Supply Protection Management of Public Water Suppliers Brock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

NYSDOH Bureau of Water Supply Protection

Management of Public Water Suppliers

Brock Rogers, P.E. Bureau of Water Supply Protection New York State Department of Health 518-402-7650 brock.rogers@health.ny.gov

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• Overview of DOH Bureau of Water Supply Protection
• Where Does Drinking Water Come From?
• Threats to Drinking Water
• Public Water Systems
• Regulation of Public Water Systems
• Approval of Plans for PWSs
• Approval of New Well Sources
• Yield Testing Requirements for PWSs

Topics Covered

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection

• Overview

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP) Mission

To protect the health, safety and welfare of the residents and visitors of New York State through regulatory oversight and implementation, technical support, and response activities for: 1) public water systems (about 9,100) 2) bulk and bottled water facilities (70 bulk haulers, 151 bottlers) 3) private/non-public water supplies (about 800,000) 4)

• n-site waste treatment systems

5) realty subdivisions 6) recreational water (i.e. engineering plan review of pools and spray parks) 7) nursing home and hospital potable water for protection against Legionella (over 800) 8) cooling tower registration and proper operation for protection against Legionella (over 10,000) 9) emerging water supply issues, including unregulated contaminants

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP)

• New York State's Public Drinking Water Supplies - Subpart 5-1 (municipal water

supplies, schools, businesses, etc.)

• Certification of Drinking Water Treatment Operators - 10 NYCRR Subpart 5-4
• Certification of Bottled and Bulk Water Supplies - Subpart 5-6
• Private/Non-public Wells and On-site Waste Treatment System - Appendix 5-B,

Part 75, Appendix 75-A & 75C:

• Realty Subdivisions - Part 74
• Recreational Waters - Part 6 (engineering review of pools, spray parks, etc.)
• Cooling Towers – Subpart 4-1 (Protection Against Legionella)
• Health Care Facilities - Subpart 4-2 (Protection Against Legionella)

Regulatory Responsibilities (under 10 NYCRR)

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Bureau of Water Supply Protection (BWSP)

BWSP is comprised of about 50 staff including engineers, scientists, data managers, public health specialists, mapping specialists, and administrative professionals. BWSP staff implement programs through the regional and field structure in collaboration with local, state and federal partners/stakeholders.

Director Assistant Directors

New York City Watershed Professional Certification Operations Design Residential Sanitation Compliance and Information Systems

Special Projects

Water Systems Control and Analysis

Administration

Organization and Staffing

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NYSDOH – Regional & Field Structure

The water supply program is implemented and overseen through a regional structure

Core roles and services provided by: 37 - Full service City & County Health Departments 9 - State District Offices Local Health Departments (LHDs)

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Field Coordinators

• Liaisons between the State

and County DOH

County DOH

• Daily regulatory oversight
• f water systems
• Update SDWIS – input

data, violations, etc.

NYSDOH – Field Structure

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NY Counties Located (in whole or in part) in the Susquehanna Basin

Allegany Broome Chemung Chenango Cortland Delaware Herkimer Livingston Madison Oneida Onondaga Otsego Schoharie Schuyler Steuben Thompkins Tioga Yates https://www.srbc.net/portals/susquehanna-atlas/projects-map/

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Where Does Your Drinking Water Come From?

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Facts & Figures 9,100 public water systems (PWSs) 8,130 PWSs use groundwater

(serving pop. ≈ 5 Million)

960 PWSs use surface water supplies

(serving pop. ≈ 16.4 Million)

More than 7,600 freshwater lakes, ponds and reservoirs that are used for recreation and water supply.

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Threats to Drinking Water

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Bacteria Typhoid - salmonella typhi Cholera - vibrio cholera

• E. coli 0157

Viruses Human enteric viruses hepatitis A & polio Protozoans & Parasites Giardia & cryptosporidium

Threats to Drinking Water

Pathogenic Organisms

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Naturally Occurring Chemicals Arsenic, radionuclides, metals ... Biologicals (algae, decomposition) Industrial Chemicals Metals - Pb, Hg, Se ... Organics - benzene, MTBE, TCE, PCBs... Agricultural Chemicals Pesticides, fertilizers ... Emerging Contaminants 1,4-Dioxane, PFAS, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

Threats to Drinking Water

Chemicals

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Quality & Aesthetics Turbidity Suspended Solids Taste, Odor and Color agents Quantity Drought Source Characteristics Use and Replenishment Leaks and Breaks

Threats to Drinking Water

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Threats to Drinking Water

• Regulation
• Source Protection
• Treatment (Filtration, Disinfection....)
• Design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure
• Operator certification and training
• Monitoring
• Inspection / Sanitary Survey

Mitigation Through Multi-Barrier Protection

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Public Water Systems

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What is a Public Water System?

A water system which provides piped water to the public for human consumption, if such system has at least five service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year

> 9,000 PWS in NY State

Public Water Systems

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Federal vs. Non-Federal Water Systems

• Federal PWS - 15 or more service connections or 25 or more

people

• State PWS - 5 or more service connections or 25 or more

people (examples: small mobile home parks and apartment buildings)

• Other PWS - PWSs that receive a permit from the health

department (i.e., food services, hotels, campgrounds, children’s camps, etc.)

Public Water Systems

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Types of Public Water Systems

• Community (CWS) – residential

A public water system which serves at least five service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year- round residents

• Non-Community (NC) – non-residential
• Non-transient non-community (NTNC)

Regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons, four hours or more per day, for four or more days per week, for 26 or more weeks per year

• Transient non-community (TNC)

A noncommunity water system that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same people over six months per year

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Types of Public Water Systems Examples:

• Community (CWS) – Municipalities, private water companies,

apartment complexes, mobile home parks (≈ 2,840 CWS in NYS)

• Non-transient non-community (NTNC) – Schools, hospitals,
• ffice buildings (≈ 725 NTNCWS in NYS)
• Transient non-community (TNC) – Restaurants, Convenience

Stores (≈ 5,520 TNCWS in NYS)

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Regulation of Public Water Systems

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• EPA role

– Sets national standards/regulations – States act as primary regulators

• NYS role

– Primacy (state must adopt national regs and show EPA how it will carry them out and enforce). – NYS can develop regs in addition to EPA’s

• Field Structure

– Regions, Counties, District Offices

Regulation of Public Water Systems

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EPA Drinking Water Regulations

• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

1974

• Interim Primary Drinking Water

Standards 1977

• SDWA Amendments

1986

• Surface Water Treatment Rule

(SWTR) 1989

• Total Coliform Rule

1989

• Information Collection Rule

1990

• Lead and Copper Rule

1991 Disinfection & Disinfection Byproduct (DDBP) /Stage 2 1993/2006

• Interim Enhanced SWTR

1996

• Contaminant Candidates List

1998

• Unregulated Contaminant

Monitoring Requirements 1998

• Public Notification Rule

2000

• Radionuclides Rule

2000

• Long Term 1 Enhanced and

Long Term 2 ESWTR 2002/2006

• Arsenic Rule

2002

• Stage 2 DDBP Rule

2006

• Groundwater Rule

2006

• Revised Total Coliform Rule

2013 http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/currentregulations.cfm

Regulation of Public Water Systems

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How Does NYS Regulate Drinking Water Systems?

www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/regulations

Subpart 5-1 of the NYS Sanitary Code (a.k.a. “Part 5”)

Latest Revision – May 16, 2018

 Codification of PWS Rules and Regulations  Tables of Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)  Requirements for Monitoring and Notifications

Regulation of Public Water Systems

UNOFFICIAL COMPLIATION OF CODES, RULES, AND REGULATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TITLE 10. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CHAPTER I. STATE SANITARY CODE PART 5. DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES SUBPART 5-1. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES

Text is current through May 16, 2018. (Statutory authority: Public Health Law, Section 225)

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Part 5 Appendices

 Recommended Standards for Water Works, a.k.a.10 States Standards (Appendix 5-A)  Standards for Water Wells (Appendix 5-B and 5-D)  Operator Certification (Subpart 5-4)

Regulation of Public Water Systems

(standards for drinking water infrastructure design and construction that are incorporated into the code)

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Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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NYS Sanitary Code – Section 5-1.22(a): No supplier of water shall make, install or construct, or allow to be made, installed or constructed, a public water system or any addition or deletion to or modification of a public water system until the plans and specifications have been submitted to and approved by the State.

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process:

• Application for Approval of Plans for Public Water Supply

Improvement (DOH-348)

• Engineering Report…by Licensed NYS Professional Engineer

 Site Information  Ownership & Service Area  Existing Facilities  Hydrogeological Report (if necessary)  Need for Project  Alternatives Analysis  Cost Estimate

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process (Cont.):

• Plans and Specifications…by Licensed NYS Professional Engineer

 Overall site information  Overall site location  Separation distances  Plan and profile of water main  Plan and elevation view of buildings and treatment system  Tank details  One-line diagrams  Treatment schematics  Technical specifications  Testing requirements  Startup procedures

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval Process (cont.):

• DOH reviews submittal and confers with local health department or

district office, as applicable.

• Many projects reviewed/approved solely by local health department
• Approval of plans issued (DOH 1017)
• Project is constructed
• Project engineer submits Engineer’s Certification of Project

Completion (DOH 5025)

• DOH inspects completed works
• DOH issues Approval of Completed Works (DOH 1032)

Approval of Plans for Public Water Systems

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Approval of New Well Sources

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Disclaimer - Items listed below are not all inclusive. Additional requirements can be found in Part 5 of the NYS Sanitary Code and Recommended Standards for Water Works (aka., 10 States Standards)

• Water Withdrawal Application (>100,000 gpd)

 Consult with NYSDEC, APA, DRBC or SRBC, as necessary

• Location/Site Description (including maps)
• 100’/200’ of ownership/control (additional measures of protection allowed)
• Separation from potential sources of contamination (Appendix 5-D, Table 1)
• Nearby surface water
• Geology

Approval of New Well Sources

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• Source Capacity

 Yield Testing (Appendix 5-D, Table 2) – more on yield testing later  Max Day Demand (MDD) w/largest well out of service  Water quality results – full Part 5 analysis  GWUDI evaluation if necessary

Approval of New Well Sources

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• Well Construction

 NYSDEC Well Completion Report  Preclude and prevent entry of known sources of contamination

 Located upgradient  Final grade is away from wellhead  Protected from flooding  No pits  Minimum separation distances (Appendix 5-D, Table 1)

 Casing

 Material type  Top of casing in areas not subject to flooding – Extend at least 18 inches above grade  Top of casing in areas subject to flooding – Extend at least 3 feet above flood elevation  Casing length – depends on geology (Appendix 5-B, Table 2)

 Well caps

 Sanitary seal – no split casing  Vented  Lockable

Approval of New Well Sources

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• Chemical Storage – 300’
• Manure spreading – 200’
• Manure Storage – 200’
• Septic system (non-watertight) – 200’
• Septic tank (water tight effluent) – 100’
• Sanitary or combined sewer – 50’
• Other known unlisted – 200’

50/50 Rule – Distances increased by 50% if water enters well less than 50’ below grade

Separation Distances

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Yield Testing Requirements

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• Appendix 5-D.4

 Yield testing required for new and redeveloped wells

• Case specific, w/ LHD approval:

 for uniform hydrogeological conditions & adequate info

• or-

 Test directed by experienced hydrogeologist or licensed professional engineer

• Standard Tests

 Constant Flow Rate testing can be used in unconsolidated deposits  “Stabilized Drawdown” method required for rock wells (some exceptions)  Duration in accordance with Appendix 5-D, Table 2

Yield Testing Requirements for PWSs

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• Constant Flow Rate Test (DEC & HGs): Well is pumped at a constant rate and

drawdown (i.e., water level in well) may continue but at a very smooth (“stable”) Rate; looks very linear when plotted on semi-log paper

• Stabilized Drawdown (Historic DOH Position): Well is pumped at a constant rate

but drawdown ceases, i.e. water level in the well remains the same (“stable”); Recharge = Withdrawal

 +/- 0.5 feet per 100 feet of water column  Water level at end of stabilized drawdown period not lower than beginning of stabilized period  Look at recovery – water level recovers to 90% of initial level within 24 hours after pumping ceased

• Evaluate Sustained Performance during seasonal or multi-year dry periods

 If stabilized pumping level not achieved or well does not recover 90% with 24 hrs after pumping stops

Clarification of “Stabilized Drawdown”

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Clarification of “Stabilized Drawdown”

• After pump operates for several

minutes or even hours, a “stabilized” pumping level is achieved and a cone of depression forms

• Water replenished from the

aquifer equals the water being pumped

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• Geology
• Depth
• Distance from

surface water

• CWS, NTNC, TNCs
• 24 or 72 hrs
• *DEC - 72 hrs*

Yield Test Duration

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• Test shall be conducted at a pumping rate at least equal to the

design rate.

• Water discharge should not short circuit back to the aquifer being

tested.

• If the well is potentially GWUDI water quality shall be tested during

the yield test in accordance with guidance on GWUDI testing.

 Monitoring temperature and conductivity in well and nearby surface water during yield test  Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA) at the end of the yield test  May need to do daily temperature and conductivity testing for a year, then second MPA

Yield Testing

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All New PWS Wells Must Have GWUDI Determination

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Questions

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Brock Rogers, P.E. Bureau of Water Supply Protection New York State Department of Health 518-402-7650 brock.rogers@health.ny.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION