Prof. M. P. Yadav Ex-Director and Vice Chancellor, IVRI Deemed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• Prof. M. P. Yadav

Ex-Director and Vice Chancellor, IVRI Deemed University, Izatnagar Ex-Vice Chancellor, SVP University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut

Indian Agriculture: Some Facts

> 17% of the world’s human and 12% livestock

population

2.3% of the world’s land 4.2% of the global water 142 ± 2 m ha cultivated land of which only 60 m ha

is irrigated

137% cropping intensity Land, water and biodiversity is fast shrinking. 52% of

population, particularly rural, earns its livelihood from agriculture

• f

which the contribution of LS is fast increasing

Livestock (LS) Plays Important Role in

Food & Nutritional Security Sustainable Agriculture Organic Farming and NRM Inclusive growth & gender equity Rural development

LS Sector (Inclusive of Poultry & Fishery)

Support overall agricultural growth Enhance National GDP/GVA & Economy Provide social security & cultural heritage Serve as moving bank for farmers More resilient to climatic shocks

Contd.

Contd.

Source of employment to 70% of rural people Contribute about 40% of agricultural GDP globally 50% or more in mountainous, arid/semi-arid regions Serve as cushion to sustain agricultural GDP Growth in LS sector was more 1.6% more than crop

sector in 1990s and 2000s

Contribute 4-5% to National GDP and about 28% to

agricultural GDP

Protein Requirement in Human Diet

60 Gram Per Person Per Day From Livestock Origin: 25 gram/Person/Day Availability is about half only Calls for doubling the production of milk, egg,

meat and fish

Milk is largest agricultural commodity in India

Produced 146.3 MT in 2014-15, 155.5 MT in 2015-16,

163.74 MT in 2016-17

Contributed 20.4% in value term to agriculture as a

whole in 2014-15

It valued more than the value of all cereal & pulse

crops combined

LS production was found to be more stable than

crop production (1980-81 to 2009-10)

Livestock for sustainable agriculture

Livestock is best Supplementary/Complementary

enterprise

Waste of one sector is used as Input by the other

sector

Low input output-based Animal Husbandry has

sustained since centuries

No suicides by Farmers keeping livestock LS, Poultry, Fishery & Horticulture best options for

sustainable agricultural growth

Livestock for Inclusive Growth

Rural Urban Disparity in Incomes Livestock Distribution is more Egalitarian than Land

Distribution

80% of Farming Families own 75% of Livestock

Resources

Livestock contribute nearly half of the income of

small holders and land less farmers

Reduction in Rural Poverty is more responsive to

growth in LS Sector than in Crop Sector

Livestock growth is Pro poor About 70% of total workers engaged in Livestock

are women

Agricultural Revolutions in Post-Independence India

Green Revolution (Wheat and Rice) White Revolution (Milk) Blue Revolution (Fish) Pink Revolution (Meat & Pulses) Role played by Technology, Innovation,, Policy

Support, Political will

Lessons Learnt (negative effect on Natural

Resources)

Stagnation of growth and net gains Need for Second Green Revolution/Ever Green

Revolution

Diversification in Agriculture

Is the need of the hour for sustainable

agriculture

In Farming System Mode with Livestock

component, viz

Dairy, Piggery, Goatery, Poultry, Duckery,

Fishery

Region and site specific combinations of cereal

crops, pulses, vegetables, mushroom etc

Livestock and Climate Change

Agriculture contributes 18% green House Gases

(GHGs)

Major part is from methane produced by Ruminants GHGs Mitigation and Production- Balanced Sheet Biotechnology & Defauntation Innovative Feeding Practices to reduce Methane

Condensed Tannins and Saponins Essential Oils Tree Leaves By Pass Protein

Livestock Population and Production

According to the 19th Livestock census (2012), the total livestock population of India is 512.05 million besides about 729.2 million poultry. Out of this population, large ruminants account for 58.56% (299.9 million) while small ruminant constitute around 39.1% (200.22 million) of the total livestock population. Pigs number 10.29 million, camels 0.40 million, equines 1.13million, dogs 11.67 million, mithun 0.29 million, yaks 0.07 million, rabbits 0.592 million and elephants 0.002 million. Livestock production and crop production are intrinsically linked, each being dependent on the other, and both are crucial for overall food and nutritional security in addition to providing employment and incomes to small and marginal farmers and landless laborers. According to estimates of the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the value of output from livestock sector at current prices is about INR 5,91,691 crore (2015-16), which is about 28.5% of the value of output from agricultural and allied

• sectors. This does not include draught animal power, dung and meat fully

and their inclusion would raise the contribution of livestock above 40 %.

Milk Production in India

from 1950-51 to 2016-17

17 20 22 31.6 53.9 80.69 128.4 134 140 146 155.5 163.74

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Million Ton Milk

Milk Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (1985-86 to 2015-16)

Top Milk Producing Countries (% of total Global Production)

India surpasses USA in 1998 to become the world largest milk producer

Growth rate in 2016-17 was 9.6%

Dairying: The Major Food Enterprise

In 1964-65 rice production was 39.3 mmt which increased to 106 mmt in the year 2016-17 The corresponding increase in milk production was from 17 mmt to 163.74 mmt. Milk group has the highest contribution to the livestock

• utput (70-73%)

In 2014-15, the value of milk and milk products was more than sum of value of wheat, rice, pulses and all other cereals.

Meat Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (2005-06 to 2015-16)

Egg Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (1985-86 to 2015-16)

Farm size in Indian Agriculture

% of total households

70% 17% 9% 4%

Marginal Small Medium Large

20.14 18.35 16.81 6.26 5.53 5.15 3.93 2.97 2.96 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT COMMODITIES IN AGRICULTURAL GDP 2014-15

16.48 16.15 25.08 4.10 4.17 5.35 4.58 2.89 3.40

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Contribution Of Different Commodities In Agricultural GDP 1999-2000

Hidden Hunger and Malnutrition in India

Despite rapid economic growth, 1/4th of world’s hungry and poor have their home in India More than 70% Indian population consume less than 50% of the RDA of micronutrient 6000 children die annually due to malnutrition or lack of micronutrients in diet 80% women of reproductive age are suffering with Fe deficiency anemia 57% women and children are suffering with vitamin A deficiency, although blindness due to vitamin A deficiency has been eliminated Iodine deficiency disorder continue to be public health problem, though prevalence of goiter has been reduced

65% 58% 90% 56% 60% 83% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Zinc Vitamin A Iron Rural Urban

Average Consumption of Micronutrients (%age of RDA)

More than 100 million children under 5 years are underweight and unable to realize their full socio-economic and human potential

41 48 33 13 12 5 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 % soil samples deficient

Micronutrient Deficiency in Indian Soils

Milk as Source of Nutritional Security

Milk accounts for 9.2% and 12.4% of protein intake in rural and urban areas, respectively Important source of Ca, Mg, P, K, Iodine, Se, Vitamin A, D, B12, K, Riboflavin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid

• 1. Calcium: Improves bone health, hypertension, colonic

anticarcinogenic

• 2. Carotenoids: anti-oxidant, vision improvement
• 3. SCFA (Butyric acid): regulation of cell growth & anti-

tumor activity

• 4. Lactose: development of brain, prebiotic
• 5. Milk and whey proteins minor components and bioactive

peptides have therapeutic values

Egg Production: Poultry production in India has taken a quantum leap in the last four decades, emerging from backyard farming practice to commercial production system with state-of-the art technological interventions Currently the total Poultry population in our country is 729.21 million (as per 19th Livestock Census) and egg production is around 82.93 billion 2015-16. The per capita availability (2015-16) is around 66 eggs per annum. The poultry meat production is estimated to be 3.26 million tones.

Export Potential From Livestock

Value Export of Livestock Products YEARS 1NR- RUPEES 1987-88 6,912 Million 1996-97 19,254 Million 2014-15 49,58,410 Million Meat Export 2009 484,00 Million 2014-15 292,891.7 Million Leather Export 1992-93 40 Million 2014-15 713,82.5 Million Total Exports from L.S Products and Related Materials 2010-11 254,090 Million 2011-12 334,170 Million (31.5% Growth) Total Value L.S Products 2015-16 591,691 INR Crores (29% OF AGRI. GDP)

India to become Developed Country

Views from Economists Two Digit GDP Requirement Agricultural GDP to Grow more than 4% Livestock, poultry, fishery GDP to grow by more

than 6%