Status of Photonics Polymers for Fiber to the Display Faculty of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Status of Photonics Polymers for “Fiber to the Display”

Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University JST ERATO/SORST JST ERATO/SORST Yasuhiro Koike Yasuhiro Koike May 25, 2009 May 25, 2009

FINNISH FINNISH-

• JAPANESE WORKSHOP

JAPANESE WORKSHOP ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Espoo and Helsinki, Finland Espoo and Helsinki, Finland

Lightwave

Heterogeneous Structure Polymer

Å (10-10) nm (10-9) µm (10-6) mm (10-3) Polarization

PMMA PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

• Zero-Birefringence

Polymer

Scattering

Highly Scattering Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer

Refraction Reflection

High Speed Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber

Correlation Length

Rhodamine 6G-doped polymer

High-Power Optical Fiber Amplifier and Laser

Absorption Emission

Absorption Emission

Eu Chelate-doped polymer

Zero absorption Loss Polymer

Ray Trajectory

Comparison of Step-Index Plastic Optical Fiber (SI POF) and Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF).

Ray Trajectory

High-Speed GI Plastic Optical Fiber

Total Attenuation Spectra of GI POFs.

(μm) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wavelength Perfluorinated polymer-base Perdeuterated PMMA

• base

PMMA -base

CYTOP(Perfluoro butenyl vinyl ether)

• Asahi Glass Co.-

CF O CF CF2 CF2 CF2 C F2

F2C CF O CF2 CF2 CF CF2 monomer

polymer

The material for commercial GI-POF (Lucina) Tg: ～108℃

Calculated bandwidth potential of PF polymer based GI-POF compared with that of silica based MMF.

0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 波長 (μm) 1G 10G 100G 全フッ素化ポリマー系GI型 POF 石英系マルチモード ファイバー

Wavelength (µｍ）

PF polymer based GI-POF Silica based multimode fiber

Bit Rate

Development of data rate achieved by POF links

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Year

531Mbps•100m@650nm Essex Univ. 1Gbps•30m@670nm IBM & Keio Univ. 1Gbps•30m@670nm IBM & Keio Univ. 2.5Gbps•200m@650nm Keio Univ., Mitsubishi Rayon, NEC & Eindhoven Univ. Tech. 2.5Gbps•200m@1300nm Keio Univ. & Asahi glass & Fujitsu 5Gbps•140m@1300nm Keio Univ., Asahi glass, & Eindhoven Univ. Tech. 4Gbps•300m@850nm 12Gbps•100m@850nm Keio Univ., JST & Asahi glass, 2.5Gbps•450m@1300nm Keio Univ. Mitsubishi Rayon, Eindhoven Univ. Tech. Asahi glass & Fujitsu 11Gbps•100m@1300nm Asahi glass & Lucent Technologies 1Gbps•1000m@850nm Asahi glass & Eindhoven Univ. Tech.

10Gbps・100m@850nm

First extrusion process

Asahi glass, Chromis, Keio Univ.

Preform Method

R&D Project of Polymer Devices for Constructing Next-Generation FTTH (METI, 2004-2006)

Hopper for Core Polymer Hopper for Clad Polymer

Preform

Extrusion Process Preform Method

A New Co-Extrusion Tower

Hopper for Core and Clad Polymer Diffusion Zone Control Panel

Å (10-10) nm (10-9) µm (10-6) mm (10-3) Absorption Emission Polarization Scattering Refraction Reflection

Absorption Emission

PMMA PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

• High-Power Optical Fiber

Amplifier and Laser Zero-Birefringence Polymer Highly Scattering Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer High Speed Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber

Eu Chelate-doped polymer Rhodamine 6G-doped polymer

Correlation Length

Zero absorption Loss Polymer

Proposal of Highly Scattered Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer

Highly Scattering Optical Transmission Highly Scattering Optical Transmission (HSOT) (HSOT) Polymer Polymer

(A) PMMA (A) PMMA

Laser Beam

(B) HSOT polymer (B) HSOT polymer

Laser Beam

Scatterers Scatterers 1~10 1~10 μ μm m

(FIG.1.1, p.11) (FIG.1.1, p.11)

(B) HSOT backlighting system (B) HSOT backlighting system (A) Conventional backlighting system (A) Conventional backlighting system

Prism sheet Prism sheet HSOT polymer HSOT polymer

Reflection sheet Lamp reflector Collection sheet (BEF) Diffusion sheet Lamp Printed dot pattern

Transparent light guide Transparent light guide

HSOT and conventional backlights HSOT and conventional HSOT and conventional backlights backlights

Lamp Lamp 56mm 56mm 44mm 44mm Conventional Conventional backlight backlight HSOT HSOT backlight backlight 5674 cd/m2 3072 cd/m2

B l u i s h Y e l l

• w

i s h

H S O T l i g h t p i p e

Color dispersion due to general light scattering phenomenon

Is General Concept of Light Scattering Always True?

Photograph of Sunset

0 deg. 90 deg.

α = 69.2 α = 11.5 α = 1.7

Mie scattering theory Mie scattering theory Mie scattering theory

λ π α / 2 r =

( )(

)

2 2 1 2

1 2 2 ) (

n n n

b a n K + + =

∑

∞ =

α α

( )

2 2 1 2

8 / ) , ( π λ θ α i i I + =

) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ' ) ( α ζ α ψ α ψ α ζ α ψ α ψ α ψ α ψ α ζ α ψ α ψ α ζ α ψ α ψ α ψ α ψ

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

m m m m m m b m m m m m m a − − = − − =

2 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 2 2 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 1

) (cos sin ) (cos ) 1 ( 1 2 ) (cos sin ) (cos ) 1 ( 1 2 ⎭ ⎬ ⎫ ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ + + + = ⎭ ⎬ ⎫ ⎩ ⎨ ⎧ + + + =

∑ ∑

∞ = ∞ =

θ θ θ θ θ θ θ θ d dP a P b n n n i d dP b P a n n n i

n n n n n n n n n n

(A) (B)

Observation result

1 2 3 4 3 6 9 12 15 Particle diameter / μm Scattering efficiency

435nm 545nm 615nm

(A) (B)

(435, 545, 615nm mean three peaks in spectrum of a cold fluorescent lamp.) HSOT polymer Camera Scattering transmitting Transmitting Fluorescent lamp

Scattering Efficiency

5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Distance from lamp (mm)

Optimized HSOT Optimized HSOT Not optimized HSOT Not optimized HSOT

White B l u e Y e l l

• w

Color temperature (K)

Color Dispersion on HSOT Backlights

SONY Vaio Note series Panasonic Let’s Note series TOSHIBA Dynabook series Samsung, Dell etc.

Notebook PCs Notebook PCs Various Mobile Devices Various Mobile Devices

Mobile phones PDA Pocket TV

HSOT Polymer Products

Å (10-10) nm (10-9) µm (10-6) mm (10-3) Absorption Emission Polarization Scattering Refraction Reflection

Absorption Emission

PMMA PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

• High-Power Optical Fiber

Amplifier and Laser Zero-Birefringence Polymer Highly Scattering Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer High Speed Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber

Eu Chelate-doped polymer Rhodamine 6G-doped polymer

Correlation Length

Zero absorption Loss Polymer

・ Extrusion processing・・・High speed, Low cost

and zero-birefringence.

Zero-birefringence polymers ・ ・ Solvent Casting Solvent Casting・・・

・・・Low birefringence, Low birefringence, High cost. High cost.

Advantage of zero Advantage of zero-

• birefringence optical polymers

birefringence optical polymers

Birefringence

Flexibility Light weight Low cost

Figure Polarization property in a birefringent medium.

Changing in p Changing in polarization state

• larization state

through a birefringent medium through a birefringent medium

Input Polarization

x

ϕ

y x

z

y y x x

Output Polarization

y

Retardation

Anisotropic molecule dopant method Random copolymerization method

Random copolymerization

Zero-birefringence copolymer

Positive (+) birefringence monomer Negative(-) birefringence monomer MMA / BzMA = 82 / 18 (wt./wt.)

Our proposal of compensating orientational birefringence of polymers Our proposal of compensating Our proposal of compensating orientational

• rientational

birefringence of polymers birefringence of polymers

C H C H

Typical Typical dopant dopant

Drawing

Polarizability ellipsoid

• f anisotropic

molecule Polarizability ellipsoid

• f monomer unit

MMA / trans-stilbene = 100 / 3 (wt./wt.)

polarizer analyzer (a) PMMA (c) PMMA-trans-stilbene (3 wt.%) (b) MMA/BzMA=82/18 (wt./wt.)

Injection molded samples Injection molded samples Injection molded samples

Photoelastic Birefringence Photoelastic Birefringence

Polarizers

Stress is added Stress is released

ｎ⊥ n//

//

c : Photoelastic Coefficient Δσ: Stress

Δn = n// － n⊥ = c・Δσ

CH2 C CH3 C O O CH3 CH2 C CH3 C O O CH2 CF3

CH2 C CH3 C O O CH2

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (3FMA) Benzyl methacrylate (BzMA)

trans-stilbene

Anisotropic Dopant Monomers

OB：Negative

Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Dopant

Components of Zero-Zero Polymers Components of Zero Components of Zero-

• Zero Polymers

Zero Polymers

# OB: Orientational Birefringence PB: Photoelastic Birefringence OB：Positive PB：Negative PB：Negative OB：Positive PB：Positive OB：Positive PB：Positive

Ternary Copolymers

• 4
• 3
• 2
• 1

1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Orientational birefringence (x10-4) Photoelastic birefrinence (x10-6） Orientation function of polymer chains Principal stress differnce (MPa)

• 4
• 3
• 2
• 1

1 0.05 0.1

PMMA

Composition of the zero-zero polymer P(MMA/3FMA=85/15) + trans-stilbene 2.8 wt%

PMMA

Birefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Dopant Birefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Birefringence of Binary Copolymers Containing an Anisotropic Dopant Dopant

Simultaneous elimination of the orientational birefringence and photoelastic birefringence was achieved. Zero-zero polymers that exhibit no birefringence with any orientation of the polymer main chains and in elastic deformation was realized.

Injection Molding Injection Molding

35mm 35mm 2mm

Injection

(a) 230 ˚C (b) 220 ˚C (c) 210 ˚C

Reave = 2.4 (nm) Reave = 4.7 (nm) Reave = 9.1 (nm)

Orientational Orientational birefringence increased with a decrease in molding birefringence increased with a decrease in molding

• temperature. The directions of fast axes were parallel to injec
• temperature. The directions of fast axes were parallel to injection

tion direction. direction. P(MMA/BzMA = 92/8)

＜ ＜

Re = Δn x d (= 2mm) Re (nm) 15 7.5

／，＼，―，｜：Fast axes Injection Injection direction direction d=2mm 35mm 35mm

Injection Molded Samples of Binary Copolymer Injection Molded Samples of Binary Copolymer

(a) 230 ˚C (b) 210 ˚C (c) 190 ˚C

Reave = 0.4 (nm) Reave = 0.5 (nm) Reave = 0.5 (nm)

Ternary copolymer exhibited close to zero birefringence at any Ternary copolymer exhibited close to zero birefringence at any points regardless of molding temperature. points regardless of molding temperature.

Re (nm) 5 2.5

／，＼，―，｜：Fast axes

P(MMA/3FMA/BzMA = 52/42/6)

Injection Molded Samples of the Ternary Copolymer Injection Molded Samples of the Ternary Copolymer

Å (10-10) nm (10-9) µm (10-6) mm (10-3) Absorption Emission Polarization Scattering Refraction Reflection

Absorption Emission

PMMA PMMA/BzMA PMMA-DPP

＋

• High-Power Optical Fiber

Amplifier and Laser Zero-Birefringence Polymer Highly Scattering Optical Transmission (HSOT) Polymer High Speed Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber

Eu Chelate-doped polymer Rhodamine 6G-doped polymer

Correlation Length

Zero absorption Loss Polymer

Silica Fiber Core Network

Graded Index Polymer Optical Fiber (GI POF) High-Speed Internet High-Speed Internet

Core Network Keio University Network

Telemedicine & Distance Learning Realized with Real- Time Communication

Concept of “Fiber-to-the-Display” by Photonics Polymer Project at Keio University

Collaborated with

GigaHouseTownTM Project

• f Keio Engineering Foundation

Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Cisco Systems Inc. Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. IBM Japan Kodak Japan Ltd. NTT East Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Mitsubishi Corporation Omron Corporation Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Taisei Corporation, etc.

High-Quality Large Screen proposed by Photonics Polymer Project

Photonics Polymer Project

Telemedicine by internist Telemedicine by internist Internist

Patients at Hiyoshi Campus projected on a screen

Mita campus

Entertainment Security Education

Education

Vision of the Fiber-to-the-Display Project

Security Entertainment

Medical

Medical

The Status of “Photonics Polymer” was reviewed , and the concept of “Fiber to the Display” was proposed.

Summary Summary

“Face-to-Face Communication”.

We believe that the innovation of giga-bit technologies based on these photonics polymers will bring us back to