Title Introduction to the tokamak operation (GOLEM specific) - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title Introduction to the tokamak operation (GOLEM specific) - Level 1 Vojtˇ ech Svoboda on behalf of the tokamak GOLEM team for the The 4th ASEAN School on Plasma and Nuclear Fusion training session February 1, 2018

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Tokamak GOLEM basic characteristics Vessel major radius: R 0 = 0 . 4 m Vessel minor radius: r 0 = 0 . 1 m Plasma minor radius: a = 0 . 06 m Toroidal magnetic field: B t < 0 . 5 T Plasma Current: I p = 8 kA Electron density: n e ≈ 0 . 2 − 3 × 10 19 m − 3 Electron temperature: T e = 100 eV Ion temperature: T i = 50 eV Discharge duration: τ p = 25 ms

Tokamak GOLEM for education - historical background

GOLEM The new location of the tokamak is just next to the old Prague Jewish cemetery where Rabi Loew (Golem builder) is burried, and that is why it was renamed GOLEM (and also for the symbol of potential power you get if you know the magic). Interestingly, here in Prague, where the Golem legend originated, Golem is not perceived as a symbol of evil, but rather as a symbol of power which might be useful but is very challenging to handle. To learn more of the Golem legend, see e.g. wikipedia.

The global schematic overview of the GOLEM experiment Virtual control room Tokamak technology setup internet (remote participation) authorization USER WWW control Data presentation interface HTML & PHP scripts HTML (www pages) WWW server OpenSSH server Control PC SSH control interface WINDOWS via putty Data handling Basic plasma diagnostics OpenSSH server *wget *gnuplot *idl *mathematica LINUX via ssh *matlab or ssh+X tunnel *etc... (advanced mode)

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

The technology to conquer: make a µ Sun on the Earth

Magnetic confinement requires the toroidal geometry

The thermonuclear reaction takes place in the chamber

Toroidal magnetic field coils secure the plasma confinement

Transformer secures the plasma creation and heating

The final technology alltogether

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber Preionization (electron gun) pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to C CD breakdown neutral gas Vacuum stand GAS 13.5 mF H 2 /He 2kV handling into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas Vacuum stand into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to C CD breakdown neutral gas 13.5 mF 2kV into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas GAS H 2 /He handling into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber Preionization (electron gun) pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas C B 67.5 mF Preionization 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field to confine plasma Toroidal electric field to breakdown neutral gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Plasma in Tokamak (GOLEM) - the least to do To do: session start phase: Evacuate the chamber pre-discharge phase Charge the capacitors Fill in the working gas Preionization discharge phase Toroidal magnetic field Current drive to confine plasma Toroidal electric field C CD to breakdown neutral 13.5 mF 2kV gas into plasma Toroidal electric field to heat the plasma Plasma positioning Diagnostics post-discharge phase

Tokamak GOLEM - schematic experimental setup Preionization (electron gun) C B 67.5 mF 2kV T oroidal magnetic fi eld Current drive C CD Vacuum stand GAS 13.5 mF H 2 /He 2kV handling

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Introduce the working gas (Hydrogen x Helium)

Switch on the preionization

Introduce the magnetic field

Introduce the electric field

Plasma ..

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Infrastructure room (below tokamak) 10/16

Infrastructure room (below tokamak) 10/16

Tokamak room (North) 10/16

Tokamak room (North) 10/16

Tokamak room (South) 10/16

Tokamak room (South) 10/16

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics

Loop voltage U l

Toroidal magnetic field B t

Total current I ch + p

Basic diagnostics @ tokamak GOLEM #22471 25 20 Loop voltage U l U l [V] 15 10 5 0 0.3 8 13 18 23 B t [T] 0.2 Toroidal mag. field B t 0.1 0.0 4 8 13 18 23 3 I p [kA] 2 Plasma current I p 1 Intensity [a.u.] 0 0.08 8 13 18 23 0.06 0.04 H α radiation 0.02 0.00 8 13 18 23 0.6 electron density n e 0.4 n e 0.2 0.0 Time [ms]

Table of Contents 1 The tokamak GOLEM - introduction 2 The tokamak (GOLEM) concept 3 The scenario to make the tokamak (GOLEM) discharge 4 The scenario to discharge virtually 5 Tokamak GOLEM - guide tour 6 Tokamak GOLEM - basic diagnostics 7 Tokamak GOLEM - operation 8 Data handling @ the Tokamak GOLEM 9 The Electron energy confinement time calculation 10 Conclusion 11 Appendix

Remote operation

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