The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group - PDF document

The use of different IVT-systems – results from focus-group interviews from the EU-project INTERACTION Clemens Kaufmann & Ralf Risser 24/10/2011 The project INTERACTION • Driver INTERACTION with in-vehicle technologies • EU 7th framework programme • 2008 to 2012

Partners • ERT - Europe Recherche Transport (F) • IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (F) • ADI/CIGEST - Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação / Centro de Investigação em Gestão (P) • CDV - Centrum Dopravniho Vyzkumu v.v.i. (CZ) • CTAG - Fundación para de Galicia (Spain) • FACTUM - FACTUM Chaloupka & Risser (A) • INTEMPORA - INTEMPORA SA (F) • SWOV - Institute for Road Safety Research (L) • TRL – Transport Research Laboratory (UK) • VTT - Technical Research Centre of Finland (SF) Objectives • � better understanding of driver interactions with In-Vehicle Technologies • focus on mature technologies already on the market and adopted by European drivers – Cruise Control (CC) – Speed Limiter (SL) – Mobile Phone (MP) – Navigation System (NAvSat) • identify patterns of use of systems by European drivers in everyday life • analyse effects on driver’s behaviour and skills in normal and emergency situations • highlight individual & cross-country differences

RR1 Methods Registered behaviour Focus Group Interviews - Method • Qualitative method • Group discussion with six to ten participants • Participants can respond to comments of others

Slajd 5 RR1 links oben "qualitative" unten rechst "registered" Ralf Risser; 2011-05-19

Focus Group Interviews - INTERACTION • FGI in five European countries (A, SF, F, P, ES) • Up to three hours � each FGI two systems • Photo presentation and description of the system • Discussion lead by a moderator who followed a discussion guide • Questionnaires (demographic characteristics, driving experience, travel patterns, general use of systems) • Main objective: – to collect information how drivers interact with the systems: why, where, when and how. – critical and unexpected situations C1 Each partner: six FGI Focus Groups Sessions Cruise Control (CC) Navigation System (NS) Speed Limiter (SL) Mobile Phone (MP) Young drivers : Users & Users & � Up to 24 years-old � Between 1 and 5 years of driving licence non-users non-users � A minimum of 10 000 Km driven last 12 months � Have the system at least for one year Standard drivers : Users & Users & � Between 35 and 55 years-old � More than 10 years of driving licence non-users non-users � Between 10 000 to 20 000 Km driven last 12 months � Have the system at least for one year Experienced drivers: Users & Users & � Between 35 and 55 years-old � More than 10 years of driving licence non-users non-users � A minimum of 20 000 Km driven last 12 months � Have the system at least for one year

Slajd 8 C1 müssen gemischte Gruppen gewesen sein (Verwender und Nicht-V), sonst wären das ja 12 FGs per Land, oder? Waren gemischte gruppen. Wir hatten Personen in den gruppen die das system haben und verwenden und personen die das system zwar haben aber selten oder gar nicht verwenden Clemens; 2011-05-19

Sample FGI CC and SL Sessions NavSat and MP Sessions Mean SD Mean SD N M F N M F age age age age 28 45,07 8,08 25 3 37 43,27 7,76 35 2 Experienced Standard 38 40,63 5,81 24 14 38 39,95 6,04 18 20 Young 45 22,76 3,48 34 11 47 23,36 2,82 32 15 Total 111 34,50 11,41 83 28 122 34,57 10,63 85 37 Main results FGI – CC use of CC none use Main situations • highways • in heavy traffic conditions • when the traffic is light • in urban areas • on straight roads in rural areas • road with curves or hilly roads • in urban areas • bad weather conditions Other situations • feeling tired • at night • to have a relaxed driving • in tunnels in freeways, when overtaking trucks • the driver has the disposition to activate it • in unfamiliar roads • radars/speed controls can be • when road conditions required the expected driver to be more attentive than usual advantages disadvantages • physical and mental comfort • loss of attention • a safety factor • drowsiness • the ease of use • not being usable at all times • helps to reduce fuel • dangerous in some situations (sharp bends, when raining, while overtaking, while driving • allows the performance of other tasks in urban areas) • to avoid speeding penalties • loss of control and loss of pleasure feeling • improve the traffic flow

Main results FGI – SL use none use Main situations • in urban areas • do not like this system • areas with speed controls • not feel the need to use it Other situations • highways • not knowing how to use it • rural areas • even the possibility to use it not considering • heavy traffic conditions • unfamiliar areas • familiar roads. • short sections of the road with advantages disadvantages •mental comfort •emergency deactivation •reduce the risk of having a speed fine •SL had no advantages and frustrating •allow for being more focused on the road •be annoying •help avoiding driving too fast due to distraction •not useful if the legal limits change in short sections of the road •useful when driving new car models (speed might not be felt � legal limits exceeded easily) •not efficient going down a hilly road •when other drivers are at the wheel (e.g. driver´s •take away the responsibility of the drivers. son or daughter / junior driver) •higher effort demanded by the system •when raining •loss of control and loss of safety feeling •at night Main results FGI – NavSat use none use Main • to find unknown locations/unfamiliar situations places • when routes/areas are known • during holidays and stays abroad • continuous companion • for daily journeys • to get to know names of places Other • mostly in cities • information on the system not updated situations • for longer distances • when the system is sending confusing/incoherent information • in rushing situations • in cities (higher complexity of the road • when driving for working purposes environment – more focus on driving) • just at weekends • when there is no time pressure advantages disadvantages • finding important points •sometimes contradictory, not clear and wrong information • the guidance support given •source of distraction • the comfort and save time •can induce to guidance dependency • money and the environment. •updates are expensive and require additional • to have a better route planning effort and time • information on radar positioning, speed limit, •system loses the satellite connection current speed

Main results FGI – MP use none use • when focusing on driving Main •in longer trips • when it’s possible to do it later situations •in rural roads • call arrives shortly before the end of the trip •while the car is stopped • call related to business, an emotional matter •at the highway when the driving is or it is foreseen to be difficult and long more monotonous • when the police is near • driving in cities and in high traffic density Other • only for short calls • in unfamiliar areas or searching for the way situations • for important/business calls • when hands-free is not connected • emergency situations • in hurry moments • when the police is not around • in mountain areas • in low traffic conditions • while rain • when the driver feels bored • in tunnels • in familiar roads • wishing to have a quiet and relaxing trip advantages disadvantages • helpful when being lost or late • distraction • useful in emergency situations • induces difficulties in the driving task • for important calls (braking in time, controlling speed/ lateral • utilize time efficiently - combine work with driving position) • to stay awake or even to relax • loose mobile phone inside the car • to be always available • feeling pressured to answer the calls while driving Discussion CC and SL • Use of systems according to the situational context – Road design and the traffic conditions – CC is frequently used on highways – SL is used more frequently in urban areas and roads with speed controls • Regarding the speed setting – higher speeds are used with CC – SL were presented as closer and more related with the legal limit • CC is more linked with comfort and SL with the speed control • Changes in driving behaviour – CC: Feeling more relaxed, different position of feet and legs – SL do not induce changes • Disadvantages – CC: monotonous driving and feeling that the set speed may not be adequate to all the situations – SL: need to exceed the set speed in an emergency situation.