Ticks have NO friends The Dalai Lama I love everything in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Deer Ticks ...One bite can

change your life...

Larry Dapsis Deer Tick Project Coordinator - Entomologist www.capecodextension.org 508-375-6642

Orleans Conservation Trust October 21, 2014

Ticks have NO friends…

 The Dalai Lama  “I love everything in

the world…except for ticks…”

CDC - 30,000 Cases per Year???

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2011 - MA Lyme Incidence per 100,000 people

Incidence per 10,000 people

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Avg Incidence Rate Lyme - 2005 to 2013

Dog Tick

 More “annoying” than

a disease threat in MA, but…

 Rocky Mountain

Spotted Fever

 Tularemia

Rare in MA

Lone Star Tick

 Cuttyhunk & Prudence

Islands

 Sandy Neck and ?  Aggressive biter

 Erlichiosis  STARI  Tularemia

…Red Meat Allergy

Deer Tick, or Blacklegged Tick

Tick Ambush Behavior – Questing

…Designed to latch onto any creature that brushes up against it

The Lyme Disease Cycle

• 1. Tick Larvae Hatch – Meal

#1

• 2. Nymphs – Meal #2

Retain and transmit the disease back to mice, birds, etc.

• 3. Adult Ticks – Meal #3

Deer and other larger vertebrates…Female Ticks need meal to make eggs…lotsa’ eggs

About hosts…

125 vertebrate species play in the tick-disease ecosystem… Rodents are important infective hosts – Mice are extremely “competent”, as are chipmunks Birds play a role Hosts that are “incompetent” are important for supporting tick numbers

is NOT the tick adults Fall thru Spring, 50% infected

Bite more likely to be detected

…it’s from the nymph stage

Late May into August, 25% infected Bite is difficult to detect

Risk of infection is year round, but the greatest risk…

Tick SIZE WISE ? check your bagels

Adult – Sesame Seed Sized Nymph - Poppy Seed Sized

Number of Confirmed and Probable Lyme Disease Cases Reported in Massachusetts by Month of Onset, 2012

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Month of Onset Number of Cases Probable Cases Confirmed Cases

Incidence Rates of Confirmed and Probable Lyme Disease Cases in Massachusetts, by Age Group, 2012

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 <5 5-9 10- 14 15- 19 20- 24 25- 29 30- 34 35- 39 40- 44 45- 49 50- 54 55- 59 60- 64 65- 69 70- 74 75- 79 80- 84 85+ Age (years) Cases (per 100,000) Probable Cases Confirmed Cases

Lyme Disease Transmission is Not Immediate

24 Hour “Rule”…for Lyme

“Watson, the plot continues to thicken….”

Other Diseases Transmitted by Deer Ticks

• Babesiosis
• Invades Red Blood Cells

(malaria-like)

• Symptoms include

fever/chills, severe anemia

• Blood Transfusion

Other Diseases Transmitted by Deer Ticks

• Anaplasmosis (HGA)
• Invades White Blood Cells
• Symptoms include fever,

nausea, headache, muscle pain, abdominal pain, confusion…

Incidence Rate of Confirmed Babesiosis Cases in Massachsetts, by Age Group, 2011

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 < 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 to 79 80 to 84 85 +

Age Group Cases (per 100,000)

Incidence Rate of Confirmed HGA Cases Reported in Massachusetts, by Age Range, 2011

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 < 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 to 59 60 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 to 79 80 to 84 85 + Age Group Cases (per 100,000)

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Punkhorn Conservation

% Bor-Bab-Ana

2013 28 12 0 2012 20 20 2 2011 22 20 0 2010 47 13 8 Bells Neck Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana 2013 20 12 4 2012 32 22 9 2011 23 20 0 2010 27 0 5

Borrelia miyamotoi

 Known for 10 years  First linkage to human

disease in 2012 – Russia

 U.S. cases followed

 Misdiagnosed as

Anaplasmosis

 2014 - Found in 3% of

nymph stage ticks, Cape & Island sites

Phase 1 Game Plan- Protect Yourself

 Proper Tweezers  Proper Removal  Save Tick…Record

Date

 Infection Test

Available

 Laboratory of

Medical Zoology Umass-Amherst

Phase 1 Game Plan- Protect Yourself

Community Innovation Challenge Grant - 2014

 Tick Testing – UMass Amherst  Four Counties – 32 Towns

 Barnstable, Nantucket, Middlesex, Franklin

 100 Ticks per town  No charge to submitter  www.TickReport.com

Protect Yourself – Proper Clothing

 Long pants - tucked into

socks

 Light colors…easier to

see ticks

 Shower and tumble-dry

clothes for 20 minutes

 Shoes  Deet containing products

• n exposed skin

Tick Repellent Clothing – Permethrin Fabric

• nly…Active

thru 6 washings Brands

 Ben’s,

Coleman

Note, Permethrin is an insecticide that repels and kills ticks. Read the Label…

Pre-treated Tick Repellent Clothing

 Proprietary

process to bond permethrin to fabric…

 70 Washings EPA

Claim

Permethrin Facts

 2,250 times more toxic to ticks than

humans

 EPA: Reasonable certainty that

permethrin-treated clothing poses no harm to infants or children

 Low skin absorption…metabolized

quickly

 Exposure data studied by National

Academy of Sciences

 Used for scabies and head lice control

Phase 2 Game Plan - Protect Your Yard

 Wildlife and habitat management ?  Perimeter sprays effective

…NOT the entire yard Consider all “edges”

Damminix Tubes – Eco-Health, Inc.

Phase 3 Game Plan - Protect Your Pets

 Tick check  Products such as K9

Advantix, Frontline Vaccine available for dogs

Don’t let...one bite change your life...

Simplified Game Plan Summary

 Tick Checks and Use of Permethrin-

Treated Clothing

 Perimeter Yard Spray  Pet Protection

 Several initial university studies looked

promising

– Fewer ticks on mice

 Follow-up studies, NY & CT

– Replicated, multi-year – No significant effect on nymph tick populations …not all tick-carrying animals take cotton

 Company website – testimonial driven, no

baseline data in company trial

Damminix Tubes

Can Deer Exclusion Fencing reduce tick populations

• n a

homeowners property??? Fact or Myth

• 3
• 2
• 1

1 2 3

5 10 15 20 Acres Fenced Off

Effect of Exclusion Fencing

More Ticks Fewer Ticks

Effect of Deer Exclusion Fencing on Tick Numbers

Perkins, 2008

Ticks are designed to stay a while…

Protect Yourself

 Tick Checks…Choose Proper tool for

removing an attached tick

E D C A B

NO NO NO NO

YES…pointy tweezers

So, WHAT IS LYME DISEASE ?

Lyme, Connecticut 1975 Cluster of 51 cases “Arthritis”, children & adults 1982 - Link between ticks and the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Known as a “condition” for several 100 years 2012 Europe - 5,300 old mummy Italian Alps

Lyme disease bacteria take cover in lymph nodes June 16, 2011 University of California

 Makes the lymph nodes

less effective in fighting infection

 May explain why people

can get repeated infections

• There is no convincing biologic evidence for the

existence of symptomatic chronic B. burgdorferi infection among patients after receipt of recommended treatment regimens for Lyme disease

IDSA Guidelines, 2006 ILADS, respectfully disagrees…

 Longer courses of antibiotics treatment  Repeat antibiotics for recurrence

Cary Institute, 1992-2005 Fall deer density (obs/hr), year t-2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Nymph density (per 100 m2), year t

5 10 15 20 25

R2 = 0.007

Ostfeld et al., 2006 New York

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Cape Cod Martha's Vineyard Nantucket

Deer & Nymph Tick Populations

Avg Nymph Ticks per Hour - 2007 to 2012 Deer per Sq Mile

Cape Cod 2014 Winter: Kill Ticks???

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Jehu Pond Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana 2012 19 4 8 2011 11 20 30 2010 13 0 7

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Almanack Pond % Bor-Bab-Ana 2012 24 12 0 2011 17 40 0 2010 29 5 5 Loring Foundation % Bor-Bab-Ana 2012 50 33 0 2011 20 20 40 2010 0 0 33

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Burgess Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana 2012 4 0 0 2011 0 0 0 2010 9 0 18

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Jehu Pond Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana 2013 21 21 4 2012 19 4 8 2011 11 20 30 2010 13 0 7

Permethrin Distribution

 Eastern Mountain Sports – Hyannis, Bourne  Hyannis Country Gardens  Scenic Roots – Sandwich  Aubuchon Hardware – Sandwich  Ace Hardware – Yarmouth, Sandwich  Nickerson State Park – Brewster  Agway – Dennis, Orleans, Chatham  Green Spot Garden Center - Yarmouth

Guinea Hens – The Biocontrol Rescue Squad?

Powassan Virus – 2001 to 2012 NY – ca. 5% infection rate in deer ticks

3 heart cases, deaths tied to Lyme disease

By Beth Daley December 13, 2013

Many tests to diagnose Lyme, but no proof they work

October 21, 2013

Tick Borne Diseases - Litigation

 YMCA summer camp, CT

 Teenager with severe chronic Lyme  Lawsuit for $41.7 million  Pending

 Private Prep School, NY

 Student on school-sponsored trip to

China

 Tick Borne Encephalitis – Brain

Damage

 Lawsuit for $41.7 million  Awarded

Bill H.989

An Act relative to Lyme Disease treatment coverage By Mr. Speliotis of Danvers

 HR 610 – Tickborne Diseases

Advisory Committee

 HR 611 – Committee plus $100 million

Testing, Reporting, Education, Treatment…

Nymph Stage Tick Infection

Dennis Pond % Bor-Bab-Ana 2013 12 0 2012 28 4 2011 28 2010 29 8 4