REC RECIR IRCUL CULATION TION AQU QUACUL CULTURE TURE SY SYSTEM STEM (RAS) (RAS) - A BIOSECUR A BIOSECURITY ITY SOL SOLUTION UTION FO FOR R PR PRAWN WN FAR ARMING MING Marcell B. de Carvalho – Ridley Aquafeed
OVER VERVI VIEW EW RAS explained How it works? Bio filtration The future of RAS Why RAS fails? RAS in prawn farming - where is the value? Q/A RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
DEFINING DEFINING RAS RAS Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a technology for farming of aquatic animals in which the process water is continuously reconditioned and reused. What justifies a RAS? 1. Limited availability of water in: • Quantity • Quality 2. Limited discharge Current legislation in QLD impose discharge limits to: • Chemicals and Drugs • Physico-chemical indicators RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
DEFINING DEFINING RAS RAS Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a technology for farming of aquatic animals in which the process water is continuously reconditioned and reused. water is continuously reconditioned and reused. 1. RAS can decreases the water demand up to 99% of the original requirements in flow through (FAO) 2. Independence from external condition 3. Control all the parameters in the production RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
MAIN MAIN AD ADVANT ANTAGES GES Flow Through – Limited control. Water Exchange O2 Feed Quality Feeding Stock RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017 Rate Density
MAIN MAIN AD ADVANT ANTAGES GES Salinity Temperature Light Alkalinity Nitrogen pH nutrients Control = CO2 Monitoring Water Organics Exchange Feed Quality O2 Feeding Stock RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017 Rate Density
MAIN MAIN AD ADVANT ANTAGES GES Salinity Temperature Light Alkalinity Nitrogen pH nutrients 1.Risk reduced • Better filtration Diseases CO2 • Probiotic Water Organics Exchange Feed Quality O2 Feeding Stock RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017 Rate Density
HO HOW W IT W IT WORKS? ORKS? pH pH Aeration and Aeration and Sump Sump Oxygenation Oxygenation Culture Culture Reservoir Reservoir & & Diffusers, P. wheels, Diffusers, P. wheels, Tanks Tanks Pumps Pumps O2 cones, U tubes O2 cones, U tubes Disinfection Disinfection Ozone contact Ozone contact Solids Removal Solids Removal CO2 Removal CO2 Removal Fines & Dissolved Fines & Dissolved Sedimentation, Scree filters, Sedimentation, Scree filters, Diffusers, Degassing Diffusers, Degassing Solids Solids Bead Filters, Sand Filters, Bead Filters, Sand Filters, Column Column Foam Fractionation Foam Fractionation Drum filters, Bag filters Drum filters Water Source Water Source Biological Filtration Biological Filtration Temperature Temperature Disinfection Disinfection Fluidised media, Micro Fluidised media, Micro Inline and Inline and Fresh Fresh UV UV filters, etc. filters, etc. submersible submersible Marine Marine heaters, heat ex heaters, heat ex RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
NITR NITROGEN OGEN CY CYCLE CLE RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
BIO BIO-FIL FILTRA TRATIO TION Nitrogen removal mechanism: 1. Photoautotrophic algae 2. Heterotrophic bacteria PROBIOTIC 3. Autotrophic bacterial Important facts about bio-filters and nitrifying bacterial: 1. It consumes O2 and alkalinity, and produces CO2 2. It needs substrate for to grow, but it do NOT consumed organic solids 3. Produces little bacterial biomass and growth slow 4. Easily flushed out 5. Grow better in warm water >3ppm of dissolved nitrogen NOT made to operate with light, otherwise… 6. 7. Sensitive to environment changes 8. When matured, it becomes a source of natural probiotic RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
NEXT NEXT GENE GENERA RATIO TION N OF OF RAS RAS – EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY “ nothing is created, nothing is lost, everything is transformed.” Energy efficiency : Single lifting stages Sludge and waste treatment : Dewatering technologies Biological use of waste – BFT and integrated systems Nitrogen waste removal: Deammonification reactors – Anammox NO2 Production of Micro- and Macro- Water Ex algae biomass TAN NO3 RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
RAS RAS FAIL AILURE URE Why there is so many failure in RAS operations? 1 - System design 2 - Business plan 3 - Marketing 4 - Lack of resources RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017 SOURCE: Jeffery K., Stinton N. & Ellis T (Cefas) (2010)
RAS RAS IN IN PRA PRAWN WN FARMI ARMING NG Where RAS delivers value in prawn farming? WSSV WSSV WSSV WSSV WSSV Decrease viral load and prevent it from entering the farm BIOSECURITY Quarantine Sanitary dry-outs Sanitary Decrease Stress Geomembrane barriers: domes, green-houses Control of water parameters, Organic matter Temp, pH, salinity Geo Water treatment filtration SPF Increasing Resistance animals Aeration and Good Water O2 Practices disinfection SPR animals People and equipment Probiotics RAS Nutrition disinfection Immune-stimulants
RAS RAS IN IN PRA PRAWN WN FARMI ARMING NG Biosecurity and Performance WSSV WSSV WSSV WSSV WSSV Decrease viral load and prevent it Decrease viral load and prevent it from entering the farm from entering the farm BIOSECURITY BIOSECURITY Quarantine Quarantine Sanitary dry-outs Decrease Stress Sanitary Decrease Stress Geomembrane barriers: domes, green-houses Control of water parameters, Control of water parameters, Organic matter Temp, pH, salinity Geo Temp, pH, salinity Water treatment filtration SPF SPF Increasing Resistance Increasing Resistance animals animals Aeration and Good Water O2 Practices disinfection SPR animals People and equipment Probiotics RAS Probiotics Nutrition disinfection Immune-stimulants Immune-stimulants
APP APPLICA LICATI TION ON Biosecurity and Performance 1. Mainly in fish farming globally 1. Quarantine 2. Broodstock Hatchery – Nursery 3. 4. Grow out Live feed in South Finfish larval hearing In Saudi Arabia 2. Prawn farming Australia 1. Quarantine 2. Maturation 3. Breeding programs 4. Larval hearing up top PL But commercial production has been done more in BFT Shrimp maturation In Saudi Arabia
THANK YOU! Marcell Boaventura – Technical Account Manager - Mainland marcell.boaventura@ridley.com.au +61 0475817109 RIDLEY | AUGUST 2017
CARBO CARBON N DIO DIOXIDE, XIDE, ALKAL ALKALINITY INITY AND AND PH PH RELA RELATIONS TIONSHIP IP • Respiration releases (CO 2 ) in the water. It hydrates and form carbonic acid(H 2 CO 3 ), which equilibrates in the water carbonate buffer forming bicarbonate(HCO 3- ) and carbonate(CO 32- ) with the release of the H + . (This represents the increase of alkalinity and decrease of pH) • Degassing water removes (CO 2 ), than the carbonate system in the water re- equilibrates to form additional (CO 2 ) and (H 2 CO 3 ) using bicarbonate(HCO 3- ) and carbonate(CO 32- ) with the removal of (H + ). (This represents the decrease in Alkalinity and increase in pH). Nitrification releases H + ions to the water, decreasing the pH, making the carbonate • system re-equilibrate to form additional CO 2 and H 2 CO 3 using bicarbonate(HCO 3- ) and carbonate(CO 3 2- ) (This represents the decrease in Alkalinity with decrease in pH).
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