Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3Rs. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3Rs. A core element of Asia- Pacific governments’ economic growth strategies

DRAFT Background paper for the 6th regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific Maldives, 16-19 August 2015, presented by Heinz Schandl

The opportunity for Asia and the Pacific

• Unprecedented growth in population and consumption coincides

with unprecedented constraints of land availability, soil quality, water, fossil fuels, metals and fertilisers supply risks

• Climate impacts, pollution and waste
• New economic context of reduced supply security and

potentially higher prices

• Defining question of this century: how can we accommodate

more people, more production and more consumption on the same planet

• Most economic opportunities will arise in resource efficiency and

waste minimization technologies, practices and infrastructure

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl 2 |

Kondratieff cycles – long waves of prosperity

• 1st cycle 1780-1830: steam engine
• 2nd cycle 1830-1880: railway, steel
• 3rd cycle 1880-1930: electrification, chemicals
• Great depression 1929
• 4th cycle 1930-1970: automobiles, petrochemicals
• First and second oil price shock 1973, 1980
• 5th cycle 1970-2010: information and communication technology
• Global Financial Crisis 2008-09
• 6th cycle 2010-onwards: environmental technology,

nanotechnology and biotechnology – 3R’s, SCP, green growth

3 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Current trends in material and energy use and emissions

4 |

• 10,000

20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 million tonnes Asia and the Pacific ROW World 3.2% 6.1% 0.3%

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Current trends in material and energy use and emissions

5 |

2.6% 5.7% 0.7%

• 100,000

200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Peta Joule Asia and the Pacific ROW World

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Current trends in material and energy use and emissions

6 |

1.8% 3.3% 0.9%

• 10,000

20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Million tonnes Asia and the Pacific ROW World

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Current trends in resource efficiency

7 |

Efficiency Gap

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Current trends in resource efficiency

8 |

Efficiency Gap

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Drivers of material use, 2000 to 2010

29% 15% 0% 15% 9% 47% 13% 34% 45% 58% 8% 21% 29% 29%

• 19%

28%

• 33%
• 18%
• 30%

26% 1%

• 75%
• 50%
• 25%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 125% Population Affluence Technological coeffcient 45% 88% 25%

• 3%

35%

• 15%

101% 43%

• 50%

0% 50% 100% 150% Africa Asia + Pacific EECCA Europe Latin America + Caribbean North America West Asia World Net Change % DMC

UNEP (forthcoming) Global Material Use and Resource Productivity

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Global and regional policy initiatives

• Post-2015 development agenda and new Sustainable

Development Goals

• Agreement of ministers and environmental authorities of their

first forum in Bangkok on priorities for Asia and the Pacific

• Group of 7 initiative for resource efficiency based on the Kobe 3R

declaration

• Process of economic integration and technical cooperation in Asia

and the Pacific

• Japan: Sound Material Cycle Society high-level policy goal
• China: Circular Economy Promotion Law

10 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Post-2015 development agenda and new Sustainable Development Goals

• GOAL 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic

growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

– 8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead

• GOAL 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production

patterns

– 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources – 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

First forum of ministers and environment authorities of Asia Pacific in Bangkok, May 2015

• The effect of climate change and disasters and increasing vulnerability of

countries in Asia and the Pacific, which will continue to impose economic losses that could offset development gains, increase poverty and threaten water and food security.

• Deteriorating health and rising costs from air, water and soil pollution due to

emissions, effluent and waste from industry, transport and agriculture.

• Threatened food, water, and energy security due to increasing population,

rapid urbanization, changes in land use and widespread pollution.

• Increasing resource use, with little improvement in resource efficiency,

causing degradation and loss of ecosystems services and additional financial burdens.

• Gaps in scientific knowledge and evidence based understanding of the causes
• f environmental degradation were adversely affecting the confidence of

policy makers in taking timely and decisive action to safeguard the common environment.

Chair summary

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Decoupling economic growth and environmental pressure/impact

Source: UNEP 2011

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

|

Decoupling – more from less

• Decoupling through maturation and structural change of the

economy

• Decoupling or recoupling through technology change
• Decoupling through outsourcing
• Decoupling through systems innovation

14 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

• Heavy industry – iron and steel, cement, and paper

industries

• Construction and housing
• Transport and mobility
• Agriculture and food
• Energy provision

15 |

Opportunities in resource and emission intensive sectors

Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

Transformative policies

• Ecological budget and tax reform
• Carbon abatement through a market mechanism (cap and trade,

carbon tax)

• Remove subsidies on primary resources
• Invest in green economy
• Consume responsibly (governments and households)

16 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

A policy agenda for achieving the SDG’s based on the 3R’s: resource efficiency and waste minimization

• Resolve the tension between economic growth and environmental

sustainability through a regional/national conversation

• Extend the mandate of the regional 3R Forum to facilitate this

conversation

• Establish a regional advisory panel of eminent scientists and

community leaders

• Promote and introduce transformative policies
• Mainstream 3R policies into sectoral policy
• Mainstream 3R policies into trade agreements and market

liberalization

17 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

… Policy agenda continued …

• Regional financing mechanisms for projects and experiments that

enhance resource efficiency – New Asian Infrastructure Bank

• Regional private–public partnerships need be promoted to

establish demonstration projects of eco-city precincts and eco- industrial parks

• Establish a knowledge-sharing platform based on a university

collaboration network

• Establish an Asia-Pacific research area to drive policy relevant

research

18 | Resource efficiency and waste minimization achieved through the 3R. s | Heinz Schandl

LAND AND WATER

Thank you

Please be in touch for any feedback you may have. Heinz Schandl heinz.schandl@csiro.au