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TC 4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at Public Presentation April 2007 TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at The Ecm a I nternational and TC4 3 Ecma I nternational I stvan Sebestyen - Secretary General TC43 Officers Adobe -

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TC 4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Public Presentation April 2007

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

The Ecm a I nternational and TC4 3

  • Ecma I nternational

I stvan Sebestyen - Secretary General

  • TC43 Officers

Adobe - Michael Kaplan Vice-Chairm an of TC4 3 Boeing - Terrence J. McGow an Co-Chairm an and Stuart Galt Co-Editor of TC4 3 I ntel - Tom O’Rourke Co-Editor of TC4 3 m ental im ages - Tom -Michael Tham m Co-Chairm an and Lutz Kettner Co-Editor TC4 3

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Scope

  • To facilitate the reuse of 3D CAD data by developing global

3D standards intended for downstream 3D visualization applications. Program m e of w ork

  • To standardize a Universal 3D extensible file format and

infrastructure focused on the repurposing of 3D CAD data for non-engineering and non-design applications, e.g. training and visualization applications. Notable U3D features include binary encoding, domain-specific compression, continuous level of detail, progressive data representation, animation support, and extensibility to address evolving market needs.

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

The U3 D File Form at

  • History of the U3D File Format
  • 2 0 0 3 U3 D w as Established 3 D I ndustry Forum *
  • Since 2 0 0 4 Associated w ith Ecm a
  • 2 0 0 5 / 2 0 0 6 First I nitiative that U3 D should becom e a standard form at
  • Philosophy
  • U3 D Specification is Open
  • U3 D Reference Code is available as Open Source

http:/ / sourceforge.net/ projects/ u3 d/

  • No Licensing is required for the form at, Apache open source license for

reference code

* The 3D I ndustry Forum has proposed 2005 that U3D should become a standard format, members of the 3D Industry Forum are: 3Dsolve, Actify, ADL Co-Labs, Adobe Systems I nc, Anark, ATI, The Boeing Company, Cinema4D, Dassault Systemes, Discreet, UGS PLM Solutions, Fraunhofer Institute, Hewlett-Packard, Intel Corporation, Lattice, Lego, mental images, Mercury Computer Systems Inc. (TGS), Microsoft, Mindego, NGRAIN, NVIDIA, OpenHSF, Oregon3D, Parallel Graphics, Parametric Technology Corporation, RadTIME, Realviz, Right Hemisphere, Science Applications I nternational Corporation, SGDL Systems, SolidWorks, and Tech Soft America)

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Universal 3 D Road-m ap - 2 0 0 7 / 2 0 0 8

  • Planned extensions and improvements
  • Extension of the current com pression m odule
  • Adding a new Shading Model to the U3 D
  • Com pletion of the Free-Form Surface ( NURBS, Bezier, B-Spline) integration
  • Adding Hierarchical Subdivision Surfaces to the U3 D Form at
  • Adding PMI Support
  • Rem oving conflicts in the specification and precise definitions
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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

I ndustry Acceptance of U3 D 1 / 2

  • Lightweight visualization formats are becoming widely used
  • U3D allows us to reuse our CAD m odels for downstream documentation that

improves visual communication of product data

  • Lightweight formats, like U3D, satisfy a number of use cases and complement the

complete (heavy) representation contained in STEP.

  • U3D is an ECMA standard controlled and defined by an industry

consortium

  • I t is the only standard form at em bedded in pdf and understood by the

Adobe Reader 7 .0 +

  • The large install base of Adobe Reader gives U3 D instant m arket

penetration at little cost to industry

  • Harm onization betw een the tw o standards is a w in-w in situation for both

STEP and U3 D

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

I ndustry Acceptance of U3 D 2 / 2

  • U3D has been developed for product data visualization
  • I t is not intended to address general consum er m ultim edia use cases
  • U3 D contains geom etry and product structure and can visually represent

product m anufacturing inform ation

  • Widespread market adoption of lightweight 3D is already starting to
  • ccur
  • Boeing strongly supports an open standard form at rather than a

proprietary or otherw ise restricted form at

  • Boeing believes that a harmonized combination of STEP and U3D is

a compelling open standard solution for viewing 3D product data in a lightweight format

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Functional Highlights

  • Key-frame and bones-based animation
  • Facilitates anim ation for applications that repurpose CAD data
  • Extensibility of U3D format
  • Allow s to address m arket needs quickly
  • Product Meta Data associated with the Data
  • Pre-computed Continuous-level-of-detail (CLOD)
  • Enables applications to increase or decrease m odel com plexity based
  • n needed quality or perform ance
  • Domain specific compression
  • Allow for reduced file sizes
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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Structure of the U3 D File Form at

  • Binary format, little-endian architecture
  • sm all file size and efficient file I O
  • Arithmetic encoding with custom context for each entity
  • sm all file size

A File is a Sequence of Blocks

  • Declaration blocks define all entities and their relationship
  • fast loading and quick structure preview
  • Continuation blocks for geometry, animation, textures,…
  • progressive loading w ith priorities
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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Structure Elem ents of the U3 D File Form at

  • External file references or all resources embedded
  • Scene graph with transformations and object instancing
  • Each block contains data and meta data
  • Meta data is a list of key-value pairs
  • Keys are strings.
  • Values are strings or binary data.
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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Block Types of the U3 D File Form at

  • File structure blocks
  • Node blocks
  • group node, m odel node, light node, view node
  • Geometry generator blocks
  • CLOD m esh generator, point set, line set
  • Free-Form object: Bézier and B-Spline, rational and non-rational, trim m ing
  • curves. Exam ple: NURBS ( ratification pending)
  • Modifier blocks
  • 2 D glyph m odifier, subdivision m odifier, anim ation m odifier, bone w eight

m odifier, shading m odifier, CLOD m odifier

  • Resource blocks
  • Light resource, view resource, lit texture shader, m aterial resource, texture

resource, m otion resource

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Existing Support for U3 D ( 1 / 2 )

  • Format
  • PDF/ E ( subm itted for I SO ratification, includes norm ative reference

to U3 D form at)

  • PDF 1 .7 ( subm itted for I SO ratification, includes norm ative reference

to U3 D form at)

  • Playback
  • Adobe Reader ( version 7 and above) ( > 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 shipped in the

last tw o years)

  • Adobe Acrobat 3 D Office OCX
  • Adobe Photoshop CS I I I ( shipping soon)
  • U3 D Sam ple Player ( SourceForge)
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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

Existing Support for U3 D ( 2 / 2 )

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TC4 3 - Universal 3 D File Form at

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Attached Supporting Materials

  • Appendix I: U3D - Detailed Technical Information
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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Standard Scope

  • Defines:
  • Syntax and sem antics of the Universal 3 D file form at, an extensible form at for

dow nstream 3 D CAD repurposing and visualization, useful for m any m ainstream business applications.

  • Features include:
  • Execution architecture that facilitates run-tim e m odification of geom etry
  • Continuous-level-of-detail
  • Dom ain-specific com pression
  • Progressive data stream ing and playback
  • Key-fram e and bones-based anim ation
  • Extensibility of U3 D form at and run-tim e
  • Does not address:
  • Rendering of 3 D content
  • Reliability of the transport layer or com m unications channel ( to be

addressed by transport protocols)

  • Run-tim e extensibility of an im plem entation of the U3 D architecture
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Architecture: Palette Palette types:

  • m odel resource
  • CLOD mesh, line set, point set
  • light resource
  • view resource
  • shader resource
  • m aterial resource
  • texture resource
  • JPEG, PNG, TIFF
  • m otion resource
  • node
  • group, model, light, view

TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Entry Nam e

Ref

Object Palette

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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

  • Nodes have names of

palette entries; do not maintain absolute object references for long durations.

  • Multiple nodes may use

the same resource.

  • Nodes have a spatial

relationship relative to their parents.

  • Which palette is used

depends on the type of node.

Architecture: Nodes

A C B D Palette A Palette B

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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Architecture: Modifier Chain

Mod Shad Mod 2

Rendered Outputs Resource Modifier Chains Instance Modifier Chains

Mod 1 Mod Anim DP DP DP DP DP DP DP DP DP DP DP

M1 M3 M2

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File Form at

  • Sequence of blocks
  • Relatively flat
  • All objects represented in

declaration section

  • Most of file size is in

continuation section

  • Geom etry
  • Textures
  • Motion

TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

File Header Block Continuation Block Declaration Block

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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Block Type Data Size Meta Data Size Data Meta Data Data Padding Meta Data Padding

File Form at: Low -level Block Structure

  • Block Type identifier (4 bytes)
  • Data Size (4 bytes)
  • Meta Data Size (4 bytes)
  • Data (variable)
  • Usually starts w ith Object identifier string
  • Data Padding (0 to 3 bytes)
  • Meta Data (variable)
  • Meta Data Padding (0 to 3 bytes)
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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

File Form at: File Header Block

  • File version
  • Profile Identifier
  • Size of declaration section
  • Size of file
  • Character Encoding for strings
  • Optional scaling factor for linear units

(File header meta data)

Version File Size Declaration Size Character Encoding Profile I dentifier Units Scaling Factor

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File Form at: Meta Data Section

  • Every block can contain Meta

Data for that object.

  • Sequence of Key/ Value pairs
  • Key is a string.
  • Value can be either string or

binary.

TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Key/ Value Pair Count Key/ Value Pair Count Key/ Value Pair Attributes Value String Key String Binary Value Size Binary Value

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TC4 3 - U3 D Appendix I

Bit Encoding Algorithm

  • An arithmetic encoding algorithm
  • Basic types encoded:
  • Com pressed U3 2 , U1 6 , U8
  • Uncom pressed U6 4 , U3 2 , U1 6 , U8 , I 3 2 , F6 4 , F3 2 , String
  • Compressed types can be
  • Adaptive based on statistics of previous values
  • Non-adaptive ( Static) based on lim ited range of values
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