Todays science, tomorrows device (graphics from internet sources) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Todays science, tomorrows device (graphics from internet sources) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 19, 2024 254 likes •561 views

Todays science, tomorrows device (graphics from internet sources) Quartz crystal Sundial Egypt, 3500 BC Water clock Hourglass Mesopotamia, 1500 BC 150 BC to 1600 AD Simple Pendulum: Reports of its knowledge by Chinese since 1 st

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Today’s science, tomorrow’s device

(graphics from internet sources)

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Quartz crystal

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Sundial Egypt, 3500 BC

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Water clock Mesopotamia, 1500 BC Hourglass 150 BC to 1600 AD

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Simple Pendulum:

Reports of its knowledge by Chinese since 1st century Studied in detail by 17th century Galileo Galilei and Christiaan Huygens – first to think of “TIME KEEPING DEVICES”

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Next 300 years, it monopolized time-keeping device !!

Simple Pendulum to CLOCK !

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quartz

A frequency 32768 Hz current Resonance

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Period: ~ Minutes to hours Error: minutes per hour Period: Minutes to hours Error: seconds per hour Period: One second Error: seconds per day Period: 1 day Error: minutes per hour Period: 1/32768 s Error: seconds per week Shadow clock Egypt, 3500 BC Water clock Mesopotamia, 1500 BC Hourglass 150 BC to 1600 AD QUARTZ clock 1927 –

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Atomic Clock: cavity frequency f0 Resonance Absorption

  • f microwave

Error: less than a nano second per day

6,834,682,610.904 Hz (Rubidium)

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Wikipedia

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What can we do with “precise” clocks?

Global Positioning System (GPS):

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How does it work?

  • Ground stations synchronize the GPS clocks.
  • GPS satellites transmit their positions.
  • Receiver analyzes its distance from each of the satellites,

and calculates its position on earth.

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Computing devices:

Abacus 1000 BC

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Pascaline, 1652 Mechanical calculators:

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Mechanical calculators: Comptometer: used in world war I and II

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Electric charges:

Michael Faraday: What’s the use? Soon you will pay for it

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Resistors conductors Semiconductor

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Semiconductor diode

I V

A

One-way switch

P N

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Semiconductor Transistor

ON OFF Bit 1 Bit 0 Binary logic

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First digital computer ENIAC, 1945 30 tons, 20 kW power

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1,400,000,000 transistors !!

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Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of intel

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Transistor size: What happens when we hit atomic limit? Can single atoms be a transistor?

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Size Speed Classical physics Quantum physics Quantum Field Theory Relativity

Physics of everything:

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Quantum computers !!

0 qubit 1 qubit superposition qubit

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Quantum world is strange !!

Quantum computers, if built, can be more powerful than the classical computers For example: Factoring: What are the factors of 667? Unsorted atabase searching. 23, 29

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Nucleus as a transistor:

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  • Dr. T. S. Mahesh
  • Dr. Umakant Rapol
  • Dr. Rejish Nath
  • Dr. Santhanam