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Sulphur Melting – An Overview
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Sulphur Melting An Overview 1 SANDVIK PROCESS SYSTEMS THE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Sulphur Melting An Overview 1 SANDVIK PROCESS SYSTEMS THE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Sulphur Melting An Overview 1 SANDVIK PROCESS SYSTEMS THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING COMPANY Agenda Sulphur Melting Strategy Before You Melt Sulphur Melting Technologies Footprint Comparison Sulphur Contamination
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SLIDE 3
Agenda
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Sulphur Melting Strategy
Before You Melt
Sulphur Melting Technologies
Footprint Comparison
Sulphur Contamination
Sulphuric Acid
Material Selection
Melt Rate
Sulphur Block Reclaim
SLIDE 4
Sulphur Melting Strategy
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Why does sulphur need to be melted?
Consumer requires liquid sulphur as a feed stock
Examples: Sulphuric acid plant, fertilizer plant
Sulphur needs to be converted to a marketable form
Examples: Processing a sulphur block, cleanup of leak from liquid system or spillage from conveying system
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Before You Melt
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Desired capacity
Solid sulphur feed stock specifications
Liquid sulphur specifications
Operator considerations
Emissions considerations
Site and footprint considerations
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Sulphur Melting Technologies
Melter Movement: Stationary vs. Mobile
Heat Transfer:
Immersion vs. Surface
Agitation vs. Stagnant
Internal vs. External
Feed System: Continuous vs. Batch
Emissions Management: Open-top vs. Contained
Contaminate Removal: Automatic vs. Manual
Construction: In-ground vs. Stick-built
- vs. Skid-package
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Continuous, Immersion, Agitation
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- Skid Area X 3 = Sulphur Pit Area
- Pit Depth = 3 meters below ground
- Skid Platform Height = 3 meters above ground
Stagnant Batch (Pit) vs. Agitation with Continuous Feed (Skid)
Immersion Melting – Footprint Comparison
SLIDE 9
Sulphur Contamination
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Solid contaminates
Sand, Rocks
Carsul
Clay
Liquid contaminates
H2O
H2SO4 (sulphuric acid)
Hydrocarbons, Amines, Glycol
Gaseous contaminates
H2S, SO2
Sulphur Vapour (Dust)
SLIDE 10
Sulphuric Acid
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How it happens (2S + 2H2O + 3O2 = 2H2SO4)
Impact / Neutralization
Prevention
Keep the sulphur dry! Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
Strategy
SLS / Vancouver Port strategy
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Material Selection
Corrosion Mechanisms
Wet Sulphur Corrosion Sulphuric Acid Corrosion
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Cost vs. Benefit
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- Available Surface Area
- Particle Size
- Ambient Temperature
- Moisture
Factors to Consider:
Melt Rate
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- Smaller particles = more surface area = higher heat transfer capability
- Mass: (1) 100 mm diameter particle = (4000) 6 mm diameter particles = 1.14 kg
- Surface Area:
(1) 100 mm particle = 0.032 m2 (4000) 6 mm particles = 0.52 m2 (16X)
Immersion Melting Relationship
Melt Rate – Particle Size
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200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
- 20
- 15
- 10
- 5
5 10 15 20
Capacity (Metric Tonnes/Day) Ambient Temperature, °C
Production Capacity Vs. Ambient Temperature (Assuming 130 °C Sulphur Discharge T, 96% Availability)
0% H₂0 1% H₂0 2% H₂0 3% H₂0 4% H₂0 5% H₂0
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Sulphur Block Reclaim
Melting needs to be considered in your block pouring strategy because it affects:
Size and configuration of block
Allowable contamination in block
Utility infrastructure
Dust control options
Availability of block
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Sulphur Block Reclaim
Shah Example: Time required to melt 1.2 million tonnes (4 months production)
1000 TPD, 300 Days Per Year = 4 Years
2000 TPD, 300 Days Per Year = 2 Years
4000 TPD, 300 Days Per Year = 1 Year
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