcephaly) in foetuses/neonates and Guillain-Barre syndromes in adults. An accurate diagnosis of ZIKV infection is essential for timely management of the disease. NS1 is a about 43 kilodalton that can be detected in serum of patients with the febrile phase of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends NS1 and Zika IgM ELISA as an excellent diagnostic approach. In this study, Zika virus was used as a template to produce DNA clones of the full-length NS1 genes via reverse transcriptase synthesis of Complementary DNA (cDNA) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the NS1 region. Products were cloned in TA plasmid and subsequently subcloned into pET-28A (+) vector to construct a recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 strains and NS1 expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. This research need to be further investigating to develop a NS1 diagnosis test of ZIKV in Vietnam. Student Presenter : Quynh Chi Le Vu

SISC 2017

10

7. Poster Code : MB04 Poster Title : The Role of Transcription Factor TrmB on Metabolic Stress Reponses in Haloferax mediterranei Poster Abstract : TrmB is a transcription factor that has been found to regulate over 100 metabolic pathways in halophilic archaea. In this paper, we sought to determine the effect of TrmB

• n the growth of Haloferax mediterranei under various sugar conditions, including media

with glucose and sucrose, among others. This goal was accomplished by measuring the extracellular enzyme activity and growth rates of H. mediterranei--wild-type and trmB gene knockouts--under varying sugar conditions. The growth of the cultures was analyzed by fitting our data to the Gompertz equation for microbial growth in order to determine the numerical values for the growth parameters, including growth rate, carrying capacity, and lag time. Results showed that in the no sugar condition, the carrying capacity and growth rate of the wild type were greater than the carrying capacity and growth rate of the trmB mutant. In each sugar condition, however, carrying capacity was not statistically significantly different between the wild type and the trmB mutant. Between all sugar conditions, the trmB mutants had the greatest survivability in the glucose condition. Additionally, we found that the removal of trmB resulted in L-leucine aminopeptidase, involved in protein degradation, levels reducing significantly. Overall, our findings suggested that TrmB plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism in H. mediterranei, so a deeper understanding of the functions of TrmB can be applied to metabolic mechanisms in other species because the motifs of regulation in TrmB are conserved through all three domains of life. Student Presenter : Rajeev Ranajit Dutta

SISC 2017

11

Computing & Mathematics and Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence

SISC 2017

12

8. Poster Code : CM01 Poster Title : Data Analytics for POI Tracking Poster Abstract : The Berlin attack on 19th December killed 12 and injured 56, with the suspect shot 5 days later in Milan and the arrest of an innocent revealed flaws in current apprehending systems, emphasising a need for improvement. Closer to home, the Holland Village robbery highlighted limitations in Singapore’s apprehending system, with the suspect on the run for 72 hours. Contemporary processes of receiving reports and tracking have been ineffective, a reason for which this project is contrived. The proposed system is largely automated, resolving limitations such as manpower constraints, while increasing overall

• accuracy. Data analysis for person-of-interest (POI) tracking involves the collection of

data from various sources and categorised into videos/images and words, and are sent to data centres for processing and filtering before being used to identify crime and POI/VOI. Video tracking and other means are employed to track and intercept the POI/VOI, with most processes automated to reduce manpower. We have also tested some portions of the system with much success, to ascertain the accuracy and suitability of proposed methods. The system, relying on machinery and utilising less manpower than contemporary methods, would be cheaper and more accurate. For example, the POI in the Berlin attack and Holland Village robbery could have been identified and tracked through automated means more quickly, and the accidental arrest of a suspect in the case of the Berlin attack could have been averted. Student Presenter : Wang Jia Dong

SISC 2017

13

9. Poster Code : CM02 Poster Title : Third Order Constraint Based Velocity Profiling Poster Abstract : An offline algorithm for the generation of minimum time velocity profiles with arbitrary constraints is suggested and implemented. It is tested in the context of quintic spline pathing for mobile robots with various kinematic constraints for a holonomic drive. While previous research has produced efficient algorithms for jerk constrained velocity profiles

• n a one-dimensional path segment, and velocity profile generation based on maximum

velocity and acceleration for two-dimensional paths, current methods are not capable of supporting nth order kinematic constraints on multi-dimensional paths. The algorithm developed in this research uses an arbitrary discretized non-time parameterization of the path and recursively iterates through each point on the path to calculate the maximum velocity which does not lead to the breach of any kinematic constraints at any point on the

• path. The generated profiles are tested on a holonomic swerve drive robot intended for

use in the FIRST Robotics Competition. Student Presenter : Forrest Eli Hurley

SISC 2017

14

10. Poster Code : CM03 Poster Title : Generating Sequences Over Finite Fields and Researching Their Properties Poster Abstract : It is known that m-sequence (maximal length sequence) is balanced and has the longer period than any other sequences with the same linear complexity. In this paper, we suggest a new method to identify the minimal polynomial of a decimated m-sequence provided that the decimated amount and the period are coprime. Moreover, we propose a new construction of a pseudorandom sequence generator which can compensate the weak points of m-sequences. In fact, we prove that the keystreams of the new sequence generator have several good properties such as balanced property, long period. Student Presenters : Woo Seok Goh Yujeong Han

SISC 2017

15

11. Poster Code : CM04 Poster Title : Exploring Software Security: Obfuscation Poster Abstract : Software security is a pertinent issue, given the recent rampant increase in software security breaches. With respect to preventive measures against such breaches, code

• bfuscation lies within the first few layers of software protection. However, it can be

easily overcome by slicing, a form of reverse engineering that identifies parts of a program relevant to a set of variables at a point of interest. In this paper, we present two novel code obfuscation methods that serve to increase the size of a code slice, thus lessening the effectiveness of program slicing - Binary Obfuscation and Binary Array

• Obfuscation. These methods leverage on the lengthy nature of binary numbers, greatly

increasing the size of the code slice. By comparing code complexities of both methods to that of the original, we find that they are able to increase the size of code slices by 16 lines per application with Binary Obfuscation and 4 lines per application with Binary Array Obfuscation respectively. As both methods have linear time complexities, the increase in time taken to run the codes upon obfuscation is minimal, ensuring that practicality is retained. Student Presenter : Yang Hui

SISC 2017

16

12. Poster Code : CM05 Poster Title : The 4D Finite Space Game Poster Abstract : This project represents a card game and describes possibility of using four-dimensional space over the finite field as a basis for game. The idea came about from well-known game “tic-tac-toe”. This game can be imagined as a game using two-dimensional space

• ver the field of remainders of the division by three, in which, in fact, players’ moves are
• perations on coordinates. By analogy with it, we take four-dimensional space (L4) over

the same field (Z3) and aim to off er the game concept, whose outcome depends on considered opponent's moves, instead of luck or reaction's speed. Like any other, this game should have its own rules. We decided that game would be card-game. Each card matches one point of the space L4. For the sake of easy representation, a card contains a picture that depends on its coordinate. Players construct straights existing in L4 by the

• cards. Because of the great opportunities of L4 two different versions of the rules are
• considered. Both are based on card receipt and card exchange. The difference appears in

principles of exchange. In order to find all weak sides of both variants, the game testing with participation of several people was conducted. Game testing showed that both variants are improper and poorly adapted for use, so we had to rework the rules. New version became more suitable, and game testing was successful. In the following, final rules may be developed into game for more than two players and/or we can take wider finite field. Student Presenter : Sofya Pistsova

SISC 2017

17

13. Poster Code : CM06 Poster Title : Discovering the Mathematics Behind the Candies Problem Poster Abstract : From two specific mathematical problems that appeared in the Singapore Mathematical Olympiads in 2015, variations to some attributes of these problems were made to discover the mathematics behind the problems. The mathematical formulations for these variations essentially involved looking at the solutions of a general congruence equation. In particular, this project investigated the solutions to the three specific cases of sequences: the arithmetic progression, the geometric progression and the Fibonacci sequence. A number of results were obtained. Student Presenters : Lee Jia Yee Tay Yee Sheun Carina

SISC 2017

18

14. Poster Code : MA01 Poster Title : ALEXIS: Automatic Labelling & Metadata Extraction of Information for Singapore’s Images Poster Abstract : ALEXIS is an application that automatically labels and gives contexts to images of

• bjects. In this project, ALEXIS is used to recognize the landmarks in Singapore in

photographs by combining GPS information from the image metadata with a series of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), where the GPS information is used to verify the labels provided by the CNN, making the system more robust. For the training of our CNN, firstly, a total of ~67000 images were automatically downloaded through Python scripts from different search engines including Google, Flickr and Bing to form a dataset. These images were then manually filtered down to ~430 images per landmark to preserve the integrity of the dataset. Next, we optimised our CNN using state of the art algorithms and a well-known network topology. After optimisation, it achieves an average accuracy (calculated by the F1 score formula) of ~86% over six different categories, where each of them is a popular landmark in Singapore. Thus, our system can accurately tell the user where the image was taken and what the landmark in the image was. Furthermore, we have a database that would provide background information for each landmark, such as their historical or cultural significance. To make ALEXIS accessible and intuitive, our app runs on a website where a Google Map with markers will be generated to visually present the aforementioned context to each image. Hence, we believe ALEXIS will be useful to tourists in helping them manage their photographs of the landmarks in Singapore. Student Presenter : Lim Guan Mao, Daven

SISC 2017

19

15. Poster Code : MA02 Poster Title : Voice Control Electric Devices System Poster Abstract : This paper presents a low cost and flexible home control system. Disabled people and elders have trouble moving around the house to manually control their electronic devices such as lights, television, fans, and air conditioner. Based on this problem, we have designed a system that can automatically control these devices without having to move around the house. We call this system the Voice Controls Electric Devices (VCE) system, which lets the user control their electric devices just by speaking to their phones. This device employs an Arduino Mega 2560 micro-controller, and a relay module. It can be controlled via a Bluetooth Android based Smart phone app that we designed using an MIT App Inventor software, which converts speech to text. The text is then sent to the micro-controller, which will process it into a command based on the program in the Arduino micro-controller to turn on or off a device. Bluetooth connection is achieved by an HC-05 Bluetooth module, which connects the smartphone with the arduino. The proposed system does not require a dedicated server or Personal Computer, meaning that it works offline inside the house to switch electric devices on and off. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this system, electric devices such as light switches, power plugs, electric fans, and air conditioning have been integrated with the proposed home control system. Furthermore, it can also help with reducing wasted electricity, thus reducing electricity cost. This system’s functionality can be expanded even further in the future. Student Presenters : Calvin Daniel Tianussan Ryo Hilmawan

SISC 2017

20

Design & Engineering

SISC 2017

21

16. Poster Code : DE01 Poster Title : ThermaQuad: Designing an Extremely Versatile Custom Designed Quadcopter with Autonomous Thermal Imaging Capabilities Poster Abstract : ThermaQuad is an invention which combines two technologies; autonomous quadcopters and thermal imaging with a particular focus on these two major problems with current aerial thermal remote sensing technologies: There is a severe lack of drones that are cheap, easy to maintain and have a high flight time with heavy components and payloads, that can also perform customisable complex autonomous tasks in the current emerging drone market. There is also a lack of cheap and effective thermal detection technologies

• n the market, especially for aerial remote sensing applications. In order to create an

invention that is affordable, requires minimal human maintenance/interference, can fly for a long time and is highly effective at its imaging and detection. In order to create an invention that is affordable & accessible, requires minimal human maintenance/interference, strong and high performing, can fly for a long time and is highly effective at its imaging and detection. The poster succinctly outlines the full process of the build from the problem it's trying to solve, the design focuses, the execution of the proposed solution with a design brief, challenges encountered, testing & effectiveness and applications of the invention. Student Presenter : Dylan Sanusi-Goh

SISC 2017

22

17. Poster Code : DE02 Poster Title : Design and Experimentation of a Hybrid Armature Railgun Poster Abstract : Although railguns have high potential in many applications, ranging from weaponry systems to fusion reactors due to their extremely high muzzle velocities, they have extremely short rail lifetime, requiring maintenance or replacement of rails after every

• shot. Existing solid and plasma armature railgun designs have limited efficiency due to

frictional losses and arc restrike respectively, reducing the maximum projectile energy. To overcome short rail lifetime and low efficiency, a complete hybrid armature railgun system was designed and constructed, and its effectiveness in reducing rail ablation and frictional losses was studied. The hybrid armature railgun maintains a small gap between the rails and projectile, using plasma arcs to conduct electricity from the rails to the

• armature. The complete system consists of three components. A pulse forming network

releases energy stored in capacitors over a longer time period, which allows the plasma arc to be sustained for a longer duration, reducing peak current and preventing hotspots along the rails. This reduces rail ablation. The railgun bore is designed to maintain a gap between the rails and projectile and guide the projectile in a straight line through the bore with Teflon guides. A switching circuit ensures the injection of the projectile and capacitor discharge are synchronised with a constant time interval to yield optimal

• performance. Through firing tests, it was concluded that the hybrid armature railgun was

capable of reducing rail ablation, allowing repeated use of rails without maintenance. It also achieved higher muzzle velocity compared to a solid armature railgun. Student Presenter : Tay Jing Xuan

SISC 2017

23

18. Poster Code : DE03 Poster Title : Improving the Microbial Fuel Cell Poster Abstract : A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of electrical cell using anode respiring bacteria (ARB). These bacteria decompose organic matter present in wastewater, creating excess electrons as a by-product. The anode in the MFC attracts the electrons and transports them to the cathode through a binder creating electricity. The advantage of this energy source is that we are able to harness electricity from an otherwise wasted resource. Microbial fuel cells function most efficiently under neutral pH level. However, the hydroxide ions (OH−) in the cathode region of the battery increase the pH level. Each unit increase in pH levels causes the cell to lose 59 millivolts of EMF. This results in a voltage drop making the battery less efficient. In our research project, we attempt various strategies to minimise this Cathode reaction. We explore the effect of different materials for the cathode and the binder, minimising the attraction of OH− ions. We also investigate replacing the solution used in the cathode region. By using a less readily-ionisable solution, we seek to prevent the escalation of pH levels. Ultimately, we hope our work leads to a more efficient microbial fuel cell and a renewable energy source for the future. Student Presenters : Yeshaswini Boddu Ann Maria Sibi Ryan Samarakoon

SISC 2017

24

19. Poster Code : DE04 Poster Title : Development of an Automated Control System for Household Appliances Poster Abstract : Currently, household appliances are controlled directly by switches, which can be troublesome if they are many of them spread all over the modern homes. As handphones are becoming both smaller and smarter, its affordabilities are not well exploited yet. In

• ur project, we propose to create a circuit of which is controlled by a handphone, a relay,

an Arduino and an Annikken Andee to turn on or off devices, such as fans, TV. We have also included environmental sensors such as the TM36 to monitor the temperature. These sensors will therefore help to develop a smart control system where the room environmental can be maintained at a preset temperature. We have completed the project and found that it is effective in controlling household appliances. Our handphone interface provides dual functions: Automated and Manual. The user can either set it to automated or manual mode. The application is also available on either IOS or Android

• devices. With our invention, we can make the household operation not only more

convenient but becomes smarter. In future, we will look into how to implement the remote control system to the whole house unit. This will transform the way we carry out

• ur usual tasks at home in the future.

Student Presenters : Benjamin Teng Zibo Tan Marcus Tan

SISC 2017

25

20. Poster Code : DE05 Poster Title : Research on the Motion of a Conical Pendulum Poster Abstract : The motion of a conical pendulum is a basic physics phenomenon which can be seen as a combination of the motion of a simple pendulum and circular motion. The bob of a conical pendulum moves at a constant speed in a circle with the string tracing out a cone. In a simple pendulum, the length affects the period while the mass does not affect the

• period. But will it be the same for the motion of a conical pendulum? Based on this

question, we started to investigate the physical characteristics of a conical pendulum, such as how its period is affected by the length of the string and the mass of the bob. We designed and carried out experiments, collected and analyzed the data by using software such as Data Analysis and Tracker. By comparing theoretical and experimental results, we reached suitable conclusions. Student Presenter : Xue Yuqing

SISC 2017

26

21. Poster Code : DE06 Poster Title : A Novel Design Approach for Dual-Feed Spatial Power-Combining Reflectarray Antenna Poster Abstract : Spatial power-combining provides a viable solution at RF power levels not achievable at the circuit level. Recently, reflectarray antennas with multiple feeds have been investigated as an alternative means of spatial power-combining. In these designs, the required phases of the reflectarray elements are derived via a total reflected field

• formulation. However, a numerical optimisation routine is required to derive these
• phases. This project aims to demonstrate a novel and more efficient approach for the

phase derivation. In contrast to the total reflected field formulation, the total incident field formulation was used to derive the required phases. In this approach, the required phases are computed in closed form without the need for any numerical scheme, making it highly efficient especially when the number of elements is large (usually in the thousands). For verification, this novel approach was applied to design a dual-feed spatial power- combining reflectarray antenna. The reflectarray antenna was modelled and simulated using a full-wave solver in CST Microwave Studio (MWS). Performance results comparable to those found in open literature were obtained, with our antenna achieving an efficiency of 70%. The new and numerically more efficient design approach has thus been verified. Student Presenter : Kelly Siah Xinjie

SISC 2017

27

22. Poster Code : DE07 Poster Title : Investigation of Tailless Control Effectiveness of a Flapping Wing Micro-Air Vehicle Poster Abstract : Typical design of flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicles utilise a tailed 2-winged

• platform. In this project, trailing edge change (TEC) flight control of a novel four-winged

tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle (MAV) platform was investigated to find out the effectiveness of pitch, roll and yaw control output. The presence of two extra wings increases the flight endurance of the system while the absence of a tail is advantageous in permitting the MAV to be more impervious to the effects of wind. Force and moment analysis was conducted on the four-winged flapping wing platform. The force and moment were averaged across multiple flapping cycles at the same flapping frequency. The movement of the wing was also filmed using high-speed cameras for wing kinematics analysis. The video footage was compared with the data collected to explain the effects of various input parameters on the flapping wing MAV platform. It was identified that the tailless flapping wing MAV platform exhibits effective pitch and roll input control. The experimental results show that such a tailless design could, with some refinement, has various potential military and commercial applications. In addition, further research could be conducted to improve or enhance control over this platform. More specifically, other experiments could also be carried out to investigate and improve yaw input control of the tailless flapping wing MAV platform. Student Presenter : Darell Chua Yun Da

SISC 2017

28

23. Poster Code : DE08 Poster Title : Investigation of the Motion of an Object Through a Liquid Poster Abstract : Fluid dynamics plays an important role in real life. How objects interact with the fluids surrounding them and the consequences of those flows can impact their motion. Fluid dynamics is all around us – it is found in the aeroplanes that can manoeuvre in air despite their heavy weight, the locomotion of marine animals, and divers who descend into the deep seabed of oceans. These sparked our interest in investigating the motion of an object through a liquid. An object falling through a liquid encounters gravity, upthrust, and the force of drag that opposes the motion of the object. The object will eventually reach terminal velocity, which is the highest velocity attainable by the object. This happens when the object has no more acceleration and there is no resultant force acting on the

• bject. By researching about the different forces acting on the object, we decided to

investigate how the mass of the object and the density of the liquid would affect the terminal velocity of the object falling through the liquid. We hypothesized that the heavier the object, the higher the terminal velocity and the denser the liquid, the lower the terminal velocity. After a series of modelling and experimenting, we collected a set of data and analysed them using Data Analysis and Tracker. Our experimental results agreed with known theory, allowing us to form conclusions from our experiment. Student Presenter : Zhu Yujia

SISC 2017

29

24. Poster Code : DE09 Poster Title : F1 in Schools – Research & Development, 3d Modelling and Manufacturing of Racer for Optimal Aerodynamic Performance Poster Abstract : In participation of the F1 in Schools competition, a national multi-disciplinary challenge in which teams of students of ages 9 to 19 use CAD/CAM software to collaborate, design, analyse, manufacture, test, and then race miniature compressed air powered balsa wood F1 cars. This paper depicts and showcases our team's process and progress throughout the

• competition. Research and development was first carried out to determine estimates to the

dimensions of the car and its components. Next, these assemblies were 3D modelled using CAD/CAM software, AutodeskTM Inventor Professional and were then tested in a CFD software, AutodeskTM Flow Design for analysis, breakdown and optimization. The process of 3D modelling and optimization is repeated many times to experiment with different variables. The car model of a lowest drag coefficient is then to be cut out, built and manufactured using different machineries catered to its each specific function. The materials used for the car body include balsa wood and ABS plus thermoplastic used for 3D printing. While keeping within the specified rules and regulations issued by the F1 in Schools Rules Committee, strategies, laws and equations were derived and trialed during the designing phase for an aerodynamic car shape and during the manufacturing phase for an accurate and smooth finish of the car, ensuring optimal performance for the car on the race track. This project shows how different variables can manipulated to stimulate and

• ptimize the aerodynamics of modern F1 racer cars.

Student Presenter : Xie Yuxuan

SISC 2017

30

25. Poster Code : DE10 Poster Title : Fabrication and Operation of a Novel Solar-Powered Electro-Fenton Catalysed Reactor for Wastewater Treatment Poster Abstract : Industrial wastewater contains various organic compounds that are unable to be degraded through conventional biological degradation methods. However, the development of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) has provided a method to degrade and mineralize these compounds using highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. There has been a recent idea of using transparent electrodes to increase the efficiency of these processes. This study aims to further expand on the idea of using transparent electrodes to create an efficient and effective wastewater treatment reactor. In our preliminary testing, we examined possible improvements using a previously made reactor which incorporated fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass and carbon felt. Using the results, we designed and fabricated a scalable reactor and tested its efficiency. Other experimental results showed that in-situ aeration of wastewater can be replaced with pre-aeration without a significantly decrease in the efficiency of the reactor. Through testing of the reactor, we have shown that the reactor was able to compete with the original proof-of-concept design and allowed for further improvements and scalability such that the reactor would be capable of operating under natural sunlight at a much more extensive scale. Student Presenter : Justin Fidelis Wong Jun Wen

SISC 2017

31

26. Poster Code : DE11 Poster Title : Factors of Telescope Which Affect Image Quality Poster Abstract : A telescope is an instrument used to study objects at a great distance away. Frequently, the image delivered by the telescope is affected by a multitude of factors: distance between optical lenses, size and focal length of lenses, or even the combination of lenses

• used. These can affect the sharpness of the image, brightness, and quality. In our project,

we hope to deliver a subjective analysis of qualities of images which give insight into these factors, such that in future projects our results can be utilized to craft a good telescope. Student Presenter : Abdul Wahab Irfan

SISC 2017

32

Environmental, Earth & Energy Sciences & Systems

SISC 2017

33

27. Poster Code : EE01 Poster Title : Is There a Correlation Between the Location of a School and the Levels of Carbon Monoxide Detected at the School? Poster Abstract : Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas, it has no taste or smell and cannot be detected by human’s. It is present in our environment naturally (30%), and artificially as a result of human activities (70%). CO is released into the atmosphere artificially by the burning of fossil fuels in motor engines and power plants for example. CO is toxic to humans if inhaled and can be fatal if the concentration of the gas in high enough. Research has also suggested that continual exposure to low or medium levels of CO may be having a detrimental effect on the cognitive abilities of the brain. Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas is a pollutant that is present in areas with a significant amount of human

• activity. Using a portable CO detector, we have measured the levels of CO outside a

number of local schools to firstly determine whether the levels of CO are low, medium or

• high. We then identified major sources of CO and compared the location of the schools to

these sources. Finally, we compared the levels of CO detected at the schools and their proximity to a major source of CO. Student Presenters : Jenna Miller-Moore Martha Rail Cameron Heslop

SISC 2017

34

28. Poster Code : EE02 Poster Title : The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Shell Formation of Molluscs Poster Abstract : The world’s current ocean pH level is around 8.1 but, due to the increase emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the ocean’s pH level is slowly decreasing. Over the last 50-80 years, the acidity of the ocean has dropped by approximately 25%. This change has occurred previously, but over a span of 5000 to 10000 years. This can be very dangerous to the marine molluscs and crustaceans as the acidity physically destroys the

• uter layer of the exoskeleton making it difficult for the organism to repair and grow. The

aim of this experiment is to determine what the pH will be to prevent the shells from developing and when that will be. In this experiment, a number of local shells of the same variety were placed in transparent glass containers with seawater solutions of different pH

• levels. The solutions were made by adding hydrochloric acid to seawater using a pH

probe to determine the pH level of the solution. The containers consisted of pH 8.26 (seawater), 7, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3 and 2.5. The mass of the seashells was measured weekly to calculate the percentage loss. It was discovered that the percentage loss of the shells which were placed in higher concentrations corroded exponentially. Meaning the lower the pH level, the greater the percentage loss. The results also suggested that during the first week, the shells which were placed in the three highest pH levels grew, before declining thereafter. Student Presenters : Bhanupriya Chettiar Clement Chuah Jia Kai Tang

SISC 2017

35

29. Poster Code : EE03 Poster Title : Determination of Lunar Distance (LD) from the Change in Apparent Size of the Moon Poster Abstract : To derive some lunar constants, e.g. the geocentric lunar distance, the orbital eccentricity, etc., we started to observe the full moon every month through an optical telescope and took pictures of the moon with a digital camera attached to the telescope. Using photo measuring software, we measured the area of the full moon images we had taken for more than one year. From the areas, we derived the relative variation of the lunar distance (LD), and from the maximum and minimum distances we derived the eccentricity of the lunar orbit. On December 14, 2016, we observed the moon from moonrise at 5:22 pm to southing at 0:32 am, and every 30 minutes we took pictures of the moon. Using photo analysing software, we measured the apparent radius of the moon. Comparing the radii and substituting them to formulas we made beforehand, we derived the geocentric distance of the moon. The geocentric distances we derived were very close to the theoretical values of the distance. Taking the distances in account, the eccentricity was estimated as 0.066, which is also close to the theoretical value. It was verified that from

• bserving the apparent lunar sizes we could derive the geocentric distance of the moon

and the eccentricity of the lunar orbit. Student Presenters : Ayaka Okuuchi Hanaka Shimizu Honoka Yamane

SISC 2017

36

30. Poster Code : EE04 Poster Title : Experimental Study of Optical “Blue Pond” Phenomenon in the Biei River Poster Abstract : The blue lake, which became popular by the iPhone wallpaper, rests in Hokkaido, the most northern island among the 4 large islands of Japan. There, several withered trees reflect its atmosphere on the pale blue water surface and create a mysterious scene. Why the blue lake looks blue is still unknown? From a chemical analysis by Takamaki and Abe

• n the Goshiki lake of the Fukushima prefecture, and the blue lake of the Biei river, two

lakes that looks blue, was concluded that the water of the blue lake contains a large amount of aluminium particles. That makes the lakes’ water look white-blue colour by having a big effect on the scattering of light. To clarify its cause more clearly, we investigated from a photo chemical perspective, as we putted up a hypothesis that this phenomenon is related to a combined factor of scattering and reflection. Through this investigation, we concluded that the blue lake looks blue because of three sources. The long wave light of the natural light is absorbed by the water and the Rayleigh scattering of the short wavelength by the minute particles in the blue lake. Adding to that, it was confirmed that the white impurity from the Mie scattering acts as a screen by the

• bservation of the Tyndall phenomenon by the spectral radiance meter.

Student Presenters : Shun Sato Nanami Honma

SISC 2017

37

31. Poster Code : EE05 Poster Title : A Possible Mechanism About Formation of Polygonal Eye of Typhoon Poster Abstract : In Taiwan, there are approximately two or three typhoons annually, and most of them strike during July to September. From satellites, cloud pictures, and radar echo maps, we could observe the eye of typhoon, an obvious feature of typhoons. The eye of typhoon almost resembles a circle seen in the distance. But with a closer observation, it may come in a variety of patterns, such as ellipse, square, pentagonal, or polygonal. We try to run a barotropic numerical model to simulate the atmosphere, observing the interaction between different amount of vortexes with different size and strength. We expect to discuss conclusively the mechanism about formation of polygonal eye of typhoon. Student Presenters : Yu-chin Yu Fa-yu Ma Chi-wei Yang

SISC 2017

38

32. Poster Code : EE06 Poster Title : Programming a User Interface to Support an Algorithm Developed to Predict Insect Activity Using Weather Conditions Poster Abstract : In science, the answers found always unearth more questions. That is how this project

• began. In 2011, it started with the mission to increase the nutrition in the diets of

backyard chickens. This goal was achieved by the invention of an insect trap, but during testing, new questions were raised. The insect data collected showed intriguing spikes in insect activity. It was thought that, just like most of our environment, this variation could be caused by weather conditions. Further, if weather conditions were the cause, insect activity could be predicted using weather data. 365 days of insect and weather data were collected and analysed. Powerful statistical software enabled discovery of correlations which were represented in an algorithm to accurately predict insect activity using weather

• data. However, weather predictability became an issue. Our knowledge on what causes

weather conditions is far from complete. If a predictive algorithm was going to be created, a way around this handicap would be needed. Success was found with a nested algorithm which used a combination of the previous day’s calculated insect activity and predictable weather conditions to accurately predict insect activity using weather conditions. The potential of this algorithm was recognized, but was beyond the scope of previous projects. A user interface was needed and promised. It was determined that the best way to do this was via an app, and preliminary steps were taken to develop this new user interface. Student Presenter : Emma Christensen

SISC 2017

39

33. Poster Code : EE07 Poster Title : The Spectroscopic Study of the Night Sky and the Rotation Speed of the Sun Poster Abstract : This research is a collaboration with the Korea Science Academy of KAIST. Two kinds

• f experiments are being conducted. Telescopes and spectrometers were utilized in both
• experiments. First, it’s difficult to see many stars in our city because the city has light
• pollution. So, the purpose of this research is to discover the causes of light pollution and

how to improve night visibility in the city. Predicted causes of light pollution include air molecules and city lights. We will take spectrum data from the moon, sun and sky and analyse it for anomalies. This information will allow us to identify the main causes of the

• bserved light pollution. Second, the rotation speed of sun will be examined. Normally a

sunspot is used to calculate the rotation speed, but for this research we will use spectrum data from the sun. Because sunspots are affected by differential rotation. There are differences in latitude, because the sun is made of gas. We will compare data taken Korea Science Academy of KAIST with the results found at Ritsumeikan High School. A spectrometer will be used to determine the differences in wavelength. On the approaching side of the sun, a shorter wavelength should occur. Observing the sun on the receding side should result in a longer wavelength. These measurements will be used to calculate an approximate rotation speed. Student Presenter : Marina Yamasawa

SISC 2017

40

34. Poster Code : EE08 Poster Title : Investigation of the Effect of Salt on the Growth of Duckweed Poster Abstract : Representatives of the Lemnaceae, the Duckweed family, are well adapted for the use as bioindicators for testing soil and water for toxic substances. They have a simple anatomy that multiplies rapidly, a significant advantage of this usage. Duckweeds are freshwater plants (glycophytes) that do not tolerate high salt conditions. Hence, any changes such as the yellowing of leaves and withering of the plant due to sensitivity to change in water condition will more than likely occur throughout the experiment. The growth can also be stunted due to the water conditions. In order to determine the adequacy of using duckweeds as bioindicators, we experimented upon how well duckweed can thrive in waters with different salt concentrations. The results of our experiment indicated that duckweed is indeed an effective bioindicator in the conditions we have conducted our experiment in, as varying amounts of duckweed survived in the various levels of salinity in the water. We have created a chart and graph to show the relationship. As the salt concentration in the set-ups rose, the Duckweed also grew less healthily. This could be

• bserved from how the leaves turned yellow and white or pale. With our positive test

results, we can use Duckweed as a bioindicator in water bodies to ensure that the water is safe for consumption. Henceforth, duckweed can be utilised by breeding the plants in water samples from the water source, and then comparing the survival rate of the duckweed with the aforementioned chart developed. This method can be used as a cheap bioindicator for the monitoring of water health. When used extensively, it can be used as an indicator for pollutants before more accurate methods of analysis are deployed. Student Presenters : Dion Lum Qiuyu Lim Yi Zhen Yong E-Shean

SISC 2017

41

35. Poster Code : EE09 Poster Title : Green Wave Poster Abstract : In order to study wave power generation, we designed a device which can generate nine different wavy environments, inspecting the wave frequencies and wave heights in them respectively and also utilized floater measurement to inspect them. After that, we used Froude number to enlarge the waves we made, and compared with the wave around the

• world. Then, we put our self-designed wave activated power generator into varied wavy

environments, and inspected the generated voltage. We divided our wave generator into two types, one is “Elevated style”, and the other is “Floating style”, which both belong to the point absorption wave activated generating system of wave power. We also use two types of floater, one is square cube, while the other is U type. We have studied the varied impact on power generation from different types of wave power generation. To make a comparison, we calculated wave energy in each wavy environment and found out the energy absorption rate of generators. Student Presenter : Hus, Cheng-Hao

SISC 2017

42

Materials Science

SISC 2017

43

36. Poster Code : MS01 Poster Title : Silica Extraction from Rice Husk for Dental Abrasive Development Poster Abstract : Thailand is the world’s largest rice exporter. Rice husk is generated during rice milling process as by-product. Rice husk accounts for about 20% by weight of rice, so the amount is massive. It has been reported that rice husk ash (RHA) contains about 87-97% of silica and this component is related to the dental abrasive component. Consequently, the

• bjective of this project was to investigate the optimum conditions for rice husk

combustion and the efficiency of RHA as dental abrasive. Rice husk was heated at 200, 250, 300 and 350 °C for 20, 40 and 60 minutes. The results showed that the best conditions for rice husk combustion were 300 °C for 40 minutes with 16.4% of RHA, and the RHA showed similar colour with a commercial abrasive. Next, the RHA from Nonthanuri, Bangkok, Nakhorn Pathom were used to polish the teeth, compared with a commercial abrasive by using dental Kerascop as an indicator. It was shown that teeth polished with RHA from Nonthaburi rice husk were the whitest. It can be concluded that RHA has a potential for being used as a dental abrasive. Student Presenters : Poom Pakdeekitcharoen Sirabhop Leupatanasuk Suchakree Senarak

SISC 2017

44

37. Poster Code : MS02 Poster Title : Indenyl Rhodium Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity and Catalytic Application Poster Abstract : Complexes [CpMX2] where M=Ir, Rh are well known for their catalytic properties. Indenyl complexes have a higher chemical and catalytic activity as compared with Cp analogs owing to easy slippage of indenyl ligand from η5 to η3 coordination mode (“Indenyl effect”). Accordingly, this work is devoted to complexes with the indenyl

• framework. In this project, we studied halide complexes [(indenyl)RhX2]2, where X=I, Br.

We developed general methods of their synthesis based on reactions of olefin derivatives with halogens. The reactions proceed in mild conditions, need only one isolation and have pretty high yields. To get information about reactivity we set reactions with different carbocyclic and carborane anions, for example CpTl and Tl2[7,8-C2B9H11]. These reactions also do not need any high temperature, but as well as part of basic synthesis need inert atmosphere. Another part of the project was testing complexes as catalysts in the reactions of reductive amination of aldehydes and oxidative coupling reactions of benzoic acid with alkynes. Both results were successful. The reaction of reductive amination catalyzed by [(indenyl)RhX2] can be profitable for industrial synthesis, because this method uses readily available reductant and solvent (carbon monoxide and water, respectively) and has approximately 90 % yield of amines. In future work, we are planning to expand number of the (indenyl)Rh compounds, to study their molecular structure and set more catalytic reactions. Student Presenter : Elizaveta Sovdagarova

SISC 2017

45

38. Poster Code : MS03 Poster Title : Synthesis of Chiral Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Syn-Aldol Reactions Poster Abstract : The aldol reaction is an important C-C bond forming reaction in organic chemistry. In particular, the catalysed asymmetric aldol reaction is especially useful in the synthesis of a vast array of chiral naturally occurring and biologically active molecules including antibiotics, apoptosis-inducing agents and enzyme inhibitors. In previous works, the primary amide and diphenyl valinol structural units in current catalysts were shown to be active in catalysis but do not produce satisfactory results on their own. Therefore, combining the two structural units in a single organocatalyst was hypothesized to give rise to enhanced catalytic activity. In this work, a novel enantioselective organocatalyst for the asymmetric aldol reaction, (S)-threonine/α,α-(S)-diphenylvalinol, was successfully

• synthesized. Syn-aldol products of catalysis were obtained and characterized for various

substrates with high yields ranging from 75-99%, diastereomeric ratios of 80/20 to 92/8 and enantiomeric excesses from 90-95%. The solvent for the reaction was optimized and determined to be toluene. The synthesized organocatalyst has the potential of convenient immobilization through modification with ionic groups and can thereon be used with a wide variety of substrates in the asymmetric aldol reaction in the synthesis of natural compounds which have syn-configuration. Student Presenter : Gladys Woo Hoi Teng

SISC 2017

46

39. Poster Code : MS04 Poster Title : Graphene Spintronics: A Density Functional Theory Study of Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Platinum Embedded Graphene Poster Abstract : The purpose of this computational experiment is to examine functionalized forms of graphene through embedding different configurations of iron, cobalt, nickel, and platinum atoms into a 4-by-4 cell of graphene. We used Quantum Espresso, a software that incorporates density functional theory, for all calculations of thermodynamic and electronic properties. When set up with the necessary parameters in the input file for the desired chemical structure, the software calculates charge density, band structure, density

• f states, etc. The embedding energy data for the single metal atom configurations

showed that a platinum atom embedded in graphene had the highest embedding energy, followed by nickel, iron, and cobalt. For the double metal atom configurations, the side and diagonal configurations are less stable since both had higher embedding energies than the single metal atom configurations. The diagonal configurations had lower embedding energies than the side configurations, so they are more stable and better for applying in spintronic data storage devices. The results of the magnetization data show that nickel and platinum atoms embedded in graphene cannot be used for data storage, from the lack of magnetization in both the single metal atom and double metal atom configurations. However, cobalt and iron atoms embedded in graphene show more potential for spintronic data storage, because of its magnetization localized on the metal atom. In the future, the band structures will be analysed to further understand the electronic properties

• f the material. Also, calculations of more configurations with metal atoms of similar

periodic properties will be executed. Student Presenter : Frederick Nitta

SISC 2017

47

40. Poster Code : MS05 Poster Title : Thermal and Kinetic Properties of Elastic Materials Poster Abstract : In order to create energy harvesting device with the advantage of low-price, obtainable, easy- to-assemble, we focus on elastic materials which are commonly used in our daily

• life. Several thermal and kinetic properties of rubber band, plastic bag (polyethylene),

balloon (rubber) are measured: (1) the relationship between spring constant and

• temperature. (2) the relationship between length and temperature. (3) the relationship

between spring constant and length. (4) temperature change under different contraction/elongation rate. (5) pressure differences and surface tension of balloon. (6) application and device construction of energy harvesting system. (7) properties of energy harvesting device. Student Presenters : Tzu-Yun Kung Tsan-Yu Wu

SISC 2017

48

41. Poster Code : MS06 Poster Title : Combinatorial Investigations into Metal Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Poster Abstract : Energy is a growing need in our society. To meet the rising demand of energy and ensure the sustainability of Earth in the future, the development and use of renewable sources of energy has been on the rise. One of the cleanest ways of energy production is the hydrogen fuel cell, which utilises hydrogen as a fuel. One clean method of producing hydrogen is photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, using sunlight as the energy

• source. For this to be feasible, a suitable catalyst is required. Our project focuses on the

use of metal oxide semiconductors as anodes in PEC cells. Due to the large numbers of combinations of metal oxide mixtures and the inability to directly calculate the valence band edges of metal oxide mixtures for their suitability, a combinatorial trial-and-error approach must be utilised. We investigated the photocatalytic activity of ternary metal

• xide systems comprising the four elements; aluminium, zinc, calcium and lead, with

varying ratios of the metal oxides in each mixture. The metal oxides were synthesised by decomposing metal nitrate mixtures on fluorine-dope tin oxide conductive glass plates at 500 °C for three hours. With the aid of the Solar Materials Discovery software developed by the California Institute of Technology, we measured the photovoltages generated by the various metal oxides under LED illumination. Mixtures comprising the oxides of aluminium, zinc and lead yielded the best results among the samples tested. The highest photovoltage (1.697 V) obtained was from the mixture with composition 1Al2O3 : 2ZnO : 6PbO. Student Presenter : Neel Rahul Obordo Karve

SISC 2017

49

42. Poster Code : MS07 Poster Title : New Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Poster Abstract : Nowadays the need of non-waste energy sources is growing every year. The current low- temperature fuel cells use mostly proton exchange membranes as electrolyte that allows

• nly the positively charged ions to pass through membrane to the cathode. Such

composites are still not perfect, so modification with some additives, called “dopant”, make its characteristics better than original materials. Structure of membrane has pores; solution contained in pores has positively and negatively charged ions. Transfer of negatively charged ions is unacceptable for proton exchange membranes, so to delete such ions use dopant with negatively charged surface. It composed by ions (in my work it is phosphate groups). So, insoluble dopant’s particle occupies pore and hinder anions because of big size and electrostatic repulsion. As starting material, we used Russian analog of widely known proton exchange membrane ‘Nafion’ called MF-4SC. Dopant is zirconium oxide with functionalized surface by phosphate groups. It was synthesized from zirconium oxide dissolved in water which was hydrolysed in ammonia solution, then to produced oxide was added 0.02 M solution of H3PO4. After drying and milling dopant, it was added to the solvent (I-PrOH) and mixed. This mixture was poured to polymer solution and this composition was dried on levelled surface. Produced membranes were tested on activation energy and diffusion. The obtained test results confirm efficacy of use

• f this dopant. The purpose of further researches is expanded study of the properties of

produced materials and possible improvement of production technology. Student Presenter : Iuliia Kirpal

SISC 2017

50

43. Poster Code : MS08 Poster Title : Investigation of the Effectiveness of Antacids Poster Abstract : The application of antacids in real life is widely acknowledged and employed in the world, as it is used for basic relieving of pain and gastric cramps. This project investigates how well four antacids- Megtasil, Aromag, Zellox-II, and Gaviscon work in terms of neutralizing acids in an acid-base reaction. The effectiveness of an antacid in this investigation is determined by how well the antacid can neutralise stomach acid, such that pain associated with it can be best reduced. Data will be collected through one experiment repeated twice- by testing the pH of the solution after same volumes of the antacids are introduced to same volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). Data will be collated in a table, and later analyzed with information from literature review, therefore providing a supported and more reliable conclusion, and a better understanding of the aspects that affect the “effectiveness” of an antacid. Limitations of this project include problems with the scale of the experiment, as well as the neglect of certain minor factors that might contribute to the effectiveness of an antacid for an individual. Student Presenter : Wang Junyao Floria

SISC 2017

51

44. Poster Code : MS09 Poster Title : Synthesis of Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots Poster Abstract : In the experiment, cadmium selenide quantum dots were synthesized in order to characterize the relationship between reaction progress and sample colour. A cadmium

• xide solution was heated to 225 oC and stirred. Subsequently, a selenium solution was

added, and aliquots were taken periodically. Samples retrieved in the early stages of the process were characterized by the emission of yellow light; consequently, samples retrieved further through the reaction process were characterized by the emission of red

• light. This may best be explained by the fact that the cadmium core of the dots aggregate

selenium particles as the reaction progresses and increases in size. The resultant colour change is concurrent with Mie’s solution to Maxwell’s equations, which explains how diameter of a homogenous sphere affects the scattering of waves (i.e. visible light in this instance) when the wavelength and particle size are comparable. In summary, as the reaction progresses, the degree of light scattered by the particles changes from yellow to red due to constantly increasing particle size. Student Presenter : Xander Hagen

SISC 2017

52

45. Poster Code : MS10 Poster Title : Effectiveness of FeCo2O4 as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries Poster Abstract : Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly found in many portable electronic appliances, like computers and mobile phones, due to their ability to be rechargeable. Currently, commercial anodes in Li-ion batteries (graphite) have a theoretical capacity of around 372 mAh/g, while the material (FeCo2O4) that will be investigated as the anode material has a theoretical capacity of 789.194mAh/g, more than double of the current commercial anode’s capacity. As such, the engineering goal is to produce a battery that will have a higher capacity than the current commercial Li-ion batteries through increasing the capacity of the anode material. The molten salt method and the citric acid combustion method is used to synthesise the anode active material. Galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry is used to test the batteries' capacity over time and the impedance

• f the battery was studied.

Student Presenter : Chelsea Wong Jiahui

SISC 2017

53

The End. Thank you!