T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Cle an Air Initiative for Asian Citie s Ce nte r T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate Change Cornie Huizenga Executive Director, CAI-Asia Center COP 14 December 2008 Poznan, Poland

Distribution of emission allowances under the Greenhouse Development Rights and other effort sharing approaches By Niklas Höhne, Sara Moltmann, Heinrich Boell Foundation, Ecofys, 2008 www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Ur ban Air Quality L e ve ls in Asia Aggregated Annual Ambient AQ Trends, µ g/m 3 (1993 to 2007) • Air quality in Asia is improving but still far above WHO limits • PM is main pollutant of concern • Ozone becoming a problem WHO (1979) TSP guideline, 60-90 µ g/m 3 WHO (2005) SO 2 24-hour guideline, 20 µ g/m 3 WHO NO 2 guideline, 40 µ g/m 3 WHO (2005) PM10 guideline, 20 µ g/m 3 Source: CAI-Asia, 2008 www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Inte r ac ting e ffe c ts AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE (Global, Regional, Urban) Air Pollutants Greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol only) Black Carbon N2O N2O CH4 CH4 SF6 SF6 HFC HFC CO2 CO2 PFC PFC www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center 4

E ne r gy Consumption and Ve hic le Gr owth in Asian Countr ie s 300 1400 1200 Energy Consumption (Quadrillion BTu) 250 Number of Vehicles (in millions) 1000 200 800 150 600 100 400 50 200 0 0 1990 2004 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Energy Consumption Number of Vehicles Notes: The energy consumption figures reflect Non-OECD and OECD countries as stated in the EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2008. The vehicle projection figures include Japan, Pakistan, Singapore, Bangladesh, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Viet Nam. Sources: EIA (2008) and CAI-Asia calculations based on Segment Y Ltd www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

T he impor tanc e of sc ale : think inte gr ate d and big 2500 2500 Scaling up: number of cities Scaling up: number of cities 250 250 Action Action Awareness Awareness Analysis Analysis Urban Urban Sustainable Sustainable Transport Transport planning planning transport transport 25 25 Single issue Single issue Co-benefits Co-benefits Sustainability Sustainability Scaling out: within cities Scaling out: within cities www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Combine d AP and CC polic ie s most e ffe c tive Source: “Air Pollution and Climate Change – scientific understanding as a basis for integrated policy making. Frank Raes et al., Joint Research Center, European Commission www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center 7

T r anspor t options to r e duc e air pollution and CO 2 AP CO 2 $ Costs Reduce emissions per kilometer Technology/ vehicle change +++ ++ low Behavioral change (e.g. Fleet mgm’t, driver’s ++ + low training) Fuel-switch (e.g. gas to CNG/LPG, to biofuels) ++ ? ? Reduce emissions per unit transported Passenger transport: Mode switch +++ ++ low-med Usage of larger units + + low Improved occupation rates ++ ++ low Freight transport ++ ++ low-med Reduce number of trips Land-use – Behavioral change +++ +++ ? - high TDM ++ +++ ? - med Source: Authors, adapted from GTZ, 2007 www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Polic ie s on AP and CC r e le vant to Asia Climate Change Air Quality • Global/regional level • Global/Regional level – UNFCCC / Kyoto protocol: No – No global agreement obligations developing – CLRTAP in Europe a success countries, Clean Development – Regional agreements in Asia Mechanism (CDM) emerging: EANET, ASEAN – Bali Action Plan: nationally Haze agreement, Male appropriate mitigation actions Declaration by developing country Parties • National level • National level policies – Clean air legislation, AQ – e.g. China, Korea, India standards in place but not well – Limited target setting enforced • Sectoral targets: – No or limited targets – Energy efficiency (e.g. China, Sectoral policies and targets • Viet Nam) – Power sector, industry, • Urban level transport – Limited but growing level of • Urban level activity – Wide range of capacity www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center 9

F or mor e infor mation CAI-Asia Ce nte r www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia Sophie Punte I nc o ming E xe c utive Dire c to r so phie .punte @c ai-asia.o rg May Aje ro Air Quality Pro gram Manage r may.aje ro @c ai-asia.o rg Unit 3510, 35 th F loor , R obinsons- E quitable T owe r , ADB Ave nue , Pasig City, Me tr o Manila, 1605 Philippine s www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center