SANITATION ARE CRUCIAL FOR POVERTY REDUCTION, CRUCIAL FOR - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mar 29, 2023 421 likes •775 views

SAFE DRINKING WATER AND ADEQUATE SANITATION ARE CRUCIAL FOR POVERTY REDUCTION, CRUCIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CRUCIAL FOR ACHIEVING ANY AND EVERY ONE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. 01 OBJECTIVE TO EVALUATE NEW

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SAFE DRINKING WATER AND ADEQUATE SANITATION ARE CRUCIAL FOR POVERTY REDUCTION, CRUCIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CRUCIAL FOR ACHIEVING ANY AND EVERY ONE OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.

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OBJECTIVE 01

TO EVALUATE NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE BIOSAND FILTER GEOMETRY AND THE OUTLET INSIDE THE FILTERS, USING THE CFD TO SIMULATE THE FLOW IN THE MODELS: HYDRAID, CAWST AND PEU/UEM.

PEU/UEM CAWST HYDRAID

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METODOLOGY 02 02 03 04

BUILDING AND OPERATING THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

SUPPLY CRITERIA
REMOVAL OF TOTAL COLIFORME AND E. COLI
REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY AND PH

SIMULATION IN PERM. AND ITERM. REGIME

COMPARATION BETWEEN USUAL FILTER AND

ADOPTED OUTLET.

DETERMINATION OF RTD CURVE

RTD CURVE EXPERIMENTAL FILTER
RTD CURVE NUMERICAL MODELS

CHOICE OF OUTLET

4 DIFFERENT MODELS OF OUTLET FOR PEU/UEM
MODELS SIMULATION.
RESULT ANALYSIS

01

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CHOICE OF OUTLET 03

FOR THIS STUDY WE USED THE PEU/UEM DESIGN. SIMULATION OF FILTER CONSIDERING AND NOT CONSIDERING THE POROUS LAYERS FOR THE FOUR OUTLET MODELS

PEU/UEM

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03.1 CHOICE OF OUTLET

NOT CONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS - FLOWLINE

CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING

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03.2 CHOICE OF OUTLET

CONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS - FLOWLINE

CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING

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03.2 CHOICE OF OUTLET

CONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS – VELOCITY PROFILE

CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING

AXIS XZ

[Y=0]

AXIS YZ

[X=0]

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03 .2

CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING

AXIS XZ AXIS YZ

CHOICE OF OUTLET

CONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS – VELOCITY PROFILE

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04

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04.1

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0,0100 0,1000 1,0000 10,0000

D10%=0.23 D60%=0.40 PASSING PERCENTAGE (%)

GRAIN DIMMENSIONS (mm)

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04.1

GRAIN SPECIFIC MASS (NBR 6508/84) MAXIMUM VOID RATIO (NBR 12004/90) D10% D60%

ρ=2,75 (g/cm³) emáx=44,22% D10%=0,23 (mm) D60%=0,40 (mm)

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04.2

SUPPLY CRITERIA

CONTINOUS OPERATION INTERMITTENT OPERATION

SUPPLY 10L/DAY SUPPLY 10L/DAY

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04.3

BACTERIOLOGICAL REMOVAL

INDEX REMOVAL IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION [log10] REMOVAL IN INTERMMITENT OPERATION [log10] Filter A Filter B Filter C Filter D Filter E avg max avg max avg max avg max avg max Total Coliformes 1,12 2,58 0,88 2,00 0,83 1,67 0,79 1,84 1,01 2,26

E. coli

0,79 1,66 0,83 1,67 0,58 1,14 0,89 1,42 0,77 1,44

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04.4

TURBIDITY REMOVAL

0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 50,00 10 20 30 40 50 Turbidity (UT) Days

Filtro A Filtro B Filtro C Filtro D Filtro E Antes

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04.5

HEAD LOSS IN THE POROUS LAYERS

1,00

2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 10 20 30 40 50 i [m/m] Days i1 i2 i3 i4

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SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME 05

WE SIMULATED THE CAWST AND HYDRAID FILTERS IN PERMANENT REGIME. FOR EACH ONE WE USED:

CONVENCIONAL MODEL
MODEL WITH RING

CAWST HYDRAID

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SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME 05.1

CAWST FILTER– FLOW LINES

CONVENTIONAL WITH RING

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05.1 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME

CAWST FILTER – CUT YZ

CONVENTIONAL

[Y=0cm]

WITH RING

[Y=6cm]

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05.1 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME

CAWST FILTER – CUT XY [Z=1cm]

CONVENTIONAL WITH RING

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05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME

HYDRAID FILTER – FLOW LINES

CONVENTIONAL WITH RING

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05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME

HYDRAID FILTER – CUT YZ

CONVENTIONAL

[Y=0cm]

WITH RING

[Y=6cm]

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05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME

HYDRAID FILTER – CUT XY [Z=1cm]

CONVENTIONAL WITH RING

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06

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06.1

THREE SUPPLIES IN THE 1st ADDITIONAL CONCENTRATION OF 2g/L OF NaCl.

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06.1

(0,50)

0,50

1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00

NaCl CONCENTRATION (g/L) FILTERED VOLUME (L)

FILLED FILTERS

A (Preenchido e Contínuo) B (Preenchido e Interm.) 1ST SUPPLY. 2ND SUPPLY 3RD SUPPLY

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06.2

0,000 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 0,000 0,500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 E(θ) θ CHARACTERISTIC VOLUME Dead Volume 1,52% Slug Volume 61,53% Mixture Volume 36,95%

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06.3

0,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 0,140 0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 PEU/UEM com anel - Empírico PEU/UEM com anel - COmputacional

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06.4

0,000 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 0,000 0,500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 E(θ) Dimensionless time θ PEU UEM convencional HydrAid Conv PEU UEM anel CAWST conv CAWST conv HydrAid anel

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06.4

PEU/UEM convenc. PEU/UEM ring CAWST convenc. CAWST ring HydrAid convenc. HydrAid ring τ [min] 64,32 64,23 61,7 64,23 54,95 55,14 θmin 0,72 0,73 0,74 0,72 0,52 0,59 θmax 0,84 0,8 0,85 0,82 0,89 0,86 Dead volume 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% Slug volume 78,13% 76,42% 79,42% 77,22% 70,37% 72,69% Mixture volume 21,87% 23,58% 20,58% 22,78% 29,63% 27,31%

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CONCLUSIONS 07

IN THE EVALUATION OF THE FOUR MODELS OF PEU/UEM

FILTER THE CENTRAL AND RING OUTLETS PRESENTED BETTER RESULTS

FOR THE CAWST AND HYDRAID FILTERS THE RING

OUTLET PRESENTED BETTER RESULTS REGARDING THE FLOW LINES AND VELOCITY PROFILES.

EXPERIMENTAL FILTER ASSISTED IN THE COMPREHENSION AND DETERMINATION OF MATHEMATIC

PARAMETERS. THE TURBIDITY AND PH

PARAMETERS WERE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BRAZILIAN POTABILIZATION NORMS.

IN THIS STUDY ALL THE MATHEMATICAL SOLUTIONS

PRESENTED EQUIVALENCE FOR THE RTD CURVES.

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FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS 08

EMPIRICALLY

EVALUATE THE POTABILIZATION PARAMETERS IN THE VARIATIONS OF BIOSAND FILTERS DESIGNS .

ADD POTABILIZATION PARAMETERS IN THE VARIATIONS