T OPI C CIVIL RE SIST ANCE IN SOUT H AF RICA IN T HE 1970s AND 1980s Wha t wa s the na ture o f c ivil-so c ie ty re sista nc e a fte r 1960? These slides give all the illustrations from Topic 4 of the Gr 12 History book, and they give them in colour whenever possible. However, the illustrations here are not given in exactly the same order as the illustrations in the book. The illustrations in the slides are ordered so that a teacher can follow a logical lecture format. The illustrations in the book are ordered to make an effective page layout, and often also so that the portraits accompany the first mention of a particular person. www.theanswer.co.za
By 1969, the SACP ha d inse rte d itse lf within a ke y org a n of South Afric a ’s na tiona l libe ra tion move me nt. www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 131
T he thre e ma in org a nisa tions within the a rme d strug g le from 1961, a nd the ir a rme d forc e s Poqo/ MK SACP ANC PAC APL A (no n-ra c ia l (no n- (Bla c ks-o nly (Afric a n (a nti- ra c ia l) o rg a nisa tio n) o rg a nisa tio n) o rg a nisa tio n) White ) www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 131
www.theanswer.co.za NP John Vorste r, Prime Ministe r of South Afric a a nd Sta te Pre side nt of South Afric a (1978–1979) (1966–1978) Se e pa g e 132 Source: Ons eerste halfeeu 1910 – 1960. Morne on http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3% AAer:John_Vorster.jpg. Wikimedia Commons.
www.theanswer.co.za A Joha nne sburg stre e t in 1970 Source: Collectie Stichting Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen. Wikimedia Commons. Se e pa g e 132
Source: Htonl. Wikimedia Commons. While Bla c k pe ople forme d the ma jority of the South Afric a n popula tion, the a re a s a lloc a te d to the m a s home la nds we re re la tive ly sma ll. www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 132
IN PRISON IN E XIL E UNDE RGROUND Ke y fig ure s of the ANC, MK, PAC a nd SACP: unde rg round, in prison a nd in e xile be twe e n 1964 a nd 1982 www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 133
Source: Wikimedia Commons. Olive r T a mbo, Pre side nt of the ANC 1967–1991 www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 133
T HE CHAL L E NGE OF BL ACK CONSCIOUSNE SS T O T HE APART HE ID ST AT E Se e pa g e 134 www.theanswer.co.za
www.theanswer.co.za Durba n boule va rd in 1970 Source: Collectie Stichting Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen. Wikimedia Commons.0 Ste ve Biko, Pre side nt of SASO in 1969 Se e pa g e 134 Source: International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF). SAHA collection AL2547.
Source: http://www.sahistory.org.za/ Onkg opotse T iro, SRC Pre side nt a t the Unive rsity of the North (1972) , SASO pe rma ne nt org a nise r (1972) a nd te a c he r a t Morris Isa a c son Hig h Sc hool (1972) www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 135
Se e pa g e 137 Photographer: Jan Hamman for City Press - News24 Polic e a nd stude nts in the 1976 Sowe to Uprising www.theanswer.co.za
Ke y org a nisa tions in the Bla c k Consc iousne ss Move me nt a nd some of the ke y fig ure s a ssoc ia te d with the se org a nisa tions Black People’s Convention (BPC) Winnie Kgware Mthuli Shezi Saths Cooper Mosibudi Mangena Steve Biko Onkgopotse Tiro Aubrey Mokoena Drake Koka Strini Moodley Aubrey Mokoape South African Black South African Black Parents Black Allied Students Union of Black Community Students Association Workers Union Journalists Movement Programmes Organisation (BPA) (BAWU) (UBJ) (SASM) (SASO) (BCP) 1976 1972 1973 1971 (established) 1968 1972 1973 (affiliated to the BPC) Steve Biko Mamphela Ramphele Drake Koka Tsietsi Mashinini Dumisani Kumalo Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Barney Pityana Aubrey Mokoena Tebello Motapanyane Charles Nqakula Aubrey Mokoena Onkgopotse Tiro Seth Mazibuko Mamphela Ramphele Khehla Mthembu Mosiuoa Lekota Murphy Morobe Mosibudi Mangena Tokyo Sexwale www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 138
www.theanswer.co.za a t Morris Isa a c son Hig h Sc hool T he sta tue of T sie tsi Ma shinini Source: City of Johannesburg website (www.joburg.org.za). Se e pa g e 139
Source: World Economic Forum. Nesnad. Wikimedia Commons. Source: MoDILA website (http://modilatrust.co.za/home). Source: http://mpine.co.za/management.html. T okyo Se xwa le Murphy Morobe Se th Ma zibuko wa s a politic a l prisone r on ha s be e n a politic a l prisone r on be c a me Chie f Ope ra ting Offic e r Robbe n Isla nd, Robbe n Isla nd, he lpe d form the of the Mora l Re g e ne ra tion the Ga ute ng Pre mie r, Unite d De moc ra tic F ront (UDF ), Move me nt, Busine ss De ve lope r is Dire c tor on the boa rd a nd the ANC g ove rnme nt’s a t MPine Me dia, Ministe r of Huma n Se ttle me nts. of Old Mutua l South Afric a , a nd Cha nc e llor of the June 16 a nd is Cha irma n of the South He re ma ins a suc c e ssful Youth F ounda tion. busine ssma n. Afric a n Na tiona l Pa rks Boa rd (SANP). www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 139
Source: Superikonoskop. Wikimedia Commons. Source: cdelondon. Wikimedia Commons. Source: www.gov.za Cyril Ra ma phosa Winnie Ma dikize la- Mande la Ba rne y Pitya na be c a me a la wye r, worke d (pre viously Winnie Ma nde la) be c a me a huma n- rig hts for CUSA, founde d NUM, ha s be e n Pre side nt of the ANC la wye r a nd a Christia n wa s Se c re ta ry Ge ne ra l of Wome n’s L e a g ue a nd the ministe r. He wa s Cha irma n COSAT U, a nd be c a me a ANC g ove rnme nt’s De puty of the South Afric a n Huma n suc c e ssful busine ssma n with Ministe r of Arts, Culture , Rig hts Commission Sha nduka , Bidve st, MT N, L onmin, Sc ie nc e a nd T e c hnolog y. a nd Vic e - Cha nc e llor of the Sta nda rd Ba nk a nd Mondi. She re ma ins a me mbe r Unive rsity of South Afric a Now, a s pa rt of the ANC, he is of pa rlia me nt. (UNISA). De puty Pre side nt of South Afric a . www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 139
Source: People’s Assembly website. (http://www.pa.org.za). Source: Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute. Source: U.S. Department of State http://www.unisa.ac.za. Nkosa za na Dla mini- Zuma Itume le ng Mosa la Dumisa ni Kuma lo (pre viously Nkosa za na Dla mini) be c a me Pre side nt we nt into e xile in the USA, ha s he ld a numbe r of positions of AZAPO, be c oming Proje c t Dire c tor in the ANC g ove rnme nt: Princ ipa l of T e c hnikon of the Ame ric a n Committe e Ministe r of He a lth, North We st on Afric a . Ministe r of F ore ig n Affa irs a nd Me mbe r of On his re turn he e nte re d a nd Ministe r of Home Affa irs. Pa rlia me nt for the ANC. South Afric a ’s De pa rtme nt of She is now the Cha irpe rson of F ore ig n Affa irs the Afric a n Union Commission. a nd the n be c a me South Afric a ’s Pe rma ne nt Re pre se nta tive to the Unite d Na tions. www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 139
Source: Tourvest website (http://www.tourvest.co.za). Source: Chatham House. Wikimedia Commons. Source: R. D. Ward. Wikimedia Commons. Mosiuoa L e kota Dr Ma mphe la Ra mphe le Khe hla Mthe mbu ha s be e n a politic a l prisone r be c a me Vic e - Cha nc e llor be c a me Pre side nt of AZAPO, on Robbe n Isla nd, of the Unive rsity of Ca pe Chie f E xe c utive Offic e r of Old a pa rt of the le a de rship of T own (UCT ), Mutua l (SA) Ga ute ng , Chie f the Unite d De moc ra tic F ront Ma na g ing Dire c tor of the E xe c utive Offic e r of Ne w Ag e (UDF ), a nd the ANC World Ba nk, Be ve ra g e s (Pe psi) South g ove rnme nt’s Ministe r of a nd a lso founde d the Afric a , a nd Cha irma n of De fe nc e . He is now the politic a l pa rty Sun Inte rna tiona l. le a de r of the politic al pa rty Ag a ng South Afric a . Cong re ss of the Pe ople (COPE ). www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 139
Se e pa g e 140 ID HE APART 1980s HE CRISIS OF IN T www.theanswer.co.za
www.theanswer.co.za a nd Sta te Pre side nt of South Afric a Prime Ministe r of South Afric a (1984–1989) (1978–1984) P.W. Botha , Source: Wie is wie in Suid-Afrika 1963. Morne on https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PW_Botha_1962.jpg. Se e pa g e 140
A me mory tool showing whic h ra c e wa s re pre se nte d by whic h house in the T ric a me ra l Pa rlia me nt of of R A E S of P S D C O L O U R E D W H I T E I N I A N E E M BLACK L S B ‘homeland E E L citizens’ G N Y A T T A E T S I V E S www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 142
T he struc ture of the g ove rnme nt e sta blishe d by the 1983 ‘T ric a me ra l Constitution’ State State (elects 1) Security president Council Electoral (chooses who and college how many people (88 members) make up the rest of the cabinet) Ministers of state departments (appointed by the state president) as well as other ministers (also appointed by the state president) CABINET Chairman Chairman Chairman Ministers’ Council Ministers’ Council Ministers’ Council for Coloured Affairs for White Affairs for Indian Affairs House House House of of of Representatives Assembly Delegates (85 Coloured ministers) (178 White ministers) (45 Indian ministers) Tricameral parliament (elects 25) (elects 50) (elects 13) www.theanswer.co.za Se e pa g e 143
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