GM Car Network Project March 18 th , 2004 Participatory Design Analysis Prepared By Jim Garretson Whitney Hess Jordan Kanarek Mathilde Pignol Megan Shia March 27,2004
Participatory Design Analysis A participatory design session was held on March 18 th , 2004 from 6:00–8:00 pm by the GM Car Network Group. This document represents the explanation of and analysis for this event. Purpose The main purpose of this participatory design session was to better understand what people currently do in their vehicles during commutes. We also hoped to better understand what people might do in their vehicle if their radio were given additional functionality. Specifically, we hoped to gather data that would help us make design decisions about our concept of an in-vehicle personal radio station. The areas of interest with respect to pending design decisions included: • Community-building or personal? • Types of use: music, games, talk shows? • Levels of control: what do they want/need? • One-way or two-way communication? • What is a “station”? • Do users need to be told what “station” they are on? • Is XM Satellite Radio useful/pleasant/worth the money? • How are DJ’s currently perceived? • Will people ever warn a station if they don’t like it? Participants Of the seven participants present at the participatory design session, five were male and two were female. Their average age was 31. All of the participants used their car at least five days a week to drive to work or school, averaging 48 minutes roundtrip. All participants either rarely or never used car pools. Questionnaire Overview “Questionnaire” Name Activities Questionnaire Primary Objective Determine demographics of participants. Get a general idea of what they do in their car during commutes. Secondary Objective Get participants thinking about being in their cars. Materials Questionnaire with 25 multiple-choice and short answer questions, and a pen. Moderator/Assistant Mathilde, with Jordan assisting Duration 20 minutes G M - N e t w o r k 1 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis Procedure Each participant was given the questionnaire to complete by themselves. They were able to write in additional comments directly on the paper if relevant. Analysis Each questionnaire was analyzed in order to determine general trends within the participants. It should be noted that with only 7 participants, general trends can be noted, but statistical significance cannot be determined. For complete questionnaire results, see the Appendix. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Read a book Listen to the Listen to CDs Put on Talk on the Shave or the Eat radio or cassettes makeup cell phone newspaper Number of responses 6 5 0 0 1 3 4 Figure 1: Answers to the question: What do you do in your car on your way to work or school? 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 XM or Sirius Talk (non- FM AM (satellite Internet News news) radio) 7 1 0 1 2 2 Number of responses Figure 2: Answers to the question: What kind of radio do you listen to? G M - N e t w o r k 2 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Nothing better to Drown out sound Entertainment News do of traffic Number of responses 7 5 4 2 Figure 3: Answers to the question: Why do you listen to the radio? 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 After every song or I usually just leave it Every 1 5 minutes Every 30 minutes Every hour at the commercials on 3 1 1 0 2 Number of responses Figure 4: Answers to the question: How often do you change radio stations when you are in the car? G M - N e t w o r k 3 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis Figure 5: Answers to the question: Average times for ideal radio station in a given hour? Activities Participants completed two exercises in addition to the questionnaire. The In My Car collage came first, followed by the Create Your Own Radio exercise. For examples of materials used in each exercise, see the Appendix. In My Car... Overview “In My Car” Name Activities Collages Primary Objective When people think about their car and driving, what is important to them? What happens frequently when they are on the road? What is less import and less frequent? Secondary Objective Break the ice; let participants ease into more relaxed, creative thinking. Materials Poster boards with a bulls eye, markers, and stickers with pictures of car-related activities (e.g., listening to the radio, talking on a cell G M - N e t w o r k 4 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis phone, eating, road rage, boredom, traffic etc.), and words (e.g., “messy,” “stressed,” “engine trouble,” “car seat,” “billboards,” etc.). Moderator/Assistant Mathilde, with Jordan assisting Duration 40 minutes Procedure Participants were given an 11x17 sheet with a dark orange circle labeled “frequent/important” and the periphery labeled “infrequent/not important.” They were also given 2 sheets of stickers containing car-related activities and a sheet of words. The moderator asked them to think about their activities/concerns for when they are driving and to place more important and frequent activities/concerns inside the circle and less important/frequent concerns/activities outside the circle. Participants were given 10-15 minutes to create a collage. Analysis We analyzed the collages, looking for patterns. We rated words or images that appeared within the “important/frequent” circle as a “3”, on the periphery of the circle as a “2” and outside the circle as a “1.” Thus, more important activities/concerns have a higher total score than less important activities/concerns. Next, we grouped the concerns into several categories, based on their conceptual similarity. For example, pictures of donuts or coffee, or the words, “eat”, “drink” or “thirsty” are categorized as “eating/drinking.” G M - N e t w o r k 5 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis Figure 6: Collages created by some of the participants. Categories Radio Pictures: Old wooden radio, Dashboard car radio, DJs / Talk show, Sports commentators Words: Controversial radio, New Music, Top 40, College Radio, AM, FM, Lots of Stations, Presets, Switch Stations, Public Radio, Commercials, Trivia games, News Personal Music Pictures: CD, iPod Words: CDs, Mix tapes, Books on tapes, Bass, Loud Music Safety Pictures: Accident, Drinking and driving (man holding beer at the wheel), Repair man looking under the hood, cell phone ear piece Words: Safe, Dangerous, Unsafe, Engine trouble, Road Rage, Cut off, Bad driving, Police, Flat Tire, Sleepy Eating/Drinking Pictures: Donuts, Coffee cup, Woman eating fast food behind the wheel, Fast food window take-out Words: Eat, Hungry, Thirsty Communicating Pictures: Cell Phone, Woman holding her cell phone and driving, Man with a earpiece and microphone G M - N e t w o r k 6 27 March 2004
Participatory Design Analysis Words: Talk to friends, Cell phone, Email, Instant Messenger Distractions Pictures: Man shaving, Woman putting on makeup Words: Shave, Put makeup on, Read, Newspaper, DVDs, Games, Billboards Isolation/Privacy Words: Crying, Sing to Myself, Quiet, Isolated, Private time Getting There on Pictures: Construction, Traffic, No traffic highway, Long trip (filling the trunk) Time/Delays Words: Traffic lights, On Time, Late, Lost, HOV Lane, Slow, Fast, Navigate, Commute Aggravated/Bored/ Pictures: Man yelling, Man looking bored Words: Angry, Cramps, Uncomfortable, Stressed, Boring, Upset, Autopilot Uncomfortable Feel good Words: Laughing, calm, fun With other people Pictures: Kids, Carpooling (picking up), Carpooling (on the road) Words: Kids, Car seat, Carpooling Car interior Pictures: Neon interior car Words: Messy, Decorations Important and Frequent Concerns/Activities We considered concerns/activities that had an average rating of 2.5 to 3.0 as Important. Everyone mentioned “radio” and “time/delays”. Nearly 90% mentioned “personal music” and “being aggravated/bored or uncomfortable”. Over half considered “safety”, “isolation” Somewhat Important and Frequent Concerns/Activities We considered concerns that had an average rating of 1.6 to 2.5 as Somewhat Important. Everyone mentioned “Eating” and “communicating” as somewhat important and frequent. A little over half mentioned “feeling good” and a little less than half mentioned “driving with others” as somewhat frequent and important. G M - N e t w o r k 7 27 March 2004
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