4/25/2018 North vs. South in 1861 North vs. South in 1861 The The North South Civil War Civil War (blue) (grey) (1861-1865) (1861-1865) Union Confederates • Larger Population Through Through • Fighting on • More Industry Home turf-hard to invade • More Resources Maps, Charts, Maps, Charts, Advantages Large Military • Better Banking • Tradition • More Ships Graphs & Graphs & • Jefferson Davis • More Railroads • Had Lincoln Pictures Pictures • Did not have • Most were young industry Disadvantages 40% 21 or younger No trade • • Lacked good agreement with military leadership other countries Rating the North & the South Rating the North & the South Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861 Population, 1861 Resources: North & the South Resources: North & the South Railroad Lines, 1860 Railroad Lines, 1860 1
4/25/2018 The Union & Confederacy in 1861 The Union & Confederacy in 1861 The Border States Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty Soldiers’ Occupations: Soldiers’ Occupations: in the Civil War in the Civil War North/South Combined North/South Combined The Leaders of the Confederacy The Leaders of the Confederacy Leaders of the Union V.P. Hannibal Hamlin Pres. Abraham Lincoln Pres. Jefferson Davis Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens VP Alexander Stevens V.P. Andrew Johnson 2
4/25/2018 Union Grand Strategy Overview Overview of of the the North’s North’s Civil War Civil War 1. Blockade Southern Strategy: Strategy: Ports 2. Take control of the Mississippi 3. Take Richmond Lincoln’s Generals Lincoln’s Generals South Strategy Key advantage – North had to attack and defeat the south. If not, the Confederacy will become a separate nation Defending homeland Skills – hunting, horses, and they knew the land European Help Winfield Scott Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell Irwin McDowell George McClellan George McClellan George Meade George Meade Ambrose Burnside Ambrose Burnside The Confederate Generals The Confederate Generals Thomas “Stonewall” Thomas “Stonewall” Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford Jackson Jackson Forrest Forrest George Pickett George Pickett Jeb Stuart Jeb Stuart James Longstreet James Longstreet Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee 3
4/25/2018 http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/ Bull Run (Manassas), Virginia Fort Sumter, SC Charleston Harbor in South Carolina Confederate Victory April 12, 1861 Supplies were low Bold and aggressive, Jackson Jefferson Davis earned the nickname "Stonewall" at this battle. His daring style earned ordered the fort to for him a reputation which daunted many Union commanders be attacked before General Irvin McDowell supplies could reach Advance on Manassas Junction before he felt his volunteer regiments were ready for it battle. Held for 34 hours before surrendering Johnston 2896 Union Beauregard (in command) 1982 Confederate The Battle of the Ironclads, The Battle of the Ironclads, Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) (1 st Manassas) March, 1862 March, 1862 July, 1861 July, 1861 The Monitor The Monitor vs. vs. the Merrimac the Merrimac 4
4/25/2018 Monitor vs. Merrimack (Virginia) War in the East: 1861-1862 War in the East: 1861-1862 The Merrimack during her conversion to the Virginia March 9, 1862 The gun turrets of The Monitor Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 September 17, 1862 After several Southern Victories, Davis ordered Lee to attack in Maryland -Union soldiers intercept Lee’s battle plans -McClellan waited for 4 days before attacking -September 17, 1862 -More men died on this day - 6,000 dead 17,000 injured -McClellan did not follow Lincoln’s orders and was replaced by Burnside -Union victory 23,000 casualties 23,000 casualties Emancipation in 1863 Emancipation in 1863 As A result of this bAttle: France and England, who were considering recognizing the CSA as a legitimate country, decided to wait. The outcome encouraged President Lincoln to work on the Emancipation Proclamation – take action against slavery 5
4/25/2018 The Famous 54 th Massachusetts The Famous 54 th Massachusetts August Saint-Gaudens Memorial August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw to Col. Robert Gould Shaw African-Americans African-Americans Black Troops Freeing Slaves Black Troops Freeing Slaves in Civil War Battles in Civil War Battles Chancellorsville Stonewall in Virginia Hooker lead the North Perhaps the most damaging loss to the Confederacy was the death of Lee's "right arm," Stonewall Jackson, who died of Lee for the South pneumonia on May 10, shortly after 3:00pm, while recuperating May 1-3, 1863 from his wounds. Hooker expected Lee to retreat – “Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action! Pass the infantry to the – Hooker had nearly 115,000 front! Tell Major Hawks....” Then the good General paused, smiled, and spoke his last words: “Let us cross over the river, and rest – Lee had 60,000 under the shade of the trees.” Lee had no intention of retreating. Jackson was hit by three bullets, two in the left arm and one in The Confederates suffered 14,000 casualties the right hand. The Union suffered 17,000. Chancellorsville is considered Lee's greatest victory By dividing their forces repeatedly, the massively outnumbered Confederates drove the Federal army from the battlefield 6
4/25/2018 The War in The War in the West, the West, 1863: 1863: Vicksburg Vicksburg Vicksburg The Road to Gettysburg: The Road to Gettysburg: May – July, 1863. Grant for Union (Porter for the Navy) 1863 1863 To escape the relentless shelling, the townspeople fled to nearby hills and shoveled out caves in the hills. The Union stranglehold brought the city to its knees, including 2,500 civilians. All began to starve, resorting to eating their cattle, horses, and pets. On July 4, 1863, Pemberton was forced to surrender. Of the 35,825 dead, only 4,550 were Union. Because of this slow and horrible defeat, citizens of Vicksburg refused to celebrate the 4 th of July for 81 years. Gettysburg Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg Casualties July 1-3, 1863 Confederate soldiers were going into town for supplies Bloodiest battle of the Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point. Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination, making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll. Lee’s army was allowed to retreat without immediate chase (Meade), again extending the war. This was the last battle on Union soil. Gettysburg Address delivered after this battle. Lincoln came and dedicated this battleground as a National Cemetery 7
4/25/2018 Gettysburg Gettysburg Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 -General George E. Pickett spearheaded one of the most incredible efforts in military history -A massed infantry assault of 15,000 Confederate troops across the open field toward the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. -One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire. -Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line, and the magnificent effort ended in disaster. -In 50 minutes, 10,000 in the assault had become casualties Gettysburg -Union casualties were 23,055 3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured or missing -Confederate casualties are difficult to estimate - 23,231 Gettysburg National Cemetery 4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured or missing The Progress of War: 1861- The Progress of War: 1861- 1864 Election 1864 Election 1865 1865 Pres. Lincoln (R) Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D) George McClellan (D) 8
4/25/2018 Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15, 1864 to December 21, 1864 Presidential Presidential Union General Wiliam T. Sherman and Election Election about 60,000 soldiers Results: Results: 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia 1864 1864 Total War – stole food and livestock and burned houses and barns Total Destruction: Sherman’s Interesting Facts about March to the Sea Sherman's March to the Sea The tactic of destroying much in an army's path is called "scorched earth". The Union soldiers would heat up rail road ties and then bend them around tree trunks. They were nicknamed "Sherman's neckties". Sherman's decisive victories are thought to have assured Abraham Lincoln's reelection as president. Sherman estimated that his army did $100m in damage and that's in 1864 dollars! The Final Virginia The Final Virginia Surrender at Appomattox Surrender at Appomattox Campaign: Campaign: April 9, 1865 April 9, 1865 1864-1865 1864-1865 9
4/25/2018 Lee Surrenders Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) April 2, 1865, Grant takes Richmond Lee withdraws to Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders Lincoln: With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. The Assassin The Assassin John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth 10
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