Software Engineering Tools and Methods Fernando Brito e Abreu - - PDF document

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Software Engineering Tools and Methods

Fernando Brito e Abreu (fba@di.fct.unl.pt) Universidade Nova de Lisboa (http://www.unl.pt)

QUASAR Research Group (http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/QUASAR)

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 2 17-May-05

SWEBOK: the 10 Knowledge Areas

Software Requirements Software Design Software Construction Software Testing Software Maintenance Software Configuration Management Software Engineering Management Software Engineering Process Software Engineering Tools and Methods Software Quality

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Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 3 17-May-05

Summary

Sw Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Process Tools Software Quality Tools Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Sw Engineering

Methods

Heuristic Methods Formal Methods Prototyping Methods

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 4 17-May-05

Tool advantages

Automation of repetitive, well-defined actions

making software engineering more systematic

Reducing the cognitive load on the sw engineer

who is then free to concentrate on creative aspects

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools

• Software Design Tools

Software Design Tools Software Design Tools

• Software Construction Tools

Software Construction Tools Software Construction Tools

• Software Testing Tools

Software Testing Tools Software Testing Tools

• Software Maintenance Tools

Software Maintenance Tools Software Maintenance Tools

• Software Configuration Management Tools

Software Configuration Management Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 6 17-May-05

Software Requirements Tools

Requirements modeling tools

• Used for eliciting, analyzing, specifying, and

validating software requirements

• Examples include:
• Requisite Pro, IBM / Rational
• Caliber, TBI
• …

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Software Requirements Tools

Requirements modeling tools

• Case study:

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 8 17-May-05

Software Requirements Tools

Requirement traceability tools

• Become increasingly important as the

complexity of software grows

• Are relevant in other life cycle processes

besides requirements modeling

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools

• Software Construction Tools

Software Construction Tools Software Construction Tools

• Software Testing Tools

Software Testing Tools Software Testing Tools

• Software Maintenance Tools

Software Maintenance Tools Software Maintenance Tools

• Software Configuration Management Tools

Software Configuration Management Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Software Design Tools

Aimed at creating and checking software designs Variety of such tools is a consequence of the

diversity of sw design notations and methods

However, UML is becoming dominant and so is

the UML tool marketplace

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Software Design Tools

UML tools

IBM / Rational Rose Objecteering Together Control Center Argo UML …

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools

• Software Testing Tools

Software Testing Tools Software Testing Tools

• Software Maintenance Tools

Software Maintenance Tools Software Maintenance Tools

• Software Configuration Management Tools

Software Configuration Management Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Software Construction Tools

Program editors

Used for the creation and modification of

programs, and possibly the documents associated with them

Can be general purpose text or document

editors, or they can be specialized for a target language

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Software Construction Tools

Compilers and code generators

Traditionally, compilers have been non-

interactive translators of source code, but there has been a trend to integrate compilers and program editors to provide integrated programming environments

This topic also covers preprocessors,

linker/loaders, and code generators

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Software Construction Tools

Interpreters

These tools provide software execution through

emulation

They can support software construction activities

by providing a more controllable and observable environment for program execution

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Software Construction Tools

Debuggers

These are considered a separate category since

they support the software construction process, but they are different from program editors and compilers

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools

• Software Maintenance Tools

Software Maintenance Tools Software Maintenance Tools

• Software Configuration Management Tools

Software Configuration Management Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Software Testing Tools

Test generators

Assist in the development of test cases

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Software Testing Tools

Test execution frameworks

Enable the execution of test cases in a controlled

environment where the behavior of the object under test is observed

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Software Testing Tools

Test evaluation tools

Support the assessment of the results of test

execution, helping to determine whether or not the observed behavior conforms to the expected behavior

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Software Testing Tools

Test management tools

Provide support for all aspects of the software

testing process

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Software Testing Tools

Performance analysis tools

Used for measuring and analyzing software

performance, which is a specialized form of testing where the goal is to assess performance behavior rather than functional behavior (correctness)

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools

• Software Configuration Management Tools

Software Configuration Management Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 24 17-May-05

Software Maintenance Tools

Comprehension tools

Assist in the human comprehension of programs Examples include visualization tools such as

animators and program slicers

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Software Maintenance Tools

Reengineering tools

Support the examination and alteration of the

subject software to reconstitute it in a new form, and the subsequent implementation of the new form

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Software Maintenance Tools

Reverse engineering tools

Assist the process by working backwards from

an existing product to create artifacts such as specification and design descriptions, which then can be transformed to generate a new product from an old one

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools

• Software Engineering Management Tools

Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 28 17-May-05

Sw Configuration Management Tools

Defect and enhancement tracking tools

Used in connection with the problem-tracking

issues associated with a particular software product

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Sw Configuration Management Tools

Version management tools

Involved in the management of multiple versions

• f a product

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Sw Configuration Management Tools

Release and build tools

Used to manage the tasks of software release

and build

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Sw Configuration Management Tools

Installation tools

Used for configuring the installation of software

products

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools

• Software Engineering Process Tools

Software Engineering Process Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Sw Engineering Management Tools

Project planning and tracking tools

Used in software project effort measurement and

cost estimation, as well as project scheduling

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Sw Engineering Management Tools

Risk management tools

Used in identifying, estimating, and monitoring

risks

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Sw Engineering Management Tools

Measurement tools

Assist in performing the activities related to the

software measurement program

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Process Tools

• Software Quality Tools

Software Quality Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Software Engineering Process Tools

Process modeling tools

Used to model and investigate software

engineering processes

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Software Engineering Process Tools

Process management tools

Provide support for software engineering

management

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Software Engineering Process Tools

Integrated CASE environments

Cover multiple phases of the software

engineering life cycle

Perform multiple functions and hence potentially

interact with the software life cycle process being executed

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Software Engineering Process Tools

Process-centered sw engin. environments

Tools that incorporate information on the

software life cycle processes and guide and monitor the user according to the defined process

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Process Tools Software Quality Tools

• Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Miscellaneous Tools Issues Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Software Quality Tools

Review and audit tools

Used to support reviews and audits

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Software Quality Tools

Static analysis tools

Used to analyze software artifacts, such as

syntactic and semantic analyzers, as well as data, control flow, and dependency analyzers

Are intended for checking software artifacts for

conformance or for verifying desired properties

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Summary

Software Engineering Tools

Software Requirements Tools Software Design Tools Software Construction Tools Software Testing Tools Software Maintenance Tools Software Configuration Management Tools Software Engineering Management Tools Software Engineering Process Tools Software Quality Tools Miscellaneous Tools Issues

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Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Tool integration techniques

Tool integration is important for making individual tools

cooperate

This category potentially overlaps with the integrated

CASE environments category where integration techniques are applied

Typical kinds of tool integration are platform,

presentation, process, data, and control

E.g. XMI is used for UML models interchange in design tools

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Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Meta-tools

Meta-tools generate other tools; compiler-

compilers are the classic example.

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Miscellaneous Tools Issues

Tool evaluation

Due to the continuous evolution of software

engineering tools, tool evaluation is an essential topic

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 48 17-May-05

Summary

Software Engineering Tools

…

Software Engineering Methods

• Heuristic Methods

Heuristic Methods Heuristic Methods

• Formal Methods

Formal Methods Formal Methods

• Prototyping Methods

Prototyping Methods Prototyping Methods

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Software Engineering Methods

Heuristic methods - informal approaches Formal methods - mathematically based

approaches

Prototyping methods - approaches based on

various forms of prototyping

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Software Engineering Methods

The previous three topics are not disjoint; rather

they represent distinct concerns

E.g, a OO method may incorporate formal techniques

and rely on prototyping for verification and validation

There is a large overlap of this section with that

• f previous KA’s, namely Software Requirements

and Software Design

This is perhaps the worst part of the SWEBOK

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Summary

Software Engineering Methods Heuristic Methods

• Formal Methods

Formal Methods Formal Methods

• Prototyping Methods

Prototyping Methods Prototyping Methods

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 52 17-May-05

Heuristic Methods

Structured methods

The system is built from a functional viewpoint, starting with a high-level

view and progressively refining this into a more detailed design

Data-oriented methods

The starting points are the data structures that a program manipulates

rather than the function it performs

Object-oriented methods

The system is viewed as a collection of objects that integrate data and

behavior

Domain-specific methods

Includes specialized methods for developing systems which involve real-

time, safety, or security aspects

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Summary

Software Engineering Methods Heuristic Methods Formal Methods

• Prototyping Methods

Prototyping Methods Prototyping Methods

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 54 17-May-05

Formal Methods

Include the following aspects:

Specification languages and notations

Specification languages can be classified as model-oriented,

property-oriented, or behavior-oriented

Refinement

Refers to how the specification is refined (or transformed) into

a form which is closer to the desired final form of an executable program

Verification/proving properties

Refers to theorem proving and model checking

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Summary

Software Engineering Methods Heuristic Methods Formal Methods Prototyping Methods

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 56 17-May-05

Prototyping Methods

Include the following aspects:

Prototyping styles

Throwaway, evolutionary, and executable specification

Prototyping target

E.g. requirements, architectural design, or the user interface

Prototyping evaluation techniques

Covers the ways in which the results of a prototype exercise

are used

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Bibliography

[Cla96] E.M. Clarke et al., “Formal

Methods: State of the Art and Future Directions,” ACM Computer Surveys, vol. 28, iss. 4, 1996, pp. 626-643.

[Dor97] M. Christensen, M. Dorfman

and R.H. Thayer, eds., Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.

[Dor02] M. Christensen, M. Dorfman

and R.H. Thayer, eds., Software Engineering, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002.

[Pfl01] S.L. Pfleeger, Software

Engineering: Theory and Practice, second ed., Prentice Hall, 2001.

[Pre04] R.S. Pressman, Software

Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, sixth ed., McGraw-Hill, 2004.

[Rei96] S.P. Reiss, Software Tools

and Environments in The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 1996.

[Som05] I. Sommerville, Software

Engineering, seventh ed., Addison-Wesley, 2005.

[Was96] A.I. Wasserman, “Toward a

Discipline of Software Engineering,” IEEE Software, vol. 13, iss. 6, November 1996, pp. 23-31.

Software Engineering / Fernando Brito e Abreu 58 17-May-05

Related standards

(ECMA55-93) ECMA, TR/55

Reference Model for Frameworks of Software Engineering Environments, third ed., 1993.

(ECMA69-94) ECMA, TR/69

Reference Model for Project Support Environments, 1994.

(IEEE1175.1-02) IEEE Std 1175.1-

2002, IEEE Guide for CASE Tool Interconnections—Classification and Description, IEEE Press, 2002.

(IEEE1209-92) IEEE Std 1209-

1992, Recommended Practice for the Evaluation and Selection of CASE Tools, (ISO/IEC 14102, 1995), IEEE Press, 1992.

(IEEE1348-95) IEEE Std 1348-

1995, Recommended Practice for the Adoption of CASE Tools, (ISO/IEC 14471), IEEE Press, 1995.

(IEEE12207.0-96) IEEE/EIA

12207.0-1996//ISO/IEC12207:1995, Industry Implementation of Int. Std. ISO/IEC 12207:95, Standard for Information Technology — Software Life Cycle Processes, IEEE Press, 1996.