The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group - - PDF document

▶
the use of different ivt systems results from focus group
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group - - PDF document

Mar 17, 2023 16 likes •136 views

The use of different IVT-systems results from focus-group interviews from the EU-project INTERACTION Clemens Kaufmann & Ralf Risser 24/10/2011 The project INTERACTION Driver INTERACTION with in-vehicle technologies EU 7th

slide-1
SLIDE 1

24/10/2011

The use of different IVT-systems – results from focus-group interviews from the EU-project INTERACTION

Clemens Kaufmann & Ralf Risser

The project INTERACTION

  • Driver INTERACTION with in-vehicle

technologies

  • EU 7th framework programme
  • 2008 to 2012
slide-2
SLIDE 2

Partners

  • ERT - Europe Recherche Transport (F)
  • IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et

Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (F)

  • ADI/CIGEST - Associação para o Desenvolvimento da

Investigação / Centro de Investigação em Gestão (P)

  • CDV - Centrum Dopravniho Vyzkumu v.v.i. (CZ)
  • CTAG - Fundación para de Galicia (Spain)
  • FACTUM - FACTUM Chaloupka & Risser (A)
  • INTEMPORA - INTEMPORA SA (F)
  • SWOV - Institute for Road Safety Research (L)
  • TRL – Transport Research Laboratory (UK)
  • VTT - Technical Research Centre of Finland (SF)

Objectives

  • better understanding of driver interactions with In-Vehicle

Technologies

  • focus on mature technologies already on the market and

adopted by European drivers

– Cruise Control (CC) – Speed Limiter (SL) – Mobile Phone (MP) – Navigation System (NAvSat)

  • identify patterns of use of systems by European drivers in

everyday life

  • analyse effects on driver’s behaviour and skills in normal and

emergency situations

  • highlight individual & cross-country differences
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Methods

Registered behaviour

RR1

Focus Group Interviews - Method

  • Qualitative method
  • Group discussion with six to ten

participants

  • Participants can respond to comments of
  • thers
slide-4
SLIDE 4

Slajd 5 RR1 links oben "qualitative" unten rechst "registered"

Ralf Risser; 2011-05-19

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Focus Group Interviews - INTERACTION

  • FGI in five European countries (A, SF, F, P, ES)
  • Up to three hours each FGI two systems
  • Photo presentation and description of the system
  • Discussion lead by a moderator who followed a

discussion guide

  • Questionnaires (demographic characteristics, driving

experience, travel patterns, general use of systems)

  • Main objective:

– to collect information how drivers interact with the systems: why, where, when and how. – critical and unexpected situations

Each partner: six FGI

Users & non-users Users & non-users

Experienced drivers:

Between 35 and 55 years-old More than 10 years of driving licence A minimum of 20 000 Km driven last 12 months Have the system at least for one year

Users & non-users Users & non-users

Standard drivers:

Between 35 and 55 years-old More than 10 years of driving licence Between 10 000 to 20 000 Km driven last 12

months

Have the system at least for one year

Users & non-users Users & non-users

Young drivers:

Up to 24 years-old Between 1 and 5 years of driving licence A minimum of 10 000 Km driven last 12 months Have the system at least for one year

Navigation System (NS) Mobile Phone (MP) Cruise Control (CC) Speed Limiter (SL) Focus Groups Sessions

C1

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Slajd 8 C1 müssen gemischte Gruppen gewesen sein (Verwender und Nicht-V), sonst wären das ja 12 FGs per Land, oder? Waren gemischte gruppen. Wir hatten Personen in den gruppen die das system haben und verwenden und personen die das system zwar haben aber selten oder gar nicht verwenden

Clemens; 2011-05-19

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Sample FGI

37 85 10,63 34,57 122 28 83 11,41 34,50 111 Total 15 32 2,82 23,36 47 11 34 3,48 22,76 45 Young 20 18 6,04 39,95 38 14 24 5,81 40,63 38 Standard 2 35 7,76 43,27 37 3 25 8,08 45,07 28

Experienced

F M SD age Mean age N F M SD age Mean age N NavSat and MP Sessions CC and SL Sessions

Main results FGI – CC

  • at night
  • in tunnels in freeways, when
  • vertaking trucks
  • in unfamiliar roads
  • when road conditions required the

driver to be more attentive than usual

  • feeling tired
  • to have a relaxed driving
  • the driver has the disposition to

activate it

  • radars/speed controls can be

expected Other situations

  • in heavy traffic conditions
  • in urban areas
  • road with curves or hilly roads
  • bad weather conditions
  • highways
  • when the traffic is light
  • on straight roads in rural areas
  • in urban areas

Main situations

none use use of CC

  • loss of attention
  • drowsiness
  • not being usable at all times
  • dangerous in some situations (sharp bends,

when raining, while overtaking, while driving in urban areas)

  • loss of control and loss of pleasure feeling
  • physical and mental comfort
  • a safety factor
  • the ease of use
  • helps to reduce fuel
  • allows the performance of other tasks
  • to avoid speeding penalties
  • improve the traffic flow

disadvantages advantages

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Main results FGI – SL

  • not knowing how to use it
  • even the possibility to use it not

considering

  • highways
  • rural areas
  • heavy traffic conditions
  • unfamiliar areas
  • familiar roads.
  • short sections of the road with

Other situations

  • do not like this system
  • not feel the need to use it
  • in urban areas
  • areas with speed controls

Main situations

none use use

  • emergency deactivation
  • SL had no advantages and frustrating
  • be annoying
  • not useful if the legal limits change in short

sections of the road

  • not efficient going down a hilly road
  • take away the responsibility of the drivers.
  • higher effort demanded by the system
  • loss of control and loss of safety feeling
  • mental comfort
  • reduce the risk of having a speed fine
  • allow for being more focused on the road
  • help avoiding driving too fast due to distraction
  • useful when driving new car models (speed might

not be felt legal limits exceeded easily)

  • when other drivers are at the wheel (e.g. driver´s

son or daughter / junior driver)

  • when raining
  • at night

disadvantages advantages

Main results FGI – NavSat

  • information on the system not updated
  • when the system is sending

confusing/incoherent information

  • in cities (higher complexity of the road

environment – more focus on driving)

  • when there is no time pressure
  • mostly in cities
  • for longer distances
  • in rushing situations
  • when driving for working purposes
  • just at weekends

Other situations

  • when routes/areas are known
  • for daily journeys
  • to find unknown locations/unfamiliar

places

  • during holidays and stays abroad
  • continuous companion
  • to get to know names of places

Main situations

none use use

  • sometimes contradictory, not clear and wrong

information

  • source of distraction
  • can induce to guidance dependency
  • updates are expensive and require additional

effort and time

  • system loses the satellite connection
  • finding important points
  • the guidance support given
  • the comfort and save time
  • money and the environment.
  • to have a better route planning
  • information on radar positioning, speed limit,

current speed

disadvantages advantages

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Main results FGI – MP

  • in unfamiliar areas or searching for the way
  • when hands-free is not connected
  • in hurry moments
  • in mountain areas
  • while rain
  • in tunnels
  • wishing to have a quiet and relaxing trip
  • only for short calls
  • for important/business calls
  • emergency situations
  • when the police is not around
  • in low traffic conditions
  • when the driver feels bored
  • in familiar roads

Other situations

  • when focusing on driving
  • when it’s possible to do it later
  • call arrives shortly before the end of the trip
  • call related to business, an emotional matter
  • r it is foreseen to be difficult and long
  • when the police is near
  • driving in cities and in high traffic density
  • in longer trips
  • in rural roads
  • while the car is stopped
  • at the highway when the driving is

more monotonous Main situations

none use use

  • distraction
  • induces difficulties in the driving task

(braking in time, controlling speed/ lateral position)

  • loose mobile phone inside the car
  • feeling pressured to answer the calls while

driving

  • helpful when being lost or late
  • useful in emergency situations
  • for important calls
  • utilize time efficiently - combine work with driving
  • to stay awake or even to relax
  • to be always available

disadvantages advantages

Discussion CC and SL

  • Use of systems according to the situational context

– Road design and the traffic conditions – CC is frequently used on highways – SL is used more frequently in urban areas and roads with speed controls

  • Regarding the speed setting

– higher speeds are used with CC – SL were presented as closer and more related with the legal limit

  • CC is more linked with comfort and SL with the speed control
  • Changes in driving behaviour

– CC: Feeling more relaxed, different position of feet and legs – SL do not induce changes

  • Disadvantages

– CC: monotonous driving and feeling that the set speed may not be adequate to all the situations – SL: need to exceed the set speed in an emergency situation.

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Discussion NavSat

  • Main use:

– travelling to unfamiliar places – for getting assistance in guidance – finding alternative ways in familiar paths

  • Not using the system depends:

– on the context e.g. when travelling in familiar areas – accuracy of the information: when the information becomes confusing or is not updated drivers

  • Enter a destination: before and/or while driving
  • Visual and voice outputs are important
  • Important information:

– Indications of time and kilometres needed to reach the destination – distance to the next manoeuvre – indication of the current speed limit used during a trip

Discussion MP

  • Use is not uniquely dependent on the

situational context

– Even if the participants feel that according to the situation they have to be more attentive and concentrated (in unfamiliar roads, in cities when the traffic is dense) decision of taking a call or not is first based on who is calling – avoid using MP when the police is around (either drivers do not know the law in detail or do not use frequently a hands-free system) – presence of passengers influence the use of MP

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Final discussion

  • Different systems are used in distinct ways among

users

  • Use of the systems may not be exclusively dependent
  • n safety issues but also on comfort, personal

motives, and efficiency

  • Systems which restrain the actions of the driver or

represent a loss of control seen as disadvantage and dangerous in particular situations

  • Drivers know the basic functions of a system but

may not know all the possibilities of its use

  • Interaction/activation of the systems may influence the

driving task negatively but participants use it even when the safety conditions are not totally assured

Next steps

  • Results were used to design further

experimentation

– Standardised questionnaire – Naturalistic behaviour observations – In-depth driving behaviour observations

slide-12
SLIDE 12

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Next possibility park right and ask a pedestrian for the way!