A Presentation on the Self- Supply project By Christian J Kekurah Program Manager-WaterAid 1
Contents 1. Basic project information 2. Overview of problems in conventional water supply which self supply aims to address 3. Concept of self supply 4. How self supply complements and not overlaps conventional Water supply 5. Advantages of self supply 6. Self supply in other countries 7. Self supply in Sierra Leone 8. What we aim to contribute to 9. What has been accomplished so far 10. Next steps 2
Basic Information • Project title : Development of a strategy to accelerate household investment in improved water supply -Self Supply (WF 004) • WASH Facility Themes o Capacity Building in the WASH Sector o Private Sector Innovation and Engagement in the WASH Sector o Small Scale Pilot Projects o Research, Advocacy & Sector Learning • Total Cost: £264,735.00 (£200,000 from WF & £64,735 from Unicef ) • Duration: 20 Months ( August 2012-February 2014) • Location: Pujehun & Kenema Districts • Partners: MoWR, MoHS, HELP-SL, MOPADA, KTT, PTT, WASH-NET 3
Basic Information Cont’d GOAL: Increased life expectancy in Sierra Leone through a reduction of water- related diseases Objectives • To study the potential of accelerating self supply in Kenema and Pujehun districts by December 2012 • To upgrade 100 unprotected water sources to be used as improved source for drinking water by December 2013 (piloting of self supply) • To conduct a comprehensive training needs assessment and produce a self supply training package by end of November 2012 • To conduct a study of the financing of self supply initiatives and develop a financing guideline for self supply by end of December 2012 • To develop a nationally acceptable Self Supply Acceleration package by end of December 2013, 4
Overview of problems in Water Supply • Rates of progress in i.e.inadequate supply and national targets of 74% by 2015 (Draft RWSS of MOWR) • Not all the existing sources are safe • Funding shortfalls and increased need for cost sharing • Large numbers of small communities (less than 150 people) for which there is no RWS strategy at present, but many of which have been exposed to CLTS 5
Concept of Self-Supply Basic Definitions • Self Supply – is a concept which builds primarily on user investment in incremental improvements to rural water supply with a range of technologies in RWH, spring protection, well construction and up-grading and HH water treatment. • Accelerated Self Supply – facilitation of self supply processes to speed up improved levels of service including access and water quality. This can be achieved by developing four pillars of support to potential investors-: 1. Wider range of technical options and advisory services 2. Well-informed private sector with good quality skills and products 3. Micro-finance and savings schemes to allow bigger technology steps 4. Capacity building and policy changes to expand the role of government, local councils and private sector 6
7 Moving up the Rural water supply ladder (groundwater option) 6 5 Motorised pumps Solar, electric, 4 Piped diesel pumps/ supply into elevated the house 3 storage Highest cost, High cost, high highest protection, accessibility 2 yield, and and protection accessibility Fully sealed, high cost, no contact lifting device, 1 standard hand pump Medium protection, medium cost ,Low - contact lifting device Medium wellhead low cost piston/ rope protection, low cost pump lifting device – windlass/ pulley Medium well head protection No lifting device Little/ no protection Increase in total capital cost and cost per step No lifting device, basic well Reduced health risk, improved water quality (Dr Sally Sutton) Increase in complexity of operation and maintenance Increased ease of water delivery Increased need for effective O+M for water availability
How Self /Supply complements & not overlap conventional approaches to water supply 1. Not in competition – self supply develops to fill the gaps conventional water supply cannot satisfy adequately 2. It is very normal that people use more than one source of water to obtain adequate safe water for their families and livelihoods 3. Self supply has been happening, but in slow often sub- standard ways limited to those with most initiative. Without a strategy to include it, such supplies will remain substandard , but could be encouraged into up- grading and expansion to complement conventional water supplies. 8
How Self /Supply complements & not overlap conventional approaches to water supply Cont’d 4. Acceleration increases the number of people who can improve their own supplies at minimum acceptable standards . 5. Sometimes self supply is the only means of water supply especially for small and ‘hard to reach’ communities, sometimes it augments existing conventional supplies for bulk water needs. 6. Building up the necessary support to self supply is largely an extension of services to conventional supplies and CLTS e.g. supply chain development, private sector capacity building, social marketing/ promotion . 9
Advantages of Self Supply • Promotes self Pride & dignity • Easily maintained as user provided his own supply- Sustainability • Concept can be replicated to develop communities in other areas • Infilling – those hard to reach/ hamlets - those inadequately served • Contributes to poverty reduction/ income generation • It is flexible-Phased improvements • Provides a framework for new technology and financing options to fit into government’s wider RWS strategy for scaling up. 10
Self Supply in other countries • 200,000 mainly family wells in Mali, serving 60% of rural population – 5 million • Represents over US$ 20 million of household investment • Shared with neighbours, but also 85% of productive water use is from private wells Mali • Most are regularly maintained Ghana Small piped supplies, Ghana • Commonly found in peri-urban rural towns, number unknown. • Chlorinated water sold, house connections to follow 11
Self Supply in other countries cont’d Zimbabwe Zimbabwe • 80% costs covered by owner • Over 130,000 up-graded wells, average unit cost US$ 250, approx $1 subsidy per head • Serve more than 2.5 million people • Also used for other productive purposes. Ethiopia Ethiopia • 86,000 wells constructed by families in 3 years • Government inputs cascade training of well-diggers +promotion +monitoring • Credit scheme allowed this owner to pay for her pump in six months from vegetables grown 12
Rainwater harvesting and household water treatment -Uganda In Uganda RWH technology is increasingly promoted at household level. Not subsidised in areas where alternatives (groundwater/ piped supplies) are available, but subsidised where community supplies not possible or too expensive. Government promoted but mainly NGO/CBO implemented. Widespread HHWTS promotion, market often disrupted by emergency chlorination programs 13
Status of self supply in other countries Defining potential Uganda, Mali, Ghana, Zambia, Niger, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania Ethiopia 1. Reconnaissance level (RWSN) 2. Systematic studies Piloting options for acceleration Uganda, Mali, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia M+E of impact, sustainability, user Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, Ethiopia. satisfaction, lessons learnt (all need Ghana more) Establishing policies and strategies to Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Uganda, Ghana complement communal supply and CLTS Developing training and promotional Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Uganda, Zambia. materials Ghana Developing HR + other capacities in Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Zambia, Uganda, government, private sector, NGOs Ghana Going to scale Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Ghana 14
Self Supply outside Africa • USA has 15 million self-financed household wells (urban and rural) • In Bangladesh more than 60% of rural population use their own household supply, • Ireland more than 30% of their rural population use their HH water supply 15
Self Supply in Sierra Leone Traditional well In Kenema Fetching Stream water in Pujehun • Widely practiced in the rural & peri- urban settlements • No official recognition and technical support • More of source construction than improvement/HHWST • Widespread use of open buckets Drinking water from streams than covered jerry cans 16
Potentials for self supply in Pujehun & Kenema • Vast stretch of water bodies (i.e. underground & surface water) in the 2 districts • Limited conventional water supply sources • Can build on the concept of CLTS that is now widely accepted in Pujehun & Kenema 17
Potential for Self supply in Kenema & Pujehun Potential for Self Supply Population peripheral to supplies or in small communities communities Population in <150/comm 13% 432,312 5000 Population in 250-400/comm 13% 415,684 1,273 20% of over 400 12% 399,057 1,878 Total 38% 1,247,053 8151 Present coverage 35% 1,163,916 Sizes of communities in Pujehun & Kenema 18
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