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Studies for a Xenon1t Studies for a Xenon1t Darkmatter Detector Darkmatter Detector Marijke Haffke University Zrich Structure Structure . Introduction . Introduction . Gamma Measurements: 3NaI . Gamma Measurements:

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Studies for a Xenon1t Studies for a Xenon1t Darkmatter Detector Darkmatter Detector

Marijke Haffke University Zürich

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 2

Structure Structure

Ι Ι. . Introduction Introduction ΙΙ. ΙΙ. Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI ΙΙΙ. ΙΙΙ. Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI ΙV. ΙV. Summary & Outlook Summary & Outlook

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 3

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

Xenon Xenon

  • Dual-phase detector with liquid XENON
  • In Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory, Italy

XENON100 Depth [mwe] Muon Intensity [m-2y-1]

3600 mwe

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 4

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 5

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

Xenon1t Xenon1t

  • Next step of Xenon100

Next step of Xenon100

  • Fiducial Volume mass: 1t

Fiducial Volume mass: 1t

  • Mass of Liquid Xenon: 3t

Mass of Liquid Xenon: 3t

  • Possible Location: Inside LVD Detector

Possible Location: Inside LVD Detector

Projected Sensitivity for Xenon1t

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 6

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

Xenon1t Xenon1t

  • Fiducial Volume: 1t
  • Total mass liquid Xenon: 3t
  • Goals:

Possible Location:

Large Volume Detektor (LVD) in Gran Sasso Laboratory Large Volume Detektor (LVD) in Gran Sasso Laboratory

Gamma BG Neutron BG 10

  • 4 DRU

1 / (2 years) Exposure 2 years WIMP sensitivity (100GeV) 3 * 10

  • 47 cm

2

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 7

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

Xenon1t Xenon1t

  • Large Volume Detector
  • Hall A of the

Gran Sasso Laboratory

  • Aim: Detecting stellar

collapses, high energy neutrinos

  • Dimensions:

49 m long 13 m high 12 m wide

LVD

Hall A Hall B Hall C

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 8

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

LVD LVD

  • Large Volume Detector

Large Volume Detector

  • Hall A of the Gran Sasso Laboratory

Hall A of the Gran Sasso Laboratory

  • Aim: Detecting stellar collapses, high

Aim: Detecting stellar collapses, high energy neutrinos energy neutrinos

  • Dimensions: 49 m long

Dimensions: 49 m long 13 m high 13 m high 12 m wide 12 m wide

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Projekt 9

Ι. Introduction

Ι. Introduction

LVD LVD

  • Large Volume Detector

Large Volume Detector

  • Hall A of the Gran Sasso Laboratory

Hall A of the Gran Sasso Laboratory

  • Aim: Detecting stellar collapses, high

Aim: Detecting stellar collapses, high energy neutrinos energy neutrinos

  • Dimensions: 49 m long

Dimensions: 49 m long 13 m high 13 m high 12 m wide 12 m wide

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 10

Structure Structure

Ι Ι. . Introduction Introduction ΙΙ. ΙΙ. Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI

  • Fluxes
  • Activity LVD CF

ΙΙΙ ΙΙΙ. . Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI ΙV. ΙV. Summary & Outlook Summary & Outlook

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 11

Ι. Gamma Measurements

Ι. Gamma Measurements

Fluxes Fluxes

  • 3“ NaI

MCA PMT NaI

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 12

Gamma Measurements

Gamma Measurements

Fluxes Fluxes

  • Measured positions with NaI

Measurement in the Measurement in the Measurement in

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 13

Ι. Gamma Measurement

Ι. Gamma Measurement

NaI - Measurements NaI - Measurements

  • Measurements LNGS

Measurements LNGS

Yiea-Funk Te

LVD CF up to factor 100 lower Gamma BG

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 14

ΙI. Gamma Measurements

ΙI. Gamma Measurements

Activity LVD Activity LVD

  • Calculation of radio activity in LVD CF
  • Monte-Carlo Method:

– NaI detector simulated inside LVD

– 107 Decays started from PortaTanks each for U, Th, Co, K

– comparison of simulated data with real data

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 15

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

Aktivität LVD Aktivität LVD

  • Für MC – Simulationen => Bestimmung der

Radioaktivität in der LVD CF

  • Monte-Carlo Methode:

– NaI Detektor im LVD simulieren – Spektren mit echten Daten vergleichen

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 16

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

Aktivität LVD Aktivität LVD

60Co: ≤ 9 mBq/kg 40K: 290 mBq/kg 232Th: 78 mBq/kg 238U: 357 mBq/kg

Tl-208 2614.5

  • Data and MC in good agreement
  • Determination of the activity of relevant Isotopes from MC
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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 17

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

ΙI. Gamma Messungen

Aktivität LVD Aktivität LVD

60Co: ≤ 9 mBq/kg 40K: 290 mBq/kg 232Th: 78 mBq/kg 238U: 357 mBq/kg

Tl-208 2614.5 Screening Porta Tank Steel

60Co: 1,4 mBq/kg 40K: 210 mBq/kg 232Th: 20 mBq/kg 238U: 25 mBq/kg

  • Screening in good agreement for Co and K
  • Difference for U → environmental Rn
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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 18

Structure Structure

Ι Ι. . Introduction Introduction ΙΙ. ΙΙ. Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI

  • Fluxes
  • Activity LVD CF

ΙΙΙ. ΙΙΙ. Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI

  • Calibration
  • Calibration
  • BG Measurement
  • BG Measurement

ΙV. ΙV. Summary & Outlook Summary & Outlook

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 19

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11”NaI NaI

Motivation Motivation

Gamma and Neutron Measurements with NaI in Frejus:

  • Ohsumi et al., Gamma-ray flux in the Frejus underground laboratory

measured with NaI detector, Nucl. Instr. & Meth. Sec. A

NaI crystall (ø 27,7 cm, 33 cm height) 7 PMTs

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 20

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11”NaI NaI

Electronics Electronics

Voltage Divider HV Spectroscopy Amplifier Linear FAN IN/FAN OUT MCA DAQ (Maestro)

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 21

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11”NaI NaI

Electronics Electronics

HV Voltage Divider PMTs

FAN IN/FAN OUT Spectroscopy Amplifier

MCA PC (Maestro)

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 22

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11”NaI NaI

Calibration Calibration

11“ NaI 3“ NaI

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 23

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11”NaI NaI

Calibration Calibration

Sigma= 0.43 + 1.7 √(Energy)

3“ NaI

Energy [keV] Resolution 11“ NaI Resolution 3“ NaI 583 17 % 7,56 % 1000 13 % 5,7 % 2600 7,9 % 3,51 % 11“ NaI Energy Resolution

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 24

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

Calibration AmBe Calibration AmBe

23Na(n,)24Na 6959 keV 127I(n,)128I 6826 keV 9Be(,n)12C

4438 keV Single- Escape (4438 - 511)keV

1H(n,)2H

2225 keV

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 25

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

Calibration AmBe Calibration AmBe

  • Signal from neutrons

Signal from neutrons between 6 and 12 MeV between 6 and 12 MeV

  • Counts in this region after

Counts in this region after BG subtraction: BG subtraction:

  • 3.5 counts/s

3.5 counts/s

  • Source 2000 n/s

Source 2000 n/s

  • ~ ¼ reach NaI:

~ ¼ reach NaI:

  • ~ 0.7 % efficiency

~ 0.7 % efficiency

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 26

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

BG Measurement BG Measurement

  • Actual position underground:

– Next to XenonBox

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ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

BG Measurement BG Measurement

  • Actual position underground:

– Next to XenonBox

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 28

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

BG Measurement BG Measurement

  • Above 4 MeV count

rate > 3600 events/h

  • Expected neutron rate

0.15 events/h

  • Expected muon rate

0.05 events/h

  • => electronic origin,

not physical

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ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

BG Measurement BG Measurement

  • Module Test → PMTs

Single PMT: 53 – 630 events/h NOT coincident in time => Coincidence System

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 30

ΙII. 11”

ΙII. 11” NaI NaI

BG Measurement BG Measurement

HV

Voltage Divider

PMTs

B || A

Spectroscopy Amplifier

Gate || IN

PC (Maestro)

FAN IN/FAN OUT

Discriminator

NIM to TTL Amplifier

AND

MCA

FAN IN/OUT

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich 31

Structure Structure

Ι Ι. . Introduction Introduction ΙΙ. ΙΙ. Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI Gamma Measurements: 3”NaI

  • Fluxes
  • Activity LVD CF

ΙΙΙ. ΙΙΙ. Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI Neutron Measurements: 11”NaI

  • Calibration
  • BG Measurement

ΙV. ΙV. Summary & Outlook Summary & Outlook

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Ι ΙV. Summary & Outlook

  • V. Summary & Outlook
  • LVD CF up to factor 100 less gamma flux then HallA
  • New Neutron detector at XeBox: 11” NaI

Outlook

  • Coincidence Trigger for 11“ → Start Neutron

Measurement

  • Gamma & Neutron Simulation for a Xenon1t detector
  • Use activities measured and calculated with NaIs
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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Project 33

IV

  • IV. Simulations Xe1t

. Simulations Xe1t Geometry

Geometry

  • Geant4 Geometry:

– Outer Cryostat (made of SSteel):

130 cm diameter, 100cm height

– Inner Can (made of SSteel):

123 cm diameter, 100 cm height

– Inner Teflon Tube:

91 cm diameter, 80 cm height

– Liquid Xenon:

~3 t in total ~1 t FV

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Project 34

IV

  • IV. Simulations Xe1t

. Simulations Xe1t Xenon inside LVD

Xenon inside LVD

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Marijke Haffke Uni Zürich XENON1t-Project 35

IV

  • IV. Simulations Xe1t

. Simulations Xe1t Xenon inside LVD

Xenon inside LVD