THIRD AFRICA SMART GRID FORUM Kigali, Rwanda 4 th OCTOBER, 2018 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

THIRD AFRICA SMART GRID FORUM

Kigali, Rwanda 4th OCTOBER, 2018

Presentation Title BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS OF SMART GRID ADOPTION IN GHANA Presented by Amevi Acakpovi, PhD

• Executive Member of the Ghana National Electrotechnical Committee (GNEC), Ghana
• Associate Professor in the Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, Accra

Technical University, Accra, Ghana

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Outline

 Introduction  Ghana Energy Generation and SG Efforts  Research Approach into Consumer

Behaviors

 Discussion and Recommendations  Conclusion

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Introduction

 According to (Amin, 2016) Smart Grid refers to the use of

digital information and control technologies to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid.

 A smart grid system is a self-sufficient electricity network

based on digital automation technology for monitoring, control, and analysis within the supply chain

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Importance of Smart Grid Integration

 There are many reasons to create and encourage a national

smart grid.

• Today’s grid needs to be upgraded because it is aging, inadequate,

and outdated in many respects

 investment is needed to improve its material condition, ensure adequate capacity exists, and enable it to address the 21st-century power supply

• challenges. Status quo is not an option.
• Need to control demand side energy consumption
• Need to handle the numerous DER available and provide

effective billing.

• The benefits of smart grid are substantial as explained in the

next slide

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Benefits of Smart Grid

 SG provide multiple benefits that are summarized in the following six

key value areas:

1) Reliability — by reducing the cost of interruptions and power quality disturbances and reducing the probability and consequences of widespread blackouts 2) Economics — by keeping downward electricity prices, creating new jobs, and stimulating the gross domestic product (GDP). 3) Efficiency — by reducing the cost to produce, deliver, and consume electricity 4) Environment —By enabling a larger penetration of renewables and therefore reducing emissions. 5) Security — by reducing the probability and consequences of manmade attacks and natural disasters (cybercrime on ascendance!!!)

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Challenges Encountered in Ghana

 In Ghana, the adoption of smart grid has been

very slow, and almost non-existent in some parts

• f the country.

 This slow adoption can be attributed to many

limiting factors that can be examined from two perspectives:

• Service providers Initiatives and metering systems
• Consumers behavior

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Review of Energy Generation in Ghana

 Volta

River Authority (VRA) is the main power generation company that manages the Akosombo Hydro Plant, Kpong Hydro Plant and Aboadze Thermal Plant and Sunon Asogli Power Plant (Anku, Abayatcye, & Oguah, 2013).

 On the other hand, the Ghana Grid Company Limited

(GRIDCo), is the only transmission entity mandated to provide open access transmission for all generation facilities and

 Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) and the Northern

Electricity Distribution Company (NEDCo), are also mandated to distribute power to customers in the southern half and northern half

• f

the country respectively

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Energy Generation in Ghana

The following generation mix is expected for the year 2018

 Hydro: 4,956.32 GWh, representing

30.4% of total energy supply;

 Thermal:

11,305.85 GWh, representing 69.34% of total energy supply;

 Renewables:

42.64 GWh representing 0.26% of total energy supply

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Renewable Energy Penetration is Low

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The Transmission Grid - Gridco

 5,000 km of HV transmission lines operating at 161kV and

69kV and recently, the interconnection to Cote d'Ivoire at 225kV.

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161kV closed loop grid serving the southern part of Ghana A long 161kV radial line from Kumasi to the Northern part of Ghana A 161kV radial line from Techiman to Sawla in the north-western part

• f the country, which extends to

Wa, A single circuit 225kV 220km transmission line between Prestea substation in the Western part of Ghana and Abobo substation, near Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire.

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A double circuit 161kV line connecting the Akosombo Generating Plant in Ghana to Lome substation in Togo, to supply power to both T

• go and

Benin 330kV projects that will see 330kV replacing 161kV as the primary transmission voltage

The Transmission Network in Ghana

 The transmission lines are linked to 68 primary

substations (transformation and switching substations) with total installed transformer capacity

• f 2,630MVA.

 Electricity

supply voltage is reduced at these substations to 34.5kV, 11.5kV, 6.6kV, etc., for supply to bulk supply customers and/or for onward distribution to end-users.

 The transmission network and distribution sub-

stations in Ghana are completely automated with SCADA system capable of:

• Remote sensing and monitoring
• System data acquisition and smart metering
• System control and fault management

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Review of SG Adoption in Ghana – Distribution Network

 ECG has deployed since 1995, single phase and three

phase smart prepayment metering systems

 ECG smart metering project is backed by a number

• f IEC standards that specifies the ICT requirements

for the energy meters, their criteria for acceptance test and inspection.

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ECG Progress with Smart Metering

 ECG has currently deployed AMI meters for all its bulk loads  Smart meters are gradually reaching the residential loads.  The smart meters accepted and deployed by ECG must have the

following features:

• Most calculations shall be kept on the meter and it shall disconnect the

supply when credit runs out.

• Purchases should be uploaded automatically to the meter over a wide area

communications network.

• Should there be a failure in communications, the customer can fall back to

entering a vending code manually.

• The smart meter shall have facilities to enable the supplier to switch meter

modes between prepayment and post-payment billing.

• The meters must have two ways communications
• utilities can apply policies on load management easily.

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S/N Prepaid Meters Deployed in ECG Smart Prepaid Meter T echnology Area Deployed 1 PNS Ashanti East,Ashanti West,Accra East 2 ECASH I RFID Cape coast, Kosoa, Swedru, Akim Tafo, Koforidua, Nkawkaw, Ho, Agona, Takoradi, Afienya, Nungua, Prampram 3 ECASHII RFID Dodowa, Kwabenya, Legon, Makola, Mampong, Roman Ridge 4 ECASHIII Half Assini, Kosoa, Swedru, Akim Tafo, Koforidua, Nkawkaw, Ho, Agona, Takoradi, Afienya, Nungua, Prampram, Winneba 5 SMARTG GPRS, RFID and SMART Danyame, Suame, Abuakwa, Bekwai 6 KAMSTRUP ZIGBEE, GPRS & SMART Dodowa, Kwabenya, Legon, Makola, Akuapim- Mampong, Roman Ridge 7 SMARTCASH BOT RFID & SMART Kaneshie, Bortiano, Nsawam, Achimota, Dansoman, Korle-Bu 8 SMARTCASH BXC

Bortianor, Teshie, Nsawam, Achimota, Ablekuma,

9 ENERSMART RF & GPRS, RFID

Ayigya, Asokwa, Mampong, Kwabre, Konongo, Effiduase

10 LIBERTY GPRS & SMART

Akuapim Mampong

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Where exactly has SG Adoption reached in Ghana? SGM Model

 A model which can guide the transformation of a

power system towards a smarter grid is known as Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM) [a].

 The model helps in

• strategic business development
• decision making framework,
• investment and rate cases,
• building explicit plans on movement from a level to

another,

• measurement of progress using key performance

indicators (KPI’s)[a].

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[a] Julius Abayateye, Norbert Anku, Samuel Oguah (2015) “Smart Grid: An Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges in its Deployment in the Ghana Power System” IEEE Conference-GridCo Ghana

 Ghana: From Level 0 to Level II or III in 2018

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Consumers’ Perception of SG

 What is the degree of involvement of the

consumers in Ghana?

 Are people making use of smart devices?  Are they integrating some DERs?  What are the barriers? And what can be

done to change the user behaviour?

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Method: Investigation of Barriers to the Adoption

 Five

hundred and sixty four respondents were selected from five regions in the republic of Ghana using stratified and accidental sampling

 Most questions were targeting the barriers and

prospects of smart grid adoption considering the following variables:

• effects of education, government policies, culture, societal

perception, safety and cost on smart grid adoption as well as

 Two

focus-group discussion with experts from Electricity generation, transmission and distribution networks were also undertaken

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Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model

 19 Exogenous variables + 5 latent variables

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Findings Derived from User Point of View

 Finding 1: In relation to the slow adoption

• Cost, education, government policies are strong

challenges influencing the adoption of smart grid in Ghana

• Culture and societal perception has little or no

influence on the smart grid adoption in Ghana.

 Finding II: In relation to the prospects

• Education
• n

smart grid technology, and government commitment constitute the main factors that will propel the smart grid adoption in Ghana.

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Findings from Power Service Experts

 Divergence in the standards adopted in Ghana with

regard to interoperability: IEC vs IEEE, Need of harmonization

 Cybercrimes are still on the ascendance despite the

implementation

• f

the Ghana National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy in 2014

 Aquake curricula that do not address Smart Grid in

any manner.

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Recommendations

 Introduction of Smart Grid Concepts in educational program. Original

Equipment Manufacturers such as GE, Motorola, Eaton, Schneider etc., should collaborate with academia to share skills, software and expertise.

 Awareness and sensitization campaign for increase commitment (Graph

below)

 Regulation on interoperability, Net metering implementation policies as well

as smart meters deployment in residences.

 AFSEC should advise WAPP on the adoption of selected standard for

interoperability

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Conclusion

 In summary, this study reviewed the status of

smart grid opportunities and challenges in Ghana, and also developed some recommendations to hasten the adoption process.

 Much efforts and commitment from both

service providers and consumers are needed to move Ghana to level 3 or 4 of SG Maturity Model Implementation in the next 4 years.

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Presenter Details Name: Amevi Acakpovi, Engr, PhD, Assoc. Prof. Tel: +233(0)200393112 (WhatsApp) Email: acakpovia@gmail.com Institution: Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana Executive Member, Ghana National Electrotechnical Committee

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