The The North South Civil War Civil War (blue) (grey) - - PDF document

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The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures

North vs. South in 1861 North vs. South in 1861

North (blue) Union South (grey)

Confederates

Advantages

• Larger Population
• More Industry
• More Resources
• Better Banking
• More Ships
• More Railroads
• Had Lincoln
• Fighting on

Home turf-hard to invade

• Large Military

Tradition

• Jefferson Davis

Disadvantages

• Most were young

40% 21 or younger

• Lacked good

military leadership

• Did not have

industry

• No trade

agreement with

• ther countries

Rating the North & the South Rating the North & the South Slave/Free States Population, 1861 Slave/Free States Population, 1861 Railroad Lines, 1860 Railroad Lines, 1860 Resources: North & the South Resources: North & the South

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The Union & Confederacy in 1861 The Union & Confederacy in 1861 The Border States Men Present for Duty in the Civil War Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

The Leaders of the Confederacy The Leaders of the Confederacy

• Pres. Jefferson Davis
• Pres. Jefferson Davis

VP Alexander Stevens VP Alexander Stevens

Leaders of the Union

• Pres. Abraham Lincoln

V.P. Hannibal Hamlin V.P. Andrew Johnson

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Overview

• f

the North’s Civil War Strategy: Overview

• f

the North’s Civil War Strategy:

Union Grand Strategy

• 1. Blockade

Southern Ports

• 2. Take

control of the Mississippi

• 3. Take

Richmond

South Strategy

Key advantage – North had to attack and defeat the south. If not, the Confederacy will become a separate nation Defending homeland Skills – hunting, horses, and they knew the land European Help

Lincoln’s Generals Lincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowell Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott Winfield Scott George McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker Joseph Hooker George Meade George Meade Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant

The Confederate Generals The Confederate Generals

Jeb Stuart Jeb Stuart James Longstreet James Longstreet George Pickett George Pickett Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee

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http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/

Fort Sumter, SC

Charleston Harbor in South Carolina April 12, 1861 Supplies were low Jefferson Davis

• rdered the fort to

be attacked before supplies could reach it Held for 34 hours before surrendering

Bull Run (Manassas), Virginia

General Irvin McDowell Advance on Manassas Junction before he felt his volunteer regiments were ready for battle.

Bold and aggressive, Jackson earned the nickname "Stonewall" at this battle. His daring style earned for him a reputation which daunted many Union commanders

Johnston (in command) Beauregard 2896 Union 1982 Confederate Confederate Victory

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861 Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861 The Battle of the Ironclads,

March, 1862

The Battle of the Ironclads,

March, 1862

The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

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Monitor vs. Merrimack (Virginia)

The Merrimack during her conversion to the Virginia The gun turrets of The Monitor

March 9, 1862

War in the East: 1861-1862 War in the East: 1861-1862

Battle of Antietam

“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”

Battle of Antietam

“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”

23,000 casualties 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862 September 17, 1862

Antietam

After several Southern Victories, Davis ordered Lee to attack in Maryland

• Union soldiers intercept Lee’s battle plans
• McClellan waited for 4 days before attacking
• September 17, 1862
• More men died on this day - 6,000 dead 17,000 injured
• McClellan did not follow Lincoln’s orders and was replaced by

Burnside

• Union victory

As A result of this bAttle: France and England, who were considering recognizing the CSA as a legitimate country, decided to wait. The outcome encouraged President Lincoln to work on the Emancipation Proclamation – take action against slavery

Emancipation in 1863 Emancipation in 1863

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The Famous 54th Massachusetts The Famous 54th Massachusetts August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw African-Americans in Civil War Battles African-Americans in Civil War Battles Black Troops Freeing Slaves Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Chancellorsville in Virginia

Hooker lead the North Lee for the South May 1-3, 1863 Hooker expected Lee to retreat

– Hooker had nearly 115,000 – Lee had 60,000

Lee had no intention of retreating. The Confederates suffered 14,000 casualties The Union suffered 17,000. Chancellorsville is considered Lee's greatest victory By dividing their forces repeatedly, the massively outnumbered Confederates drove the Federal army from the battlefield

Stonewall

Perhaps the most damaging loss to the Confederacy was the death of Lee's "right arm," Stonewall Jackson, who died of pneumonia on May 10, shortly after 3:00pm, while recuperating from his wounds.

– “Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action! Pass the infantry to the front! Tell Major Hawks....” Then the good General paused, smiled, and spoke his last words: “Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees.”

Jackson was hit by three bullets, two in the left arm and one in the right hand.

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The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

Vicksburg

May – July, 1863. Grant for Union (Porter for the Navy) To escape the relentless shelling, the townspeople fled to nearby hills and shoveled out caves in the hills. The Union stranglehold brought the city to its knees, including 2,500

• civilians. All began to starve, resorting to eating their cattle, horses,

and pets. On July 4, 1863, Pemberton was forced to surrender. Of the 35,825 dead, only 4,550 were Union. Because of this slow and horrible defeat, citizens of Vicksburg refused to celebrate the 4th of July for 81 years.

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863 The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg

July 1-3, 1863 Confederate soldiers were going into town for supplies Bloodiest battle of the Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point. Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination, making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll. Lee’s army was allowed to retreat without immediate chase (Meade), again extending the war. This was the last battle on Union soil. Gettysburg Address delivered after this battle. Lincoln came and dedicated this battleground as a National Cemetery

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Gettysburg

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Gettysburg

• General George E. Pickett spearheaded one of the most incredible

efforts in military history

• A massed infantry assault of 15,000 Confederate troops across the
• pen field toward the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.
• One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire.
• Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line,

and the magnificent effort ended in disaster.

• In 50 minutes, 10,000 in the assault had become casualties

Gettysburg

• Union casualties were 23,055

3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured or missing

• Confederate casualties are difficult to estimate - 23,231

4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured or missing

Gettysburg National Cemetery

The Progress of War: 1861- 1865 The Progress of War: 1861- 1865

1864 Election 1864 Election

• Pres. Lincoln (R)
• Pres. Lincoln (R)

George McClellan (D) George McClellan (D)

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Presidential Election Results: 1864 Presidential Election Results: 1864

Sherman’s March to the Sea

November 15, 1864 to December 21, 1864 Union General Wiliam T. Sherman and about 60,000 soldiers 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia Total War – stole food and livestock and burned houses and barns

Total Destruction: Sherman’s March to the Sea Interesting Facts about Sherman's March to the Sea

The tactic of destroying much in an army's path is called "scorched earth". The Union soldiers would heat up rail road ties and then bend them around tree trunks. They were nicknamed "Sherman's neckties". Sherman's decisive victories are thought to have assured Abraham Lincoln's reelection as president. Sherman estimated that his army did $100m in damage and that's in 1864 dollars!

The Final Virginia Campaign:

1864-1865

The Final Virginia Campaign:

1864-1865

Surrender at Appomattox

April 9, 1865

Surrender at Appomattox

April 9, 1865

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Lee Surrenders

April 2, 1865, Grant takes Richmond Lee withdraws to Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders Lincoln: With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his

• rphan...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting

peace among ourselves and with all nations.

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) The Assassin The Assassin

John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth