Se a so na l Re c o ve ry o f a n Appa la c hia n Stre a m Affe c te - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Se a so na l Re c o ve ry o f a n Appa la c hia n Stre a m Affe c te d b y Ac id Mine Dra ina g e a nd Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r

Mo rg a n White d , Jo hn Ga ug ha n, Sa wye r Re nse l, Justin Hug o , Willia m H. J. Stro snide r, & Pe te r M. Smynte k

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? Conc lusion Che mistr y Data Mac r

• inve r

te br ate Data

http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du

Co -T re a tme nt

 Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r T

re a tme nt Pla nt E fflue nt (MWW)

 Ac id Mine Dra ina g e (AMD)

Wha t is in MWW?

Ra w I nflue nt

 Co nta ins

 E

le va te d Pho spho rus

 E

le va te d Nitro g e n

 Pa tho g e ns  Org a nic Ca rb o n  Othe r c o nta mina nts o f

e me rg ing c o nc e rn (CE Cs) e .g . Pha rma c e utic a ls

 Alka linity

Our “T re a te d” MWW E fflue nt

 Co nta ins

 E

le vate d Phosphor us & Nitr

• ge n

 Re sidual Or

ganic s

 CE

Cs?

 Alkalinity

I na dve rte nt T re a tme nt?

AMD pro vide s

Co a g ula nts

F

e

Al

Disinfe c ta nt

pH Me ta ls

MWW pro vide s

Re a c ta nt

Pho spho rus

pH Buffe r

Alka linity

So rb e nt

Re sidua l Org a nic s

What happe ns in c o- tr e atme nt of AMD & MWW? AMD: Focus on rapid reactions Al3+

(aq) + PO4 3- (aq) AlPO4(s)

MWW: Nutrients (NO3

• , PO4

3-), Organic matter &

Alkalinity (CaCO3) Al3+, Fe3+, SO4

2- & H+

Fe3+

(aq) + PO4 3- (aq) FePO4(s)

Al3+

(aq) + H2O(aq) Al(OH)3(s) + H+

Fe3+

(aq) + H2O(aq) Fe(OH)3(s) + H+

pH = 5-6 pH = 5.2-8.8 pH = ~3.5-6 pH > 3

Sorption: Phosphorus will sorb to the Al and Fe hydroxides

Why is this I mpo rta nt?

 ~2500 mile s o f AMD impa c te d stre a ms in PA  ~950 wa ste wa te r tre a tme nt pla nts in PA

 Ho we ve r, stra ig ht-piping is pre va le nt thro ug ho ut Appa la c hia

https:/ / www.b lue te c hre se a rc h.c o m/ c ha rts/ b lue te c h-c ha rt-mo nth-numb e r-c o mpa riso n-us-munic ipa l- tre a tme nt-pla nts-flo w/

https:/ / www.na p.e du/ re a d/ 11196/ c ha pte r/ 6

https:/ / skytruth.o rg / 2015/ 10/ ma pping -a b a ndo ne d -c o a l-mine s

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? Conc lusion Che mistr y Data Mac r

• inve r

te br ate Data

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Study Site : Bra dle y Run

 L

• c a tio n: Ga llitzin, Pe nnsylva nia (20 minute s SW o f Alto o na ,

90 minute s E

• f Pittsb urg h)

Go o g le E a rth

http:/ / www.myo nline ma ps.c o m/ pe nnsylva nia - c o untie s-ma p.php

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Go o g le E a rth

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Upstre a m (un-impa c te d) Site

Go o g le E a rth

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Munic ipa l Wa ste wa te r (MWW) Site

Go o g le E a rth

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Ac id Mine Dra ina g e (AMD) Site

Go o g le E a rth

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Culve rt (impa c te d) Site

Go o g le E a rth

AMD Culve rt MWW Upstre a m Po le line Bridg e

Br adle y Run Sampling Site s

Go o g le E a rth

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? Conc lusion Che mistr y Data Mac r

• inve r

te br ate Data

http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du

Che mistry Me tho ds

 Sa mpling Pro to c o l

 1-2 time s pe r we e k

Aug ust – Oc to b e r 2014 & 2015 Ma y – June 2016

 Wa te r Sa mple s  YSI

Pro fe ssio na l Plus Pro b e

 Wha t wa s me a sure d?

 Me a sure d Me ta l c o nc e ntra tio ns

 Aluminum & I

ro n

 Anio n c o nc e ntra tio ns

Pho spha te & Nitra te

 Wa te r q ua lity pa ra me te rs

4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Me a n pH – F a ll 2014- 15

Upstream MWW Culvert AMD Poleline Bridge n = 20-21/site

AB A B

Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different from each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05)

pH shows recovery downstream

pH

20 40 60 80

Me a n Alka linity Conc e ntra tion (mg / l)

Upstream MWW Culvert AMD Poleline Bridge Concentration (mg/l) n = 16/site

A AB B C C

Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different from each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05)

Only slight recovery of alkalinity downstream

Fall 2014-15

20 40 60 80 100 120 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Me an PO 4

3- & NO 3

• Conc e ntr

ation (mg/ l)

PO4 NO3

B A B Upstream B

PO4

3- (mg/l)

A MWW Culvert AMD Poleline Bridge

PO4

3-

NO3

• NO3
• (mg/l)

Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different from each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) n = 20-21/site

Phosphate is rapidly removed while nitrate is conserved downstream

Fall 2014-15

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Me an Dissolve d Al & F e Conc e ntr ation (mg/ l) Al F e

AB A AB Upstream B

Dissolved Al (mg/l)

MWW Culvert AMD Poleline Bridge A

Dissolved Fe (mg/l)

Sites sharing a letter are not significantly different from each other (1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05) n = 20-21/site

Al & Fe are removed downstream

A A B B B B

Fall 2014-15

Good PO4

3- removal; moderate Al

removal; variability

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

% Re moval of c onstitue nts at the Culve r t (2015) PO4 Al

PO4

3-

PO4

3-

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

% Re moval of c onstitue nts at the Culve r t (2014) PO4 Al

PO4

3-

y = 131,078.75e - 2.30x R² = 0.80

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

% PO 4

3- Re move d

Al Conc e ntr atoin (mg/ l) pH

Al Conc e ntr a tion Spring 2016 Al Conc e ntra tion % PO4 Re mova l

%PO4

3- Removal

Al concentration & % PO4 removal at the Culvert as a function of pH

Fall 2014-15 R

2 = 0.80

4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Me a n pH

F all Spr ing

Upstream MWW Culvert AMD Poleline Bridge

Hig he r Upstre a m flo w = hig he r pH a t Culve rt

Stre a m Re c o ve ry Ba se d o n Che mistry

 Co inc ide nta l re mo va l o f Al & PO 4

3-

 AMD ma sks PO 4

3- inputs fro m MWW in Bra dle y Run

 Spring “re c o ve ry” o f stre a m re la tive to F

a ll

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? Conc lusion Che mistr y Data Mac r

• inve r

te br ate Data

http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du

T he Ma c ro inve rte b ra te Da ta

 Me tho ds

 Sa mple d

Se pte mb e r 2015: 2 da te s Ma y – June 2016: 5 da te s

 Ada pta tio n o f the US E

PA Ra pid Bio -a sse ssme nt Pro to c o l

4 Site s: Upstre a m, Culve rt, Po le line , & Bridg e

 I

de ntific a tio n

 3 Gro up  Wa te r q ua lity sc o re de te rmine d  Pe rc e nt E

PT

Amo unt o f E a c h Gro up 1 Gro up 2 Gro up 3 Ra re X 5.0 X 3.2 X 1.2 Co mmo n X 5.6 X 3.4 X 1.1 Do mina nt X 5.3 X 3.0 X 1.0 Wa te r Qua lity Sc o re Po o r F a ir Go o d <20 20 to 40 >40

Spring Co unts Pe r Gro up

Site s By Numb e r 1 = Upstre a m 2 = Culve rt 3 = Po le line 4 = Bridg e Gro up 1 Gro up 2

E nviro nme nta l F a c to rs? Ano the r AMD Disc ha rg e ?

Gro up 3

Gro up 1 Pe rc e nta g e (E PT )

 E

phe me ro pte ra (Ma yflie s)

 Ple c o pte ra (Sto ne flie s)  T

ric ho pte ra (Ca se -b uilding Ca ddisflie s)

Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT

Sa mpling Site 5/ 17/ 2016 5/ 19/ 2016 5/ 24/ 2016 5/ 26/ 2016 5/ 31/ 2016 Ave ra g e Upstre a m 80 67 76 41 57 64 Culve rt 68 38 55 59 58 55 Po le line 3 4 11 10 5 Bridg e 6 4 10 39 46 21

F a ll 2015 Pe rc e nt E PT

Sa mpling Site 9/ 8/ 2015 9/ 10/ 2015 Ave ra g e Upstre a m 52 50 51 Culve rt Po le line 2 6 4 Bridg e 12 7 9

10 20 30 40 50 Upstr e am Culve r t Pole line Br idge

Wate r Quality Sc or e

Br adle y Run Mac r

• inve r

te br ate - base d Wate r Quality Sc or e

F all 2015 Spr ing 2016

Good F air

n = 5 sampling dates n = 2 sampling dates

Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT Po le line 5 Bridg e 21

Wha t Do e s T his Me a n?

 F

a ll da ta

 Sho ws wa te r q ua lity sc o re dro ps a t the Culve rt

 L

• we r flo ws

 MMW pH ~ 3

 Be g ins to rise a g a in a t Po le line

 Spring Da ta

 Quic k re c o ve ry a t Culve rt

 Hig he r flo ws  WWT

P Upda te

 Sc o re s dro p a t Po le line

 Othe r po ssib le AMD so urc e s  Po o r ha b ita t

What’s Be ing Studie d? Whe r e Did We Study? Conc lusion Che mistr y Data Mac r

• inve r

te br ate Data

http:/ / www.c he m.vt.e du

Do e s Bra dle y Run Sho w Re c o ve ry?

 Spring “re c o ve ry” is re la tive to the F

a ll

 I

na dve rte nt re mo va l o f Al a nd PO 4

3-

 Wa te r Qua lity Sc o re

 F

a ll indic a te s slig ht re c o ve ry a t the Po le line

 Spring indic a te s re c o ve ry b y Culve rt

Sc o re s dro p o ff a t Po le line a nd Bridg e

Spring 2016 Pe rc e nt E PT Po le line 5 Bridg e 21

Wha t’ s Ne xt?

 Co ntinue d mo nito ring  Ma c ro inve rte b ra te

 Stre a m Visua l Asse ssme nt Pro to c o l  Co mpa riso n

Riffle to Riffle Po o l to Po o l

 I

de ntify o the r so urc e s o f impa c t

 Ne w MWW tre a tme nt syste m  F

uture AMD tre a tme nt syste m

Ac kno wle dg e me nts

 K

e lse a Pa lme r, Jo hn F

• rtuna to , Ama ris Ro drig ue z, Xime
• C. Smynte k, Na tha n R. White d, L

a ne L

• ya

 SF

U E nviro nme nta l E ng ine e ring Me a sure me nts c la sse s: Ha nna h Pa tto n, Da lto n Ma c k, Wa lb e r Ca b ra l de Andra de , L ydia Mig no g na , Jo sh Ving lish, C. J. Spe llma n, Will Vo do pive c , K e ila Pa rre ira , Cristina Ma rc illo , Ca rly Gro me l, K e vin T

• mko wski, Bruna Sma nio tto , L
• uisa

So a re s, Jo a o T

• ma z, Ma rc e la Ca rve lho , Ma ria na

Olive ria , Rhua n Phe lippe , Je b Bo rtz, Giulia no Bruno Ge me ro , T ha le s Sa ra iva Guima ra e s, Ma ria Me lo Ro c ha , Ca le b We ya nt, E ric Ba ke r, Nic ho la s F ra nk, Ga b b y Ge o rg e tso n, Jo hn Go la no ski, Da vid Ma dl, Je ssic a Ma zzur, Ma ria Me ssina

F

unding: