Understanding the Embodied Impacts of Precast Concrete and Other - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Understanding the Embodied Impacts of Precast Concrete and Other Pipeline Materials www.concretepipes.co.uk

AGENDA  Environmental Management – who cares?  CPSA Embodied Carbon Study – background & scope  Debunking carbon foot printing misperceptions  What is a carbon footprint?  Resin sourcing  Beyond the factory gate ...  Transport emissions  Site Safety - Manual lifting or mechanical?  CPSA results Vs Industry Database  who do your customers believe?  how can you convince them to use your results?  Beyond carbon ...

Environmental Management – who cares? Product Manufacturer Licensed Operator Builder’s Merchant Specifier Installer

Environmental Management – who cares?  BS 8903: 2010 Sustainable Procurement “SP provides value for money on a whole life basis”  Do procurement models really take a long term view?  To what extent can purchase decisions be influenced by sustainability credentials?  Is a price premium achievable for superior environmental performance?  Is it just about carbon?  How can we ensure that decisions are based on accurate and comparable data?

CPSA Embodied Carbon Study: background & scope Increasing enquiries for information on environmental performance of pipeline products Inconsistency of what is asked for Apparent lack of understanding of data collected Concern that comparisons not based on comparable data Conflicting claims and counter-claims by competing suppliers keen to position their offering as preferred solution.

CPSA Embodied Carbon Study: background & scope CPSA Sustainability Strategy Identified need to provide data on CPSA members sign BPCF Sustainability Charter and “RTB” environmental performance Charter Scheme membership Detailed internal audit of pipes and manholes through life cycle stages Comparisons with alternative materials and construction techniques.

CPSA Embodied Carbon Study: background & scope Independently reviewed Results validated and accredited by industry experts to recognised methodology (PAS 2050) Use information to: • Educate • Differentiate • Substantiate.

Debunking carbon foot printing misperceptions What is a carbon footprint?  CO 2 and other GHG emissions associated with a product and activities along its supply chain contributing to climate change  Sub-set of LCA which covers other burdens  Uses indicators such as GWP to reflect relative effect of GHG compared with CO 2  Main unit of measure is kg of CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 e). Greenhouse gas Chemical formula GWP Conversion GWP Conversion Factors (IPCC Factors (IPCC 2001 figures) 2007 Figures) Carbon Dioxide CO 2 1 1 Methane CH 4 21 25 Nitrous Oxide N 2 O 310 298 SF 6 11,700 14,800 Sulphur Hexafluoride HFC-23 CHF 3 23,900 22,800 Source: IPCC, 2007

What is a carbon footprint?  Most industry databases currently CO 2 based; not all figures reported are CO 2 e  Example: Bath University ICE Database V1.6a used for many default values for EA, HA, utility company and many other carbon calculators  Some products / activities have higher % non-CO 2 emissions. HDPE PVC Pipes Pipes As reported by 2,000 Kg 2,500 Kg ICE database CO 2 /t CO 2 /t V1.6a(CO 2 only) at time of CPSA study As reported by 2,000 Kg 2,500 Kg Plastics Europe CO 2 /t CO 2 /t study and ICE + + V2.0 published 20 CH 4 /t 29 CH 4 /t February 2011 + + <1 N 2 O/t <1 N 2 O/t 2,520 Kg 3,200 Kg CO 2 e/t CO 2 e/t

Measuring carbon footprint - Standards ISO 14040/44 1. PAS 2050 2. Coming: 3. ISO 14067 EN15804

System Boundaries - concrete pipes

Debunking carbon foot printing misperceptions Plastic pipes – resin sourcing Crude Oil Natural Extraction Gas Basic Refinery Basic Refinery Processes Processes Raw materials Cracking (Refinery)  As by-product from High density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene cracking associated with gasoline  Polypropylene (PP) Polymerization Propylene EDC Production Chlorine High Density  Polyethylene U-polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) Polypropylene VCM (HDPE) resin resin Production/ Cracking of EDC Polymerization PVC Pipe Extrusion & Packaging  UN reports reveal that CO 2 e from shipping underestimated by ~300%. www.concretepipes.co.uk

Resin sourcing – Western Europe (Italy) Oil extracted, processed, cracked and thermoplastics developed at Rosignano, Italy Exported from La Spezia Port, Italy (132 km from cracker/plant) by a 20,000t vessel 4,054 km by ship to the UK 230km by land to the HDPE pipe manufacturer. UK electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.544 kg CO 2 e/kWh Italy electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.4768 kg CO 2 e/kWh Production of pipe and resin overall impact + transport: 3,021 kg CO 2 e/ tonne of pipe (including 90 kg CO 2 e/t associated with different transport stages)

Resin sourcing – Eastern Europe (Hungary) Oil extracted, processed, cracked and thermoplastic resin developed near Budapest (at a plant owned by Hungary’s leading polymer producer TVL) Taken by land to Loughborough, UK in a 2,150 km trip UK electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.544 kg CO 2 e/kWh Hungary electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.4065 kg CO 2 e/kWh Production of pipe and resin overall impact + transport: around 2,940 kg CO 2 e/tonne of pipe (including over 180 kg CO 2 e /t associated with transport)

Resin sourcing – Middle East (Saudi Arabia) Resin will be transported from the Gulf port of Ras Tanura 11,500 km away to a UK port by a 20,000 tonnes large container vessel 300 km trip by road to the Midlands. UK electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.544 kg CO 2 e/kWh Saudi Arabia electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.7506 kg CO 2 e/kWh The overall impact is 3,985 kg CO 2 e/t and transport alone will cause around 202 kg CO 2 e/t impact.

Resin sourcing – Asia (India) Resin produced at a plant near Delhi and transported to a Port at Western coast of India Shipped by a large container vessel 13,843 km to Dover port, UK Transported by land to the Midlands. UK electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.544 kg CO 2 e/kWh India electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 1.2705 kg CO 2 e/kWh Overall transport impacts exceed 240 kg CO 2 e/t. Overall impact is 5,176 kg CO 2 e/t .

Resin sourcing – Houston, Texas Oil extracted, processed, cracked and developed at Total Bayport HDPE plant, Texas Resin transported to Halifax by sea (4215 km) by large container vessel and onward to KWH Pipes HQ and plant near Montreal (1233 km by road) by 33t truck US electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.5714 kg CO 2 e/kWh Canada electricity CO 2 conversion factor: 0.2055 kg CO 2 e/kWh Production of pipe and resin overall impact: 2696 kg CO 2 e/ tonne of pipe + Transport of resin to Canada: 222 kg CO 2 e/tonne of resin = 230 kg CO 2 e/tonne of pipe Total carbon footprint of HDPE pipe = 2926 kg CO 2 e/t

Resin sourcing – Comparing Pipes DN 2100 (84 inch) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 UK UK UK UK Canada UK UK Weholite Weholite Weholite Weholite Weholite Concrete Concrete (India (Saudi (Italy (Hungary (Gulf of pipe pipe Sourced Sourced Sourced sourced Mexico (Class B) (Class S) resin) resin) resin) resin) resin)

Beyond the factory gate ... Transport  Vehicles can often carry a greater total length of plastic pipe than equivalent size concrete or clay  Assuming like-for-like haulage distance, this can reduce total vehicle movements and lower transport emissions for pipe deliveries direct to site Bedding design and installation  Flexible (plastic) pipes require full granular surround  Rigid (concrete, clay) pipes may use other bedding designs  This reduces transport for granular imports  Also reduces transport for disposal of excavated material  Mechanical lifting should be used for all pipes > DN300 irrespective of material.

Beyond the factory gate ... Transport  Vehicles can often carry a greater total length of plastic pipe than equivalent size concrete or clay  Assuming like-for-like haulage distance, this can reduce total vehicle movements and lower transport emissions for pipe deliveries direct to site Bedding design and installation  Flexible (plastic) pipes require full granular surround  Rigid (concrete, clay) pipes may use other bedding designs  This reduces transport for granular imports  Also reduces transport for disposal of excavated material  Mechanical lifting should be used for all pipes > DN300 irrespective of material.

Gate to Site: Transport & Installation Example of Gate to Site transport emissions (inc fill material) DN2100 HDPE Excavated material removed from site 11 kg CO 2 e/m pipe per m Transport of pipes 100km 143 kg CO 2 e/m 23 kg CO 2 e/m 23 kg CO 2 e/m Granular for bedding (4.9 m 3 ) Transport of granular 86 kg CO 2 e/m 30km 30km

Gate to Site: Transport & Installation Example of Gate to Site transport emissions (inc fill material) Excavated material DN2100 concrete 24 kg CO 2 e/m removed from site pipe per m Transport of pipes 100km 48 to 84 kg CO 2 e/m 4 to 10 kg CO 2 e/m 4 to 10 kg CO 2 e/m Granular for bedding (0.9 to 2.2 m 3 ) Transport of granular 16 to 40 kg CO 2 e/m 30km 30km DN2100 HDPE Excavated material removed from site 11 kg CO 2 e/m pipe per m Transport of pipes 100km 143 kg CO 2 e/m 23 kg CO 2 e/m 23 kg CO 2 e/m Granular for bedding (4.9 m 3 ) Transport of granular 86 kg CO 2 e/m 30km 30km