T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 16, 2023 123 likes •231 views

Cle an Air Initiative for Asian Citie s Ce nte r T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate Change Cornie Huizenga Executive Director, CAI-Asia Center COP 14 December 2008 Poznan, Poland Distribution of emission

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Cle an Air Initiative for Asian Citie s Ce nte r

T he Co-be ne fits of addr e ssing Air Pollution and Climate Change

Cornie Huizenga

Executive Director, CAI-Asia Center

COP 14 December 2008 Poznan, Poland

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SLIDE 2

www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Distribution of emission allowances under the Greenhouse Development Rights and other effort sharing approaches By Niklas Höhne, Sara Moltmann, Heinrich Boell Foundation, Ecofys, 2008

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Ur ban Air Quality L e ve ls in Asia

Aggregated Annual Ambient AQ Trends, µg/m3 (1993 to 2007)

  • Air quality in Asia is

improving but still far above WHO limits

  • PM is main pollutant
  • f concern
  • Ozone becoming a

problem

WHO (1979) TSP guideline, 60-90µg/m3 WHO (2005) SO2 24-hour guideline, 20µg/m3 WHO (2005) PM10 guideline, 20µg/m3 WHO NO2 guideline, 40µg/m3

Source: CAI-Asia, 2008

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Inte r ac ting e ffe c ts

AIR POLLUTION (Global, Regional, Urban) CLIMATE CHANGE

Air Pollutants

4

CO2 CO2 CH4 CH4 N2O N2O SF6 SF6 HFC HFC PFC PFC

Greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol only)

Black Carbon

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

E ne r gy Consumption and Ve hic le Gr

  • wth in Asian

Countr ie s

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 50 100 150 200 250 300 1990 2004 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Number of Vehicles (in millions) Energy Consumption (Quadrillion BTu)

Energy Consumption Number of Vehicles

Notes: The energy consumption figures reflect Non-OECD and OECD countries as stated in the EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2008. The vehicle projection figures include Japan, Pakistan, Singapore, Bangladesh, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Viet Nam. Sources: EIA (2008) and CAI-Asia calculations based on Segment Y Ltd

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

T he impor tanc e of sc ale : think inte gr ate d and big

Scaling out: within cities Scaling up: number of cities 25 250 2500

Awareness Transport Single issue Analysis Sustainable transport Co-benefits Action Urban planning Sustainability

Scaling out: within cities Scaling up: number of cities 25 250 2500

Awareness Transport Single issue Analysis Sustainable transport Co-benefits Action Urban planning Sustainability

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Combine d AP and CC polic ie s most e ffe c tive

Source: “Air Pollution and Climate Change – scientific understanding as a basis for integrated policy making. Frank Raes et al., Joint Research Center, European Commission

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

T r anspor t options to r e duc e air pollution and CO 2

AP CO2 $ Costs Reduce emissions per kilometer

Technology/ vehicle change +++ ++ low Behavioral change (e.g. Fleet mgm’t, driver’s training) ++ + low Fuel-switch (e.g. gas to CNG/LPG, to biofuels) ++ ? ?

Reduce emissions per unit transported

Passenger transport:

Mode switch +++ ++ low-med Usage of larger units + + low Improved occupation rates ++ ++ low

Freight transport ++ ++ low-med Reduce number of trips Land-use – Behavioral change +++ +++ ? - high TDM ++ +++ ? - med

Source: Authors, adapted from GTZ, 2007

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www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

Polic ie s on AP and CC r e le vant to Asia

Climate Change

  • Global/regional level

– UNFCCC / Kyoto protocol: No

  • bligations developing

countries, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – Bali Action Plan: nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties

  • National level policies

– e.g. China, Korea, India – Limited target setting

  • Sectoral targets:

– Energy efficiency (e.g. China, Viet Nam)

  • Urban level

– Limited but growing level of activity

  • Global/Regional level

– No global agreement – CLRTAP in Europe a success – Regional agreements in Asia emerging: EANET, ASEAN Haze agreement, Male Declaration

  • National level

– Clean air legislation, AQ standards in place but not well enforced – No or limited targets

  • Sectoral policies and targets

– Power sector, industry, transport

  • Urban level

– Wide range of capacity Air Quality

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SLIDE 10

www.cleanairnet.org/ caiasia CAI-Asia Center

F

  • r

mor e infor mation

CAI-Asia Ce nte r

Sophie Punte

I nc o ming E xe c utive Dire c to r so phie .punte @c ai-asia.o rg

May Aje ro

Air Quality Pro gram Manage r may.aje ro @c ai-asia.o rg

Unit 3510, 35th F loor , R

  • binsons- E

quitable T

  • we r

, ADB Ave nue , Pasig City, Me tr

  • Manila, 1605 Philippine s

www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia