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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Joint Legislative Oversight Committee on Information Technology Chris Estes, State CIO | March 6, 2014 Agenda Background Highlights of UAS Report Safety, Data, and Privacy Uses and Benefits

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

Joint Legislative Oversight Committee on Information Technology Chris Estes, State CIO | March 6, 2014

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Agenda

3/6/2014 OFFICE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2

  • Background
  • Highlights of UAS Report
  • Safety, Data, and Privacy
  • Uses and Benefits
  • Governance and Operations
  • Outreach and Communications
  • Cost and Funding
  • Legislative Considerations
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Background

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What are UAS?

  • UAV = Unmanned Aerial

Vehicle (the aircraft itself)

  • UAS = Unmanned Aircraft

System (aircraft, controller, data collector, pilot, computers, storage, etc.)

  • Drone = a misnomer for

UAS/UAV that is commonly associated with the military

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Many types of UAVs are now available to the public

Parrot AR Drone DJI Phantom Quadcopter

3/6/2014

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  • The FAA is strictly regulating UAS while

studying safe integration into the airspace

  • Operations currently limited to

hobbyists and government use

  • No commercial use until at least

mid-2015

  • Must have Certificate of Authorization1
  • NC requires State CIO approval for

government procurement or operation before July 1, 2015

Amazon delivery concept: currently not allowed

3/6/2014

Who governs UAS flights?

1 Exception is hobbyist flying

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SLIDE 6

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  • NCSU’s Next Generation Air

Transportation (NGAT) is the only government entity approved to date

  • NGAT received a Certificate of

Authorization from the FAA and State CIO approval for research at 3 sites:

  • Hyde County (Gull Rock Test Site)
  • NCSU Butner Beef Cattle Farm
  • Private airfield in Moyock (Caratoke Site)
  • Focus on:
  • Education and Research
  • Government Use Cases
  • Economic Development

3/6/2014

Approved flights in North Carolina

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The 2013/14 budget bill directs the State CIO to study the potential need for UAS by government agencies and issue a report in March of 2014 The report covers:

  • Safety, Data, and Privacy
  • Uses and Benefits
  • Governance and Operations
  • Outreach and Communications
  • Cost and Funding
  • Legislative Considerations

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The State CIO and DOT established a cross-functional UAS Working Group to assess UAS-related issues for this report

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NC DENR NC DOT

NC Innovation Center Governor’s Policy & Legal Teams

State CIO

NC Military Foundation

NC National Guard

NC DOC

Duke University

NCSU

Research Triangle Inst.

Who was involved in this report?

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Safety in the Air and on the Ground

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  • Safety and protection of people and property, both on the ground and in

the air, should be a priority

  • FAA and NC governing bodies will make decisions based on safety first
  • Safety Considerations:
  • Risk to manned aircraft: pilot, crew, and passengers
  • Potential to injure people or damage property on the ground
  • Manned flights conducted by government entities should be given

priority and airspace to prevent interference

“UAS must be integrated into the [National Airspace] without reducing existing capacity, decreasing safety, negatively impacting current operators, or increasing the risk to airspace users or person and property on the ground any more than the integration of comparable new and novel technologies.” – Federal Aviation Administration

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Data Management

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Standards and policies for the management of data collected by UAS:

  • Should align with existing policies for manned flights or other data

collection techniques

  • Responsibility for data management should remain with the agency

conducting the flight unless certain data can be centralized, catalogued, and reused

  • Agencies and SCIO should work with DCR on retention, preservation,

and disposal

  • UAS data should be controlled by NC public records laws

Source: Monmouth University Poll – August 2013

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Citizen Privacy and Protection

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Public opinion varies about UAS privacy concerns: Existing laws may apply to UAS operations:

  • Lawfulness of flight – where flights and landings can occur
  • Dangerous flying – protects against unnecessary endangerment
  • Protection against unlawful peeping and electronic surveillance
  • Current manned aerial surveillance laws could be paralleled
  • Law enforcement training and standards should be created

83% support search- and-rescue use 76% believe laws should govern law enforcement use

Source: Monmouth University Poll – August 2013

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  • Agriculture
  • Precision Surveying and Mapping
  • Wildlife Monitoring
  • Vital Infrastructure Monitoring
  • Public Affairs
  • Cultural Resources
  • Traffic Monitoring and Control
  • Migration Monitoring
  • Search and Rescue
  • Disaster Analysis
  • Anti-terrorism
  • Firefighting Support
  • Public Safety
  • 911 Response
  • Potential For Many Others

Potential Uses for Government

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Potential Economic Benefits

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  • The FAA estimates that 7,500 commercial UAS will be viable within 5

years and as many as 30,000 by 2020

  • The state is poised to support an emerging private industry that

would bring a predicted 1200 jobs and related economic development to NC

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Governance and Operations

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board Educational Entities State Agencies

  • r Local

Government Entities NC Emergency Management NC Information Sharing and Analysis Center

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Governs all states’ UAS operations

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration

3/6/2014

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Provide approvals, oversight, and legal/policy recommendations

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board

3/6/2014

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Provide assistance with UAS processes, contracts, research, and aircraft

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board Education Entities

3/6/2014

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Pursue UAS operations when cost/benefit considerations are satisfied

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board Education Entities State Agencies

  • r Local

Government Entities

3/6/2014

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Leverage state UAS assets in the event of a declared state emergency

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board Education Entities State Agencies

  • r Local

Government Entities NC Emergency Management

3/6/2014

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Assist the UAS Governance Board in addressing law- enforcement related issues

Governance – Roles

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Federal Aviation Administration UAS Governance Board Education Entities State Agencies

  • r Local

Government Entities NC Emergency Management NC Information Sharing and Analysis Center

3/6/2014

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UAS Governance Board

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Duties could include:

  • Developing statewide policies for UAS operations
  • Researching laws and studying law enforcement implications
  • Determining a list of pre-approved local and state uses
  • Creating standards for UAS use and operations
  • Approving or disapproving UAS operations requests
  • Establishing an expedited process for reviewing time-critical requests
  • Developing law enforcement UAS training and standards
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Outreach and Communications

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  • UAS can be valuable to the state
  • Public outreach, education, and an open exchange of information are

needed

  • NC’s program is being developed with transparency
  • NGAT shares all flight information and is evaluating options for

public demonstrations

  • NGAT, NCSU, DOT and the State CIO’s Office will support public

communications

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Costs and Funding

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Notes: 1All costs are estimates

2Full suite will not always be required

Requirement Funding Estimate Governance Board Support $215K Recurring Centralized Data Storage and Maintenance (when appropriate) $130K Recurring Full UAS start-up suite (UAVs, payloads, command vehicles, hardware, pilot, etc.)2 $850K Non-Recurring / $435K Recurring Lease costs for UAS package (on a per- hour/per-day type basis) Unknown

  • Appropriated or receipt-based model (Governance Costs)
  • NGAT Industry Membership Program
  • Manned flight funds transferred to unmanned operations
  • FY13-14 non-recurring UAS funding for DOT
  • Grants, federal funding, expansion requests
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Legislative Considerations

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  • Establish a UAS Governance Board to carry out the duties described in

the report

  • Study existing manned flight laws regarding data, privacy and safety

that could be applied to UAS operations

  • Establish standards for data collection, management and retention
  • Address time and technology associated with public records requests
  • Require notification to military installations of UAS flights in their area
  • Further study could be required if the FAA allows commercial use of

UAS or expanded operations

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Questions?

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