Study 354 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA The - PDF document

USING PETRI-NETS zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA I TIiE ANALYSIS OF SlRATEGlC COMMUNICATIONS Study 354 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA The Task - I Question X2 Master Question X2 - Sponsor: ACDS(C1S) “Justify Military SATCOM” - Timescale: 2003 - 2013 - SAG approved scenarios Study Dates: Jan 94 -Jan 95 DRA able to provide data inputs Page 1

The Context zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA DOAC'S View zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA - of c31 Intelligence Sitreps affect combat units Page 2

I zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Decisions zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 354 and the c31 Strategy 1 p J , pjzjiii Represent Key - and Information The Role of SATCOM zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 0 Provide long distance c o n " -beyond range of terrestrial HFNHF links 'Must' be - Secure - not exploitable - Survivable - not prone to jamming or disruption - Safe to use - enemy not able to locate users Versatile - Capable of supporting forces worldwide Page 3

MOE: Satisfaction of Requirement: zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Model comms infrastructure in 2010 Proportion of Info zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Identify IERs in specific scenarios Identify the 'background' requirement Determine mismatch between requirement and capability - IERs supported - Proportion of Context IERs supported - Value of Intel IERs supported I BrigadelSF ManpackslSubs I Tri-service 100+ 'nodes' SATCOM + 6 other comms systems ScenariolTime dependent IERs . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . . , . . , . . Petri-Net approach Page 4

simulation technique with these properties zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA The Application of Coloured Petri-Nets 9 Coloured Petri-nets are a graphical dynamic - - networks of nodes and links explicitly modelled queues explicitly modelled - - competition for resources explicitly modelled - 'tokens' move from one node to another along links - tokens have properties (attributes) nodes can act on tokens depending on their properties Approach Satellite Capacity Queue zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Sai: Caoacitv Page zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 'ransmitter :Message 5

e zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA t zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA I I our Model Users and decision nodes = TRANSITIONS Comms bearers = PLACES Data streams (IERs) generated by users from script = TOKENS COMCEN transition - checks IER attributes against available bearers - checks connection to recipient - checks bearer capacity - passes IER to most appropriate bearer Bearer transition allocates capacity and power to IER Features of the Analysis 5 different satellite options 3 different scenarios 9 Represent effects of - jamming - EMP Sensitivity to assumptions on - channel allocation - loading Page zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 6

4 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 1 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Features of the Model Up to 14 parallel channels per satellite - Each channel represented by a separate Transition - Transmitters allocated to channels depending on scenario EHFlUHF and SHF - Channel Transitions use up power which may come from a zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Different properties at different frequencies, reflecting IER token attributes Link budget calculations - Carried out in each channel transition when an IER enters Dynamic allocation of power between beamslchannels - common 'pot' CnROlnMII.m#%IS,, Ild.Wm%b" 13 Further Features of the Model Users compete for channels with spare capacity - COMCEN transition looks at remaining capacity on each available bearer Users seek alternative comms bearers - COMCEN transition checks all bearers against IER attributes and most efficient use of power Excess users thrown off the system - COMCEN transition may allocate IERs to a Wastebin' Page 7

Measures of Effectiveness zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 1 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA I . - Typical Comms MOE - 'Delays on messages' - not relevant at this level Preferred MOE - 'How does SATCOM affect the battle?' - impractical Next best - 'Ability of system@) to meet the [commander's] requirement' - Classify unsent IERs by typdpriority - Intel IERs used to determine value of resuiting intelligence to commander - Other IERs (operationa1,contextual) assessed as a straightforward percentage of total requirement C S , R r l . * M * l ~ I B ? , Form of Results zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA f zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 1 : zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 1 1 1111111 .._.__________________________________._ j : i i x x x C0dj ; 0 0 0 : 1 ; CI j j . . . . . . . . . . : j : ~ ~ ~ o ~ n ~ e j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : " Amount of Requlrement Met Total Loading Page 8

I : zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA -- I . I Determined zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Progress to Date Completed: - Identified nodes in the HLSG scenarios - Obtained approval for Background Scenario - Designed Petri-net model - comms infrastructure - Determined IERs - Determined design of satellite options - Buiit model On-going: - Analysis (since July) Projected - Reporting (from November) alw.nM.IImIYO.IS11 Challenges Long timescale of satellite compared to other comms systems impacts on - Quantity and quality of IER data - Lack of infrastructure data Lack of agreed future policy for military SATCOM Data collection much harder than predicted Long-term aim of measuring influence of Page zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA communications on combat effectiveness 9

1 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Summary zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Method zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA I Task to justify MILSATCOM Joint DOACIDRA study - Explicit simulation of all strategic bearers and IERs - Petri-Net model On schedule to report Jan 95 Long term capability to model strategic comms being built up Page 10

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA LYSlS OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS USING PETR1-NETS ~ .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~ ISMOR '94 . ' - - I Question zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Study 354 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA The Task - X 2 Master Question X2 - Sponsor: ACDS(C1S) "Justify Military SATCOM" - Timescale: 2003 - 2013 - SAG approved scenarios Study Dates: Jan 94 -Jan 95 DRA able to provide data inputs Page 1

The Context zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA - DOAC's View of C31 Page 2

I zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 354 and the C? Strategy long distance zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA -beyond range zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA The Role of SATCOM comms Provide of terrestrial HFNHF links ‘Must’ be - Secure - not exploitable - Survivable - not prone to jamming or disruption - Safe to use - enemy not able to locate users Versatile - Capable of supporting forces worldwide Page 3

capability zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Method of Requirement: zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Model comms infrastructure in 2010 Proportion zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Identify IERs in specific scenarios Identify the 'background' requirement Determine mismatch between requirement and MOE: Satisfaction - Propoltion of Info IERs supported - of Context IERs supported - Value of Intel IERs supported . > g a*:- ,.***.. -qw, ,& "T,:.. r" FromMODHQdownto BrigadelSF ManpackslSubs 1 h Tri-service I 100+ 'nodes' SATCOM + 6 other comms systems ScenarioKime dependent IERs Petri-Net approach Page 4

The Application of zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA . .. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA :E . . . ... - L Coloured Petri-Nets Coloured Petri-nets are a graphical dynamic simulation technique with these properties - networks of nodes and links explicitly modelled - - queues explicitly modelled - competiiion for resources explicitly modelled ‘tokens’ move from one node to another along links - - tokens have properties (attributes) nodes can act on tokens depending on their properties zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Approach Satellite Capacity Wastebin zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Manager ‘ I Transmitter Queue (Messme Y Page 5