Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Remote Sensing Data Compression Joan Serra-Sagrist` a Universitat Aut` onoma de Barcelona Joan.Serra@uab.cat Inpainting-Based Image Compression Schloss Dagstuhl, Leibniz-Zentrum f¨ ur Informatik, Deutschland November 17, 2016 This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under Grant TIN2015-71126-R, by the Catalan Government under Grant 2014SGR-691, and by the French Space Agency (CNES) under several contracts. 1 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Motivation for Still Image & Video Data Compression 2 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Motivation for Still Image & Video Data Compression Image Growth Remains Strong Daily Number of Photos Shared on Select Platforms, Global, 2005 – 2015 3,500 3,000 # of Photos Shared per Day (MM) Snapchat 2,500 Facebook Messenger (2015 only) Instagram 2,000 WhatsApp (2013 onward only) Facebook 1,500 Facebook- 1,000 owned properties 500 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: Snapchat, Company disclosed information, KPCB estimates Note: Snapchat data includes images and video. Snapchat stories are a compilation of images and video. WhatsApp data estimated based on average of photos shared disclosed in Q1:15 and Q1:16. KPCB INTERNET TRENDS 2016 | PAGE 90 Instagram data per Instagram press release. Messenger data per Facebook (~9.5B photos per month). Facebook shares ~2B photos per day across Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and WhatsApp (2015). 3 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Motivation for Still Image & Video Data Compression User-Shared Video Views on Snapchat & Facebook = Growing Fast Facebook Daily Video Views, Snapchat Daily Video Views, Global, Q3:14 – Q3:15 Global, Q4:14 – Q1:16 10 10 Video Views per Day (B) Video Views per Day (B) 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 Q3:14 Q4:14 Q1:15 Q2:15* Q3:15 Q4:14 Q1:15 Q2:15 Q3:15 Q4:15 Q1:16 Source: Facebook, Snapchat. Q2:15 Facebook video views data based on KPCB estimate. KPCB INTERNET TRENDS 2016 | PAGE 78 Facebook video views represent any video shown onscreen for >3 seconds (including autoplay). Snapchat video views counted instantaneously on load. 4 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Motivation for Still Image & Video Data Compression Generation Z (Ages 1-20) = Communicates with Images Attributes – Millennials vs. Gen Z Millennials Gen Z vs Tech Savvy: 2 screens at once Tech Innate: 5 screens at once Communicate with text Communicate with images Curators and Sharers Creators and Collaborators Now-focused Future-focused Optimists Realists Want to be discovered Want to work for success Source: “Engaging and Cultivating Millennials and Gen Z,” Denison University and Ologie, 12/14. KPCB INTERNET TRENDS 2016 | PAGE 74 Note: Gen Z defined in this report as those born after 1995. In 2016 they are ages 1-20. Note that there may be different opinions on which years each generation begins and ends. 5 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary LandSat 7, 2001 Orbit Height 705 km Operator US Geographical Survey Orbit Type sun-synchronous Repeat Cycle 16 days 6 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary LandSat 8, 14 September 2015 Operational Land Imager: 8 multispectral bands, 30 m spatial 1 panchromatic band, 15 m spatial Thermal Infrared Sensor: 2 bands, 100 m spatial 7 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary LandSat 8, 9 October 2016 Radiometric resolution: 12-bit dynamic range Delivered products: 16-bit images File size: 2 GB (uncompressed) / 1 GB (compressed) 8 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary International Space Station, 2004 Orbit Height 400 km Globe Circle 90 minutes Speed 28,000 km/h or 7.71 km/s 9 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary LandSat 5, 1984 – 2007 10 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary 1 August 2016 8 August 2016 Copernicus Sentinel 2 Orbit Height 786 km Orbit Type sun-synchronous Revisit Time 5 days 11 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Remote Sensing 12 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Remote Sensing 13 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Remote Sensing 14 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Remote Sensing Applications Based on Satellite Open Data (Landsat8 and Sentinel-2), Nuno Duro Santos, Gil Gon¸ calves Conferˆ e ncia Nacional de Geodecis˜ a o, Barreiro, 15 e 16 de maio de 2014 15 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary 16 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary 1. October 1957: Sputnik 1, first artificial satellite. Russia. 2. November 2016: 4,256 satellites in orbit. 3. November 2016: 1,419 operational satellites • ≈ 400 satellites in Low-Earth Orbit. Just a few hundred kilometers above the surface. Earth Observation. • ≈ 100 satellites in Medium-Earth Orbit. Around 20,000 kilometers up. Global Positioning. Navigation. • ≈ 750 satellites in Geostationary Orbit. Altitude of almost 36,000 kilometers. Communications. 17 / 77
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Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary EO Remote Sensing sensors capture hyperspectral images Source: ESA/Institute for Environment Solutions Source: Softpedia 21 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary On-board Limitation: Restricted Storage Capacity 22 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Chronological Evolution of EO Satellites and Sensors 23 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary On-board Limitation: Downlink Channel Capacity 24 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary On-board Limitation: Storage and Transmission 25 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Overview Motivation for Still Image & Video Data Compression Motivation for Remote Sensing Data Compression Standards for Remote Sensing Data Compression CCSDS-122.0 CCSDS-123.0 Some of our recent proposals Temporal Exploitation Regression Wavelet Analysis Inpainting-based 26 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Types of Compression: Lossless 27 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Types of Compression: Lossy 28 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems • Founded in 1982. • Major space agencies in the world. • 11 Member Agencies • 30 Observer Agencies • 14 Liaison Organizations • 99 Associates • Neither Portugal nor Spain are CCSDS Participants • More than 800 space missions. 29 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary 30 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Multispectral Hyperspectral Data Compression Working Group Lossless Lossy Near-Lossless Mono- 1997 2005 component CCSDS-121.0 CCSDS-122.0 Multi- 2012 2017 2019 component CCSDS-123.0 CCSDS-122.1 CCSDS-123.1 31 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary Multispectral Hyperspectral Data Compression Working Group Lossless Lossy Near-Lossless Mono- 1997 2005 component CCSDS-121.0 CCSDS-122.0 → Prediction → Transform → Golomb-Rice → Variable-to-Fix Multi- 2012 2017 2019 component CCSDS-123.0 CCSDS-122.1 CCSDS-123.1 → Prediction → Transform → Prediction → Golomb-Rice → Variable-to-Fix → Interleaved 32 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary • 2011. We were invited to participate in MHDC-WG. Lossless Lossy Near-Lossless Mono- CCSDS-121.0 CCSDS-122.0 component TER Software Multi- CCSDS-123.0 CCSDS-122.1 CCSDS-123.1 component EMPORDA POT technical Software Software contribution • Our TER and EMPORDA softwares are one of the only two open-source implementations available worldwide. • Our proposal Pairwise Orthogonal Transform is at the basis of CCSDS-122.1. 33 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary CCSDS-122.0. Mono-component progressive lossy-to-lossless 34 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary CCSDS-122.0. Mono-component progressive lossy-to-lossless 35 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary CCSDS-122.0. Mono-component progressive lossy-to-lossless 36 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary CCSDS-123.0. Multi-component lossless Entropy Predictor Coder mapped input compressed prediction image image residuals 37 / 77
Title Detour Motivation Standards Proposals Summary CCSDS-123.0. Multi-component lossless Entropy Predictor Coder portion of band z: A B C D E ( ) - Predict + + + E A D 4x B C local sum 38 / 77
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