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Technische Universitt Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig tubs.CITY Jahrestagung 2009 tubs C Ja estagu g 009 Towards Wireless Multi-Gigabit Systems Towards Wireless Multi Gigabit Systems Channel Models, Regulation and Standardisation

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SLIDE 1

Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig

tubs.CITY Jahrestagung 2009 tubs C Ja estagu g 009

Towards Wireless Multi-Gigabit Systems – Towards Wireless Multi Gigabit Systems Channel Models, Regulation and Standardisation Standardisation

Thomas Kürner

02.07.2009

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SLIDE 2

Towards Wireless Multi-Gigabit Systems

Content

  • Terahertz Communications Lab
  • Motivation
  • Channel Models for 60 GHz Systems

P ti diti b d 100 GH

  • Propagation conditions beyond 100 GHz
  • Free space path loss, diffraction, transmission
  • Reflection and scattering

A simple two ray model

  • A simple two-ray model
  • Regulation and Standardisation
  • Challenges and future work
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

2/37

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SLIDE 3

Terahertz Communications Lab (TCL)

TCL consists of five research groups @ Braunschweig

Terahertz Systems Mobile Radio Systems VLSI Design Microwave German Institute Engineering

  • f Standards (PTB)

http://www.tcl.tu-bs.de

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

3/37

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SLIDE 4

Motivation

Edholm‘s Law of data rates

Source: IEEE Spectrum, Juli 2004

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

4/37

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SLIDE 5

Motivation

What are potential Applications for Multi-Gigabit Radio Systems?

  • WLANs
  • WPANs

HDD

  • Point-to-point links, e.g. hard-drive to computer, camera to computer
  • Wireless extension of Ethernet and GigabitEthernet LANs
  • Kiosk downloading
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

5/37

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SLIDE 6

Motivation

Frequency Bands for Multigigabit Systems

  • Commerically available systems
  • currently data up 100 Mbps @ 2.4, 5.2 GHz
  • Several 100 Mbps with IEEE802 11n
  • Several 100 Mbps with IEEE802.11n
  • Systems currently under development, which have caused significant interest

in industry in industry

  • upcoming 1.3 Gbps @ 3-10 GHz and 3-5 Gbps @ 60 GHz
  • Future systems currently considered in research partly with first
  • Future systems currently considered in research, partly with first

demonstrators in laboratory

  • ~10 Gbps @ 122 GHz (NTT Docomo)
  • Towards 100 Gbps @ THz frequencies (300-400 GHz)

Towards 100 Gbps @ THz frequencies (300 400 GHz)

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

6/37

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SLIDE 7

Channel Modeling at 60 GHz

Building a Wireless HDMI at 60 GHz

  • Beamforming required for seamless

i service

  • Propagation Channel must be well

understood in realistic environments understood in realistic environments

  • Application of measurements and ray-

tracing to derive statistical channel tracing to derive statistical channel models

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

7/37

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SLIDE 8

Channel Modeling at 60 GHz

Measurements and Modeling of Angle-of-Arrival and Angle-of-Departure

Tx

Direct path First Order Reflections

Rx

Second Order Reflections

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

8/37

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Channel Modeling at 60 GHz

Measurement of Signal Variations caused by a Person stepping into the direct Ray

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

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Channel Modeling at 60 GHz

Generating Statistical Models – an Example from Ray- Tracing in an Empty Room Scenario

Rx

5 m

T x

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

10/37

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SLIDE 11

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Free Space Loss and Atmospheric Attenuation

180 200 140 160 100 120

50 100

80

100 500 900 Frequency /GHz 10 50 Distance / m

  • High gain antennas are required
  • Atmospheric attenuation can be neglected in indoor environments
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

11/37

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SLIDE 12

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

300 GHz Transmission System

4 m 4 m

  • 9 4 dB
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

12/37

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Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

300 GHz Transmission System

UHF FBAS-Signal FBAS-Signal UHF 855 ± 6 MHz 855 ± 6 MHz 40 dBm DVD-Player VHS-Rek. TV-Karte

d = 10 m

  • 40 dBm

Latt = 10 dB LM = 9,7 dB TM = 960 K LM = 9,7 dB TM = 980 K LZF-Misch = 8,3 dB TZF-Misch = 700 K GVerstärker = 37,5 dB FVerstärker = 7,1 dB

Mini circuits ZHL 42W“ VDI WR2 8SHM“ VDI WR2 8SHM“ ANZAC MDC 166“ VDI Di lh VDI Di lh PE Linsen

GL1 = 14 dB GL2 = 14 dB GAnt = 26 dB GAnt = 26 dB

4.185 ± 6 MHz

„ZHL-42W“ „WR2.8SHM“ „WR2.8SHM“ „MDC-166“ Diagonalhorn (WR2.8) Diagonalhorn (WR2.8) PE-Linsen

Jastrow, C., Münter, K., Piesiewicz, R., Kürner, T., Koch, M., Kleine-Ostmann, T., ‘300 GHz transmission system’, IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 44, No. 3, January 2008, pp. 213-214.

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

13/37

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SLIDE 14

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

…more details on the mixer

~

W R 6.5x3 tripler am plifier and tripler x 3 DP RO 16.66 G Hz 150 G Hz

a)

signal generator 0… 10 G Hz < 0.5 mW

~

tripler 290 G Hz… 310 G Hz 50 µW 50  term ination m onitor port generator crystal

  • scillator

am plifier and tripler DP RO

b) ~

5… 15 G Hz W R 6.5x3 tripler and tripler 50  term ination m onitor x 3 DP RO 16.38 G Hz 147.5 G Hz 290 G Hz… 310 G Hz spec trum analys er

~

m onitor port crystal

  • scillator
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

14/37

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SLIDE 15

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Transmitter

Phasengeregelter DRO (16,67 GHz) Referenzquartz (10 MHz) Verstärker / V d if h (50 GH ) Verdreifacher (50 GHz) Verdreifacher (150 GHz) Oberwellenmischer Oberwellenmischer (300 GHz) Monitorport & Vorverstärker

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

15/37

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SLIDE 16

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Received signal without lense antennas

10 cm 50 cm 30 cm 80 cm

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

16/37

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Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Received signal with lense antennas

10 m 21,5 m 15 m Reflection on painted wall (4m)

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

17/37

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Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Transmission, Diffraction and Reflection/Scattering

  • attenuation is high enough to neglect

transmission as a relevant transmission as a relevant propagation mechanism in indoor environments at THz frequencies

  • diffraction does not constitute a

relevant propagation mechanism already at mm-waves

  • Reflection and scattering is the only

relevant mechanism

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

18/37

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SLIDE 19

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

An experiment using the 300 GHz system

Tx Rx

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

19/37

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SLIDE 20

Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

An experiment using the 300 GHz system

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

20/37

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Propagation Conditions beyond 100 GHz

Modelling the Indoor Propagation Channel

  • As at 60 GHz Ray-tracing is well-suited

to model the propagation channel beyond 100 GHz in indoor y environments

  • Proper modelling of reflection and

scattering processes for typical building materials required:

  • Reflection on smooth surface

S i h f

  • Scattering on rough surface
  • Reflection on multi-layer objects
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

21/37

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SLIDE 22

Reflection Measurements and Modeling

Rough Surface Scattering in Specular Direction

Scattering on Rough Surfaces plaster Raufaser wallpaper

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

22/37

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Reflection Measurements and Modeling

Rough Surface Scattering in Specular Direction

1 Raufaser, 70 Grad, TE Polarization

1 Raufaser, 25 Grad, TE Polarization 1 Raufaser, 30 Grad, TE Polarization 1 Raufaser, 40 Grad, TE Polarization 1 Raufaser, 50 Grad, TE Polarization 1 Raufaser, 60 Grad, TE Polarization 1 Raufaser, 70 Grad, TE Polarization

0.8 1 tor

0.6 0.8 aktor 0.6 0.8 aktor 0.6 0.8 aktor 0.6 0.8 aktor 0.6 0.8 aktor 0.6 0.8 aktor

Measured Surface Properties of Raufaser

1

Raufaser

0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfakt

0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa 0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa 0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa 0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa 0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa 0.4 0.6 Reflexionsfa

0.4 0.6 0.8 elative Häufigkeit

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0.2 R

0.2 R 0.2 R 0.2 R 0.2 R 0.2 R 0.2 R

  • 0.5

0.5 0.2 Re Oberflächenhöhe [mm]

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz]

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 f [GHz]

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

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Reflection Measurements and Modeling

Bistatic reflection coefficient for double glass as a function of incidence angle and frequency

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

24/37

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Reflection Measurements and Modeling

Multiple Layer Modelling

  • Calculation of reflection

and transmission coefficients by transfer matrix method Magnitude of reflection coefficient: white paint on plaster

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

25/37

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Two-Ray-Modeling at 300 GHz

Measurement set-up

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

26/37

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Two-Ray-Modeling at 300 GHz

Comparing Measurements with the Model

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

27/37

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System simulations

Influence of wall materials

Maximum achievable data rates for different for wall materials form link level simulation

Plastic mirrors Smooth plaster (=0 mm)

  • empty room scenario
  • assuming all walls are covered by

g y the same material

  • BPSK modulation
  • nce-reflected paths

rough plaster (=0,05 mm) very rough plaster (=0,15 mm)

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

28/37

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Regulation and Standardisation

Availability of additional frequency bands

Microwave range? mm-wave range?

3 GHz 30 GHz

US frequency allocations, Oct 2003

30 GHz 300 GHz

Potential at 300 GHz and beyond!

  • Currently unregulated spectrum at THz frequencies (300 GHz- 3 THz) available …

Currently unregulated spectrum at THz frequencies (300 GHz 3 THz) available …

  • …but this spectrum is on the agenda for WRC 2011 (agenda item 1.6)!
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

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Regulation and Standardisation

Spectrum issues

  • Frequency band beyond 275 GHz is on the agenda for WRC 2011
  • Agenda item 1 6 covers passive services (Radio astronomy Passive Remote
  • Agenda item 1.6. covers passive services (Radio astronomy, Passive Remote

Sensing, Aeronomy)

  • Agenda item 1 6 will most probably modify Footnote Footnote 5 565: which currently

Agenda item 1.6 will most probably modify Footnote Footnote 5.565: which currently reads „… The frequency band 275-1 000 GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services...” yielding a more detailed specification of the operational conditions of the passive i services.

  • Stakeholders of active services have to take care that the active service is not

d i th f t t removed in the footnote

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

30/37

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Regulation and Standardisation

Spectrum issues

  • CEPT and German adminstration are currently supporting the idea of keeping the

active services in the footnote:

  • „… CEPT recognizes that an identification of possible use of certain bands for

passive services should not automatically preclude future consideration of these bands for active services...”

Source: PT B(08)058 Annex 3draft CEPT Brief on WRC-11 Agenda item 1.6 (bands above 275 GHz); www.ero.dk

  • For the future interference studies between active and passive services may be

required

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

31/37

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Regulation and Standardisation

Standardisation

  • A couple of different standards have been already developed or are under

development for the 60 GHz bands: development for the 60 GHz bands:

  • IEEE 802.15.3c
  • ECMA-387

ECMA 387

  • WirelessHD
  • IEEE 802.11 TGad
  • For 300 GHz and beyond IEEE 802.15 has established a THz Interest Group
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

32/37

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Regulation and Standardisation

Standardisation @ IEEE 802

  • IEEE 802.11 Task Group ad
  • Preparing a WLAN for very high throughput (beyond 1 Gbps) operating at 60

GHz compatible to IEEE802.11 family GHz compatible to IEEE802.11 family

  • Study Group has been elevated to a Task Group in January 2009
  • Currently documents describing evaluation methodology and channel models

are developed p

  • Involvement of TUBS
  • IEEE 802.15 THz Interest Group

80 5 te est G oup

  • Survey of technological developments
  • Channel modeling
  • Spectrum Issues (WRC 2011, agenda itrem 1.6)

Spectrum Issues (WRC 2011, agenda itrem 1.6)

  • Involvement of TUBS
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

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Challenges and future work

Research: Propagation, Channel Characterisation and System Simulation

  • Verification of complete ray-tracing

model

  • Measurements and modelling of rough

Measurements and modelling of rough surface scattering in non-specular directions

  • Modelling of rough surfaces on multiple

layers

  • In-depth channel characterisation both

by measurements and simulaton E bli i l i

  • Enabling system simulations
  • Development of system

architectures (antenna concepts, transmission systems low transmission systems – low complexity !?)

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

34/37

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SLIDE 35

Challenges and future work

Research: Technological Challenges

Development and characterisation of components

  • Emitter
  • Receiver
  • Amplifier

Amplifier

  • Antennas
  • Feeding of the antennas
  • Mixer
  • Mixer
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

35/37

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SLIDE 36

Challenges and future work

An Interdisciplinary approach is required!

Building an integrated RF front end Investigating channel Antenna concepts to overcome the high attenuation at 300 GHz and beyond g g characteristics at 300 GHz (measurement techniques!) Defining the Connecting to the radio transmission system (modulation, coding, MAC) Connecting to the backbone network

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

36/37

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SLIDE 37

Towards Wireless Multi-Gigabit Systems

Further Reading

  • Piesiewicz, R., Kleine-Ostmann, T., Krumbholz, N., Mittleman, D., Koch, M.,

Schoebel, J., Kürner, T., “Short-Range Ultra Broadband Terahertz Communications: Concept and Perspectives“, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 49, No. g g 6, December 2007, pp. 24-39..

  • Piesiewicz, R., Jansen, C., Mittleman, D., Kleine-Ostmann, T., Koch, M., Kürner, T.,

„Scattering analysis for the modeling of THz communication systems“, IEEE T ti A t d P ti V l 55 N 11 P t 1 N b 2007 Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 11, Part 1, November 2007, pp.3002-3009.

  • Jansen, C., Piesiewicz, R., Mittleman, D., Kürner, T., Koch, M., ’The impact of

reflections from stratified building materials on the wave propagation in future indoor reflections from stratified building materials on the wave propagation in future indoor terahertz communication systems’, IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Prop., Vo. 50, No. 5, May 2008, pp. 1413-1419

  • Kürner, Th., Jacob, M., ‘Application of Ray Tracing to Derive Channel Models for

pp y g Future Multi-Gigabit Systems’. accepted for publication in Proceedings of International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, Torino 2009

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

37/37

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Towards Wireless Multi-Gigabit Systems

Thank you for your attention for your attention

  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kürner

t kuerner@tu bs de t.kuerner@tu-bs.de