Se a so na l Re c o ve ry o f a n Appa la c hia n Stre a m Affe c te - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Se a so na l Re c o ve ry o f a n Appa la c hia n Stre a m Affe c te d b y Ac id Mine Dra ina g e a nd Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r Mo rg a n White d , Jo hn Ga ug ha n, Sa wye r Re nse l, Justin Hug o , Willia m H. J. Stro snide r, & Pe te r M. Smynte k

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du Che mistr y Data Mac r oinve r te br ate Data Conc lusion

Co -T re a tme nt  Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r T re a tme nt Pla nt E fflue nt (MWW)  Ac id Mine Dra ina g e (AMD)

Wha t is in MWW? Ra w I nflue nt Our “T re a te d” MWW E fflue nt  Co nta ins  Co nta ins  E  E le va te d Pho spho rus oge n le vate d Phosphor us & Nitr  E  Re sidual Or le va te d Nitro g e n ganic s  Pa tho g e ns  CE Cs?  Org a nic Ca rb o n  Alkalinity  Othe r c o nta mina nts o f e me rg ing c o nc e rn (CE Cs) e .g . Pha rma c e utic a ls  Alka linity

I na dve rte nt T re a tme nt? AMD pro vide s MWW pro vide s  Co a g ula nts  Re a c ta nt  F  Pho spho rus e  pH Buffe r  Al  Disinfe c ta nt  Alka linity  So rb e nt  pH  Me ta ls  Re sidua l Org a nic s

What happe ns in c o- tr e atme nt of AMD & MWW? Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , SO 4 2- & H + AMD: - , PO 4 3- ), Organic matter & MWW: Nutrients (NO 3 Alkalinity (CaCO 3 ) Focus on rapid reactions Al 3+ 3- (aq) + PO 4 (aq) AlPO 4(s) pH = 5-6 Fe 3+ 3- (aq) + PO 4 (aq) FePO 4(s) pH = ~3.5-6 Al 3+ (aq) + H 2 O (aq) Al(OH) 3(s) + H + pH = 5.2-8.8 Fe 3+ (aq) + H 2 O (aq) Fe(OH) 3(s) + H + pH > 3 Sorption: Phosphorus will sorb to the Al and Fe hydroxides

Why is this I mpo rta nt?  ~2500 mile s o f AMD impa c te d stre a ms in PA  ~950 wa ste wa te r tre a tme nt pla nts in PA  Ho we ve r, stra ig ht-piping is pre va le nt thro ug ho ut Appa la c hia https:/ / www.b lue te c hre se a rc h.c o m/ c ha rts/ b lue te c h-c ha rt-mo nth-numb e r-c o mpa riso n-us-munic ipa l- https:/ / skytruth.o rg / 2015/ 10/ ma pping -a b a ndo ne d -c o a l-mine s tre a tme nt-pla nts-flo w/ https:/ / www.na p.e du/ re a d/ 11196/ c ha pte r/ 6

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du Che mistr y Data Mac r oinve r te br ate Data Conc lusion

http:/ / www.myo nline ma ps.c o m/ pe nnsylva nia - c o untie s-ma p.php Study Site : Bra dle y Run  L o c a tio n: Ga llitzin, Pe nnsylva nia (20 minute s SW o f Alto o na , 90 minute s E o f Pittsb urg h) Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Po le line Culve rt AMD MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Upstre a m (un-impa c te d) Site Po le line Culve rt AMD MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Po le line Culve rt Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r (MWW) AMD Site MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Ac id Mine Dra ina g e (AMD) Site Po le line Culve rt AMD MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Culve rt (impa c te d) Site Po le line Culve rt AMD MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s Bridg e Po le line Culve rt AMD MWW Upstre a m Go o g le E a rth

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du Che mistr y Data Mac r oinve r te br ate Data Conc lusion

Che mistry Me tho ds  Sa mpling Pro to c o l  1-2 time s pe r we e k  Aug ust – Oc to b e r 2014 & 2015  Ma y – June 2016  Wa te r Sa mple s  YSI Pro fe ssio na l Plus Pro b e  Wha t wa s me a sure d?  Me a sure d Me ta l c o nc e ntra tio ns  Aluminum & I ro n  Anio n c o nc e ntra tio ns  Pho spha te & Nitra te  Wa te r q ua lity pa ra me te rs

pH shows recovery downstream Me a n pH – F a ll 2014- 15 pH 8.0 AB A B 7.0 6.0 Sites sharing a letter are not 5.0 significantly different from each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) 4.0 n = 20-21/site Poleline Upstream MWW AMD Culvert Bridge

Only slight recovery of alkalinity downstream Me a n Alka linity Conc e ntra tion (mg / l) Concentration (mg/l) Fall 2014-15 80 60 40 C C Sites sharing a letter are not A 20 significantly different from AB B each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) 0 n = 16/site Upstream MWW Poleline Bridge AMD Culvert

Phosphate is rapidly removed while nitrate is conserved downstream 3- & NO 3 - Conc e ntr Me an PO 4 ation (mg/ l) 3- (mg/l) - (mg/l) PO 4 NO 3 Fall 2014-15 16 120 3- PO 4 - NO 3 PO4 NO3 14 100 12 80 10 8 60 6 40 Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different from 4 each other (1-way ANOVA, 20 B B B Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) 2 A A n = 20-21/site 0 0 Upstream MWW AMD Culvert Poleline Bridge

Al & Fe are removed downstream Me an Dissolve d Al & F e Conc e ntr ation (mg/ l) Dissolved Dissolved Fall 2014-15 Al (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) 4.0 0.6 Al F e 0.5 3.0 0.4 A 2.0 0.3 A 0.2 Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different 1.0 from each other (1-way B 0.1 ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < AB A B AB A B 0.05) B B 0.0 0.0 n = 20-21/site MWW AMD Culvert Poleline Upstream Bridge

3- removal; moderate Al Good PO 4 removal; variability % Re moval of c onstitue nts at the Culve r t (2015) % Re moval of c onstitue nts at the Culve r t (2014) 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% 3- PO 4 3- PO 4 PO4 PO4 3- PO 4 20% 20% Al Al 0% 0%

Al concentration & % PO 4 removal at the Culvert as a function of pH 3.5 100% 3.0 80% atoin (mg/ l) 3- Re move d 2.5 Al Conc e ntr a tion Fall 2014-15 60% 2.0 Spring 2016 Al Conc e ntra tion Al Conc e ntr % PO4 Re mova l 1.5 3- Removal %PO 4 % PO 4 40% y = 131,078.75e - 2.30x 1.0 2 = 0.80 R R² = 0.80 20% 0.5 0.0 0% 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 pH

Me a n pH F all Spr ing Hig he r Upstre a m flo w = 8.0 hig he r pH a t Culve rt 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 Upstream MWW AMD Culvert Poleline Bridge

Stre a m Re c o ve ry Ba se d o n Che mistry  Co inc ide nta l re mo va l o f Al & PO 4 3-  AMD ma sks PO 4 3- inputs fro m MWW in Bra dle y Run  Spring “re c o ve ry” o f stre a m re la tive to F a ll

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du Che mistr y Data Mac r oinve r te br ate Data Conc lusion

T he Ma c ro inve rte b ra te Da ta  Me tho ds  Sa mple d  Se pte mb e r 2015: 2 da te s  Ma y – June 2016: 5 da te s  Ada pta tio n o f the US E PA Ra pid Bio -a sse ssme nt Pro to c o l  4 Site s: Upstre a m, Culve rt, Po le line , & Bridg e  I de ntific a tio n a c h Gro up 1 Gro up 2 Gro up 3 Amo unt o f E  3 Gro up Ra re X 5.0 X 3.2 X 1.2  Wa te r q ua lity sc o re de te rmine d Co mmo n X 5.6 X 3.4 X 1.1 Do mina nt X 5.3 X 3.0 X 1.0  Pe rc e nt E PT Wa te r Qua lity Sc o re Po o r a ir Go o d F <20 20 to 40 >40

Spring Co unts Pe r Gro up Gro up 1 Gro up 2 E nviro nme nta l F a c to rs? Ano the r AMD Disc ha rg e ? Gro up 3 Site s By Numb e r 1 = Upstre a m 2 = Culve rt 3 = Po le line 4 = Bridg e

Gro up 1 Pe rc e nta g e (E PT )  E phe me ro pte ra (Ma yflie s)  Ple c o pte ra (Sto ne flie s)  T ric ho pte ra (Ca se -b uilding Ca ddisflie s) F a ll 2015 Pe rc e nt E PT Sa mpling Site 9/ 8/ 2015 9/ 10/ 2015 Ave ra g e Upstre a m 52 50 51 Culve rt 0 0 0 Po le line 2 6 4 Bridg e 12 7 9 Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT Sa mpling Site 5/ 17/ 2016 5/ 19/ 2016 5/ 24/ 2016 5/ 26/ 2016 5/ 31/ 2016 Ave ra g e Upstre a m 80 67 76 41 57 64 Culve rt 68 38 55 59 58 55 Po le line 0 3 4 11 10 5 Bridg e 6 4 10 39 46 21

Br adle y Run Mac r oinve r te br ate - base d Wate r Quality Sc or e 50 Good 40 F all 2015 n = 2 sampling F air dates 30 Wate r Quality Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT Sc or e Spr ing Po le line 5 Bridg e 21 2016 20 n = 5 sampling dates 10 0 Upstr e am Culve r t Pole line Br idge

Wha t Do e s T his Me a n?  F a ll da ta  Sho ws wa te r q ua lity sc o re dro ps a t the Culve rt  L o we r flo ws  MMW pH ~ 3  Be g ins to rise a g a in a t Po le line  Spring Da ta  Quic k re c o ve ry a t Culve rt  Hig he r flo ws  WWT P Upda te  Sc o re s dro p a t Po le line  Othe r po ssib le AMD so urc e s  Po o r ha b ita t

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du Che mistr y Data Mac r oinve r te br ate Data Conc lusion

Do e s Bra dle y Run Sho w Re c o ve ry?  Spring “re c o ve ry” is re la tive to the F a ll  I 3- na dve rte nt re mo va l o f Al a nd PO 4  Wa te r Qua lity Sc o re  F a ll indic a te s slig ht re c o ve ry a t the Po le line  Spring indic a te s re c o ve ry b y Culve rt  Sc o re s dro p o ff a t Po le line a nd Bridg e Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT Po le line 5 Bridg e 21

Wha t’ s Ne xt?  Co ntinue d mo nito ring  Ma c ro inve rte b ra te  Stre a m Visua l Asse ssme nt Pro to c o l  Co mpa riso n  Riffle to Riffle  Po o l to Po o l  I de ntify o the r so urc e s o f impa c t  Ne w MWW tre a tme nt syste m  F uture AMD tre a tme nt syste m