Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers Fiber Optics - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers Fiber Optics - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 11, 2023 28 likes •436 views

Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers Fiber Optics components Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd. Fujikura proprietary 1 916-0806-049-08 Fujikura PANDA fiber solutions Fujikura has been developing below new PANDA fibers for

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Fujikura PANDA fiber products and Basics of PM fibers

Fiber Optics components Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Fujikura PANDA fiber solutions

Fujikura has been developing below new PANDA fibers for customer solutions.

– For Visible LD,Blue LED products designers SC40-P,SC48-P,SM53-P, SM63-P series – For RoHS Directive PANDA cord users Lead-free, non-halogen PANDA cord series – For Laser diode or modulator for 10G telecom designers UV coating series – For flame retardant users such as telephone office users Flame-retardant series – <15mm winding radius users

80 microns cladding diameter series, SR-PANDA fibers(125 microns cladding)

– For lower temperature dependence users as coupler manufacturers Low birefringence series

Fujikura is challenging for customer solutions to meet various needs.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Specifications for UV/UV PANDA fibers

245+/-15

SM15-PS-U25A

400+/-15

1.29

  • 1.45

3.0

  • 5.0

0.5 10.5

1.55

SM15-PS-U40A

245+/-15

SM14-PS-U25A

400+/-15

1.20

  • 1.38

2.8

  • 4.7

1.0 9.8

1.40

  • 1.49

SM14-PS-U40A

245+/-15

SM13-PS-U25A

400+/-15

1.10

  • 1.29

2.5

  • 4.0

1.0 9.5

1.3

SM13-PS-U40A

245+/-15

SM98-PS-U25A

400+/-15

0.80

  • 0.95

1.5

  • 2.7

2.5 6.6

0.98

SM98-PS-U40A

245+/-15

SM85-PS-U25A

400+/-15

UV/UV 0.65

  • 0.80
  • 30

1.0

  • 2.0

3.0 5.5

0.85

SM85-PS-U40A

µm µm Max.

dB/100m

Mm Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm µm Coating diameter Coating Structure Cut-off Wavelength Crosstal k Beat Length Attenu

  • ation

MFD λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Bend performance of 125µm cladding PANDA

Bend diameter (mm) 10 20 30 40 50 60

  • 50
  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 45
  • 35
  • 25

Crosstalk for Y-polarization Bend loss for Y-polarization λ=1.55µm

Polarization crosstalk (dB/4m) Bend loss (dB/m)

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

No significant performance degradation in a bend diameter ≥40 mm of 2% proof test PANDA fibers. 1% proof should be bent ≥ D60mm due to life time.

SM15-PS

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Flame retardant PANDA fiber UL94-V-0 Polyester-elastomer Resin

  • ver coating

UL1581-VW1 Flame retardant Alternative from Nylon coating fiber

Wavelength:0.85,0.98,1.3,1.45,1.55µm, DSF

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Specifications for 900µm PANDA fibers

UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrer- elastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrer- elastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrer- elastomer(Black) UV/Polyamide(Green) UV/Polyesrer- elastomer(Green) UV/Polyamide(Black) UV/Polyesrer- elastomer(Black) Coating Structure

SM15-PS-N90A

1.29

  • 1.45

3.0

  • 5.0

0.5 10.5

1.55

SM15-PS-H90A SM14-PS-N90A

1.20

  • 1.38

2.8

  • 4.7

1.0 9.8

1.40

  • 1.49

SM14-PS-H90A SM13-PS-N90A

1.10

  • 1.29

2.5

  • 4.0

1.0 9.5

1.3

SM13-PS-H90A SM98-PS-N90A

0.80

  • 0.95

1.5

  • 2.7

2.5 6.6

0.98

SM98-PS-H90A SM85-PS-N90A

900 +/- 100

0.65

  • 0.80
  • 25

1.0

  • 2.0

3.0 5.5

0.85

SM85-PS-H90A

µm µm

Max. dB/100m

mm

Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm

µm

Diam eter

Cut-off Wavelength Cross talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation

MFD λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Lead and Halogen free PANDA cords

0.45

  • 0.53

15 4.2

+/-0.5

0.53

SM53-PS-G20A

UV/Polyamide(Black)/ Polyolefin(Gray)

0.33

  • 0.40
  • 25

1.7 50 3.5

+/-0.7

0.41

SC40-PS-G20A

Coating Structure

0.50

  • 0.62

12 4.5

+/-0.5

0.63

SM53-PS-G20A

2.0 +/- 0.2

0.40

  • 0.47
  • 30

2.0 30 4.0

+/-0.7

0.48

SC48-PS-G20A

mm µm

Max. dB/100m

Max. mm

Max. dB/km

µm µm

Diam eter

Cut-off Wavelength Cross talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation MF Diameter

λc

Polyolefin coating for RoHS directive compatible Best alternative for PVC coating IEC60332-3-C flame-retardant 2 fiber ribbon type available

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Lead and Halogen free PANDA cords for PVC alternative(2)

UV/Polyamide(Black)/ Polyolefin(Gray) UV/Polyamide(Black)/ Polyolefin(Gray) UV/Polyamide(Black)/ Polyolefin(Gray) UV/Polyamide(Green)/ Polyolefin(Gray) UV/Polyamide(Black)/ Polyolefin(Gray) Coating Structure

1.29

  • 1.45

3.0

  • 5.0

0.5 10.5

1.55

SM15-PS-G20A

1.20

  • 1.38

2.8

  • 4.7

1.0 9.8

1.40

  • 1.49

SM14-PS-G20A

1.10

  • 1.29

2.5

  • 4.0

1.0 9.5

1.3

SM13-PS-G20A

0.80

  • 0.95

1.5

  • 2.7

2.5 6.6

0.98

SM98-PS-G20A

2.0 +/- 0.2

0.65

  • 0.77
  • 25

1.0

  • 2.0

3.0 5.5

0.85

SM85-PS-G20A

mm µm

Max. dB/100m

mm

Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm

µm

Diam eter

Cut-off Wavelength Cross talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation

MFD λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Specifications for Dispersion Shift PANDA fibers

2000 +/- 200 900 +/- 100

UV/Polyester- elastomer(Blue)

1.53

  • 25

3.0

  • 5.0

0.5 8.0 1.55

DS15-PS-H90A

400 +/- 15

UV/UV

  • 30

DS15-PS-U40A UV/Polyamide(Blu e)/Polyolefin(Gray) UV/Polyamide(Blu e)

Coating Structure

DS15-PS-G20A DS15-PS-N90A

µm µm

Max. dB/100m

mm

Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm

µm

Diamete r

Cut-off Wavelength Cross talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation

MFD λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Small radius PANDA fiber line-up

80 micron cladding PANDA fibers Suitable for several hundreds meters or 80 micron SMF connecting usages. SR15 series SM fibers have been released and widely spread as standard telecom cable. Fujikura release SR15 type PANDA fibers. Widely spread 125 micron parts and accessories usable. Properties to SR15 series splices are very good. Suitable for several meters usages.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

125micron Small radius PANDA SRSM15-PX-H specifications

Items Units

SRSM15-PX-H Specifications

Mode field diameter at 1550nm microns Attenuation at 1550nm dB/km Less than 0.50 Bending loss (30mm, 10turns at 1550nm) dB Less than 0.50 Fiber cutoff wavelength nm Less than 1440 (Typical 1330) Less than -30 at 30mm diameter x10turns Proof level % More than 2.0 9.5+/-0.4 Beat length (1.55 microns) mm 2.0-5.0 Polarization crosstalk (1.55 microns) dB/100m Less than -30 Bending polarization crosstalk (1.55microns) dB

400 microns UV/UV fiber,

900 microns Flame-retardant hytrel

microns Coating

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

SRSM15-PX-H bending properties

SRSM15-PX-U40A-H Crosstalk and Bending Loss vs Bend Diameter

  • 50
  • 45
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Bend Diameter(mm) Crosstalk (dB at 10Turn) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Bending Loss (dB/m) Fast axis Slow axis Bending Loss

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Features of RC-PANDA fibers 1

1.Higher birefringence for lateral pressure endurance

r f θ r f

r 1 E π f 4C B ⋅ =

( )

r 1 E π f θ Sin θ Cos 1 2C B ⋅ ⋅ − =

C:Photo Elastic constant E:Young’s modulus

  • 2. Attenuation and MFD non-circularity optimization

Re-design Stress applying parts

  • B2O3 , OH absorption increase
  • MFD non-circularity increase

To improve above, reduce slightly MFD diameter.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Features of RC-PANDA fibers 2

  • 3. Smaller bending radius tolerance
  • For good bending property,

Bending loss Bending crosstalk should be small both.

2 2

R r C 2 1 B =

R r

Higher aperture design and achieve good results

  • 4. Splice loss optimizing

Telecom component ⇒ Need low splice loss with different major fiber splices Requirement: Splice loss < 0.1dB

MFD differences with other fibers are designed within slight level

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Attenuation and Crosstalk in 4m length bending

980nm RC-PANDA 1550nm RC-PANDA

  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Crosstalk [dB/4m] 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Bending Loss [dB/m]

: Slow axis : Fast axis

  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Bending Diameter [mm] Crosstalk [dB/4m] 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Bending Loss [dB/m]

:Slow axis : Fast axis

Bending Diameter [mm]

Y: Fast axis X: Slow axis

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Specifications for RC-PANDA fibers

1.29

  • 1.45

2.5

  • 4.5

2.0 9.5

1.55

RCSM15-PS- U17C

1.20

  • 1.38

2.3

  • 4.2

2.0 9.0

1.40

  • 1.49

RCSM14-PS- U17C

1.10

  • 1.29

2.0

  • 3.5

2.0 8.2

1.3

RCSM13-PS- U17C

165+/-10

UV/UV 0.80

  • 0.95
  • 25

1.4

  • 2.6

2.5 6.0

0.98

RCSM98-PS- U17C

µm µm

Max. dB/100m

Mm

Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm

µm

Diameter

Coating Structure Cut-off Wavelength Cross Talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation

MFD λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

PANDA fibers for sensors

Stable sensing against external perturbations Connecting fiber to sensor light source Suitable for faraday effect sensing fibers

(UV/UV coating type of 0.63, 0.53, 0.48, 0.40µm were started to release )

Blue laser cutoff wavelength is also available

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Typical wavelength characteristics of sensor 0.48,0.63 PANDA

Typical Spectral Attenuation of SM48-P

5 10 15 20 25 30 450 500 550 600 Wavelength(nm) Loss(dB/km) Typical Spectral Attenuation of SM63-P 2 4 6 8 10 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 Wavelength (nm) Loss(dB/km)

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Specifications for sensor PANDA fibers (1)

400+/-15

UV/UV

SM53-PS-U40A

900+/-100

UV/Poly- amide (Black)

0.45

  • 0.53
  • 30

2.0 15 4.2

+/-0.5

0.53

SM53-PS-N90A 400+/-15

UV/UV

SM63-PS-U40A

900+/-100

UV/Poly- amide (Black)

0.50

  • 0.62

12 4.5

+/-0.5

0.63

SM63-PS-N90A 165+/-10

0.65

  • 0.80

3.5 3.5

+/-0.5

0.85

RCHA85-PS- U17C 245+/-15

UV/UV

1.00

  • 1.29

2.5 2.0 5.5

+/-1.0

1.3

HA13-PS-U25A

µm µm

Max. dB/100m Max.mm Max. dB/km µm

µm

Diameter

Coating Structure Cut-off Wavelength Cross- talk Beat Length Attenu- ation MF

diameter

λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Specifications for sensor PANDA fibers (2)

245+/-15 SC48-PS-U25A 400+/-15

UV/UV

SC48-PS-U40A

900+/-100

UV/Poly- amide (Black)

0.40

  • 0.47
  • 30

2.0 30 4.0

+/-0.7

0.48

SC48-PS-N90A

900+/-100

UV/Poly- amide (Black)

0.33

  • 0.40

1.7 50 3.5

+/-0.7

0.41

SC40-PS-N90A 400+/-15

UV/UV

SC40-PS-U40A 245+/-15 SC40-PS-U25A

µm µm

Max. dB/100m Max.mm Max. dB/km µm

µm

Diameter

Coating Structure Cut-off Wavelength Cross- talk Beat Length Attenu- ation MF

diameter

λc

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Low birefringence PANDA fiber

Optimized birefringence for polarization devices

– Suitable for temperature sensitive polarization devices – SAPs (Stress applying parts) interval is widely located – Lower birefringence than standard PANDA – SAP thermal expansion coefficient is less effective that temperature dependence should be stable

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Specifications for low birefringence PANDA fibers

1.10

  • 1.29

3.8

  • 5.6

1.0 9.5

1.3

SM13-PR-U25A-H

1.29

  • 1.45

4.4

  • 7.8

0.5 10.5

1.55

SM15-PR-U25A-H

1.20

  • 1.38

4.1

  • 7.3

1.0 9.8

1.40

  • 1.49

SM14-PR-U25A-H

245+/-15

UV/UV 0.80

  • 0.95
  • 25

2.8

  • 4.9

3.0 6.6

0.98

SM98-PR-U25A-H

µm µm

Max. dB/100m

mm

Max. dB/km +/-1.0 µm

µm

Diameter

Coating Structure Cut-off Wavelength Cross talk Beat Length

Attenu- ation

MFD λc

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PANDA fiber tail assembly

PANDA Connectors

–FC connector –SC connector

Custom-made Assembly

–Special ferrule –Special tail assembly

  • Rounded-end, Taper-end
  • Metallic coating, AR coating
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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

PANDA connectors

PANDA-FC Connector FC and SC Connector typical properties Polishing SPC UPC APC Insertion Loss max 0.5dB 0.5dB 0.5dB Return Loss min 40dB 50dB 60dB Crosstalk max -25dB

  • 25dB
  • 25dB

Axial Alignment typ +/-3 deg +/-3 deg +/-3 deg PANDA-SC Connector

Other connectors, polishing and axis alignments are also available.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Basics of Polarization maintaining fibers

Fiber Optics Network Products Engineering Department Fujikura Ltd.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Polarization modes in ideal SM fiber

A Single-mode(SM) fiber has two degenerated

  • rthogonal polarization modes, which have the

identical propagation constant: nx=ny, bx=by Rotational asymmetries such as core ellipse or lateral stress induce birefringence and lift the degeneracy.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Polarization in ideal SM fiber

An ideal SM fiber with perfect rotational symmetry can maintain any state of polarization. If any stress induces on the fiber or a fiber has an non circular core...

Without external stress

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Stress-induced birefringence

Rotationally asymmetrical stress changes refractive indices for two

  • rthogonal polarization direction

(birefringent axes): photo-elastic effect. As a result, the two orthogonal modes are separated: nx > ny, βx > βy: stress birefringence.

External stress due to bend or lateral pressure

σ x σ y y x

) (

σ σ

x x y x

C B

n n

− = − =

C:Photo Elastic constant

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Polarization in actual SM fiber

Stress-induce phase difference causes polarization change. State of polarization at output is not stable.

External stress

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Structure of PANDA fiber

Boron-doped SAP(Stress applying parts) have higher thermal coefficient of expansion than the cladding.

– SAP: 3 X10-6 / degree C – Cladding: 5 X 10-7 / degree C

The SAP shrinks more than the cladding during cooling process of drawing. Tensile stress of SAP direction remains in the core induces large stress birefringence.

Core (GeO2+SiO2) Y ( f ast axis) Cladding (SiO2) X ( slow axis) Stress applying parts (B2O3+SiO2)

Refractive index profile along x- direction

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

How to preserve polarization

A fiber with high internal birefringence can maintain linear polarization against external perturbations since its birefringent axis rotation is small. Birefringence induced by external stress Intrinsic birefringence

External stress Intrinsic birefringence vector

<<

Polarization crosstalk

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Production process of Fujikura PANDA

Drawing Assembling Manufacture VAD preform Drilling, lapping and polishing , Manufacture SAPs Intermediate inspection Final inspection Rewinding to shipping spool Shipment Prooftest

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Inspection items and methods on PANDA fiber

FOTP-193 Direct F Crosstalk ITU-T G.650

JME / Wavelegth scan

I Group beat length ITU-T G.650 OTDR / Spectral loss (cutback) I Attenuation ITU-T G.650 Bend reference I Cutoff wavelength ITU-T G.650 Far-field pattern / Variable aperture I Mode field diameter

  • Microscope

O / I Coat diameter ITU-T G.650 Grey scale I / F Core offset ITU-T G.650 Grey scale O / I / F Fiber diameter Reference Method or technique Application O: Process measurement I: Intermediate inspection F: Final inspection

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Beat length

Beat length Lb is one cycle of periodical polarization variation along a PM fiber. Related to modal birefringence as follows:

B Lb λ =

L b : B e a t l e n g t h

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Measurement of polarization crosstalk

Measure the extinction ratio of output light while input linear polarization is launched into input.

Fiber under test Compensator or depolarizer Analyzer Light Source Power meter

CT=10log Py Px CT=10logP x Py Polarization crosstalk

Polarizer Py Py Px Px X-Pol. Y-Pol.

Unit: dB

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Power coupling coefficient

Polarization crosstalk in linear expression is proportional to fiber length through random mode- coupling. Power coupling coefficient, h-parameter, is defined as a power coupled to the orthogonal mode in unit length.

L:Fiber Length

L L h η η ≈ =

−

) ( tan 1

10

10

CT x y

P P = = η

  • 50
  • 40
  • 35
  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15

1 10 100 1000 Polarization crosstalk (dB)

  • 30 dB/100 m
  • 25 dB/100 m

CT0 = -47 dB

  • 45

Fiber length (m)

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Reliability performance

Passed Origin, Temperature-humidity aging IEC,GR-20 Fatigue value

6

Passed For reference, Flame retardant only

UL1591 VW-1

Other

7

Passed

Origin, Aging(-40,85degC),Temperature cycling,Temperature-humidity aging

IEC,GR-20 Tensile strength

5

Passed

Aging(-40,85degC), Temperature cycling Temperature-humidity aging, Hot water soak

  • Polarization

Crosstalk

4

Passed

Aging(-40,85degC), Temperature cycling Temperature-humidity aging, Hot water soak

  • Attenuation

3

Passed

Origin(45,23,0degC), Temperature- humidity aging, Water soak,Hot water soak

IEC,GR-20 Strippability

2

Passed Origin,Temperature-humidity aging, Water soak,Hot water soak

  • Observation of

Coating

1

Results

Condition

Reference

Test item

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Fiber strength certification by Mitsunaga theory

Below failure probability equation is commonly used for telecom networking.

Griffith flaw model shows micro defects on the fiber. Flaws are grown to break by external stress to the fiber. If no external stress, then no break. Fiber break is caused by below conditions Frequency of low strength portion : Initial distribution of low strength Growing speed of flaws : Ambient condition such as temperature / moisture Stress : Tensile stress, Twisting stress : Macro bending stress, Micro bending This equation covers only for tensile stress and macro bending, but not for twisting stress and micro bending to the fiber.

Mitsunaga, et al. : “Failure prediction for long length optical fiber based on proof testing”, J.Appl. Phys. 53(7), July 1982

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

PANDA fiber failure probabilities after 2% proof test

Failure probability calculation by Mitsunaga theory Bending : 10Turns, Tensile strength to the fiber : 50grams

1.0E-14 1.0E-13 1.0E-12 1.0E-11 1.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Bending diameter (mm) Failure probability during 20 years

Radius 15mm failure probability is around 1.0E-08 after 20years.

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Fujikura proprietary 916-0806-049-08

Summary of Fujikura PANDA fiber

Low attenuation and low polarization crosstalk with superior designing and manufacturing. High dimensional symmetry and uniformity. – Suitable for splicing,connectorizing and optical devices. High reliability proofed in actual system and customer New series are released as ongoing developments – Lead-free, non-halogen PANDA cord series – Sensing

(SM48-P,SM63-P, RCHA85-P,HA13-P UV/UV series )

– Flame retardant coating – 80 microns cladding, SR-PANDA fibers(125 microns cladding) – Low birefringence Fujikura is challenging for customer solution together.