Astrophysics and Cosmology Prof Ian Dell’Antonio Prof. Ian Dell Antonio Prof Rick Gaitskell Prof. Rick Gaitskell Prof. Greg Tucker Prof Greg Tucker Prof. Savvas Koushiappas Prof Savvas Koushiappas Observational Cosmology Astro ‐ particle Physics Observational Cosmology Theoretical Cosmology/Astrophysics Gravitational Lensing Dark Matter searches From Cosmic Microwave Background to Star Formation
Prof. Ian Dell’Antonio Observational Cosmology and Gravitational Lensing Group Currently: Dell’Antonio, 4 graduate students, 4 undergraduate students undergraduate students Close collaboration with groups at Yale, Harvard and UC Davis Former members: Gillian Wilson (associate Professor, UCRiverside) Jeff Kubo (postdoc, Fermilab) Jeff Kubo (postdoc Fermilab) Hossein Khiabanian (postdoc, Columbia) Wessyl Kelly (postdoc/technician, Pitt) Van Dao Paul Huwe Richard Cook Ryan Michney y y
Goal: We want to understand the evolution of matter and energy in the Universe. How we achieve this goal: Using optical X ray and Infrared observations of galaxies and clusters How we achieve this goal: Using optical, X ‐ ray and Infrared observations of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We aim to measure the growth of clustering and the evolution of galaxies within that clustering.
Example Graduate Student Project: New technology—the One Degree Imager at the WIYN telescope in 2012. The evolution of the cluster mass function using orthogonal transfer arrays orthogonal transfer arrays The camera/telescope combination will have the best image quality of any ground ‐ based optical imager . We are leading a program that will use 150 nights of time in 2013 ‐ 2015 to map out dark matter clustering. p g xies per sq. arcmin Seeing The increase in sensitivity will allow more clusters to be detected: best constraint on Dark Energy A parallel effort will use DECam A parallel effort will use DECam Number of gala (installed early 2012) to measure a larger area but in Exposure time less detail.
LSST camera Gravitational lensing as a tool for the study of DARK ENERGY Beyond ODI and DECam. The 2010 decadal survey highlighted that understanding Dark Energy and its equation of state is one of the critical problems in physics, let alone cosmology. Gravitational lensing is a tool to measure dark energy, and our group is positioned to contribute strongly to this effort. We are participating in the design and planning for the next generation of missions to be launched in the coming decade, such as WFIRST. We are leading the effort on gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies for LSST.
Direct Detection Dark Matter (Gaitskell) • Direct Detection of WIMPs orbit the center of the h f h galaxy • 50 billion through a h h person each second Occasionally • collides with an atom in normal matter 1/kg/month ‐ > 1/tonne/decade 7
LUX Experiment/LZ/Sanford Lab 2009 ‐ 2011 LUX 350 kg LXe (Gaitskell is DOE Spokesperson) Spokesperson) 2011 ‐ 2013 LZS 2011 2013 LZS 3 tonne LXe 2013 ‐ 2020 LZD 20 tonne LXe Dark Matter, Double Beta Decay and Solar Neutrinos and Solar Neutrinos 8
The LUX Experiment Thermosyphon Titanium Vessels PMT Holder Copper Plates Dodecagonal field cage g g + PTFE reflector panels • 350 kg LXe detector • 8m x 6m water shield • 8m x 6m water shield • 1 mile underground • 122 PMTs (2’’ round) • Low-background Ti cryostat o bac g ou d c yostat 2’’ Hamamatsu R8778 2 Hamamatsu R8778 • PTFE reflector cage Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) • Thermosyphon used for cooling (>1 kW)
The LUX Collaboration Brown XENON10, CDMS Collaboration meeting, Homestake, March 2010 Collaboration meeting, Homestake, March 2010 Richard Gaitskell PI, Professor Simon Fiorucci Research Associate M Monica Pangilinan i P ili P Postdoc td Jeremy Chapman Graduate Student Carlos Hernandez Faham Graduate Student David Malling Graduate Student James Verbus Graduate Student Case Western SNO, Borexino, XENON10, CDMS , , , Thomas Shutt PI, Professor Dan Akerib Professor Mike Dragowsky Research Associate Professor Carmen Carmona Postdoc Formed in 2007, fully funded DOE/NSF in 2008 Ken Clark Postdoc Tom Coffey Postdoc Karen Gibson Postdoc Texas A&M SD School of Mines SD School of Mines Adam Bradley Adam Bradley Graduate Student Graduate Student ZEPLIN II ZEPLIN II IceCube Patrick Phelps Graduate Student James White Professor Xinhua Bai Professor Chang Lee Graduate Student Robert Webb Professor Mark Hanardt Undergraduate Student Rachel Mannino Graduate Student LIP Coimbra Tyana Stiegler Graduate Student ZEPLIN III Clement Sofka Graduate Student University of Rochester Isabel Lopes Professor ZEPLIN II José Pinto da Cunha Assistant Professor UC Davis Frank Wolfs Professor Vladimir Solovov Vladimir Solovov Senior Researcher Senior Researcher Double Chooz, CMS Double Chooz CMS Udo Shroeder Ud Sh d Professor P f Luiz de Viveiros Postdoc Mani Tripathi Professor Wojtek Skutski Senior Scientist Alexandre Lindote Postdoc Robert Svoboda Professor Jan Toke Senior Scientist Francisco Neves Postdoc Richard Lander Professor Eryk Druszkiewicz Graduate Student Britt Hollbrook Senior Engineer Lawrence Berkeley + UC Berkeley John Thomson Engineer U. South Dakota SNO, KamLAND Matthew Szydagis Postdoc Majorana, CLEAN-DEAP Bob Jacobsen Professor Jeremy Mock Graduate Student DongMing Mei Professor Jim Siegrist Jim Siegrist Professor Professor M li d S Melinda Sweany Graduate Student G d t St d t Wengchang Xiang Postdoc Joseph Rasson Engineer Nick Walsh Graduate Student Chao Zhang Postdoc Mia ihm Grad Student Michael Woods Graduate Student Jason Spaans Graduate Student Xiaoyi Yang Graduate Student Lawrence Livermore UC Santa Barbara XENON10 CDMS Yale Adam Bernstein PI, Leader of Adv. Detectors Group Harry Nelson Professor XENON10, CLEAN-DEAP Dennis Carr Senior Engineer Dean White Dean White Engineer Engineer Daniel McKinsey Daniel McKinsey Professor Professor Kareem Kazkaz Staff Physicist Susanne Kyre Engineer James Nikkel Research Scientist Peter Sorensen Postdoc Sidney Cahn Research Scientist Alexey Lyashenko Postdoc Harvard University of Maryland BABAR, ATLAS Ethan Bernard Postdoc EXO Masahiro Morii Professor Louis Kastens Graduate Student Carter Hall Professor Michal Wlasenko Postdoc Nicole Larsen Graduate Student Douglas Leonard Postdoc
Observational Cosmology Prof. Greg Tucker Dr. Andrei Korotkov Kyle Helson Ata Karakci Former students: Matt Truch (postdoc, UPenn) Former students: Matt Truch (postdoc, UPenn) Jaiseung Kim (postdoc, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark) Jerry Vinokurov (postdoc, Carnegie Mellon University)
A Brief History of the Universe Power Spectrum of the CMB Cosmic Microwave Background g Far Infrared Background Far Infrared Background (CMB) (from the first dust enshrouded galaxies) Inflation
Measuring Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) CMB polarization probes the universe 10 ‐ 35 s after the Big Bang (the 10 35 CMB l i ti b th i ft th Bi B (th epoch of inflation). The Millimeter ‐ wave Bolometric QUBIC – QU Bolometric Interferometer for Interferometer (MBI) Cosmology will be installed at Dome C (~2013) MBI is a prototype to demonstrate the BI technique. Projects involve designing and building QUBIC, simulating performance and analyzing data
Another way to search for CMB polarization The E and B Experiment (EBEX) Next flight will be long duration from the Antarctic in 2011 1000 ft 1000 ft. New Mexico June 2009 Projects include data pipeline development and analysis
The Balloon ‐ borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) Antarctica 2006
What BLAST has done: Resolved the far infrared background (re-radiated starlight) into individual galaxies E Every bump in this map is a b i thi i galaxy GOODS ‐ S Chandra 2 Ms Chandra/VLA/FIDEL/LABOCA Reradiated Direct BGS ‐ Deep ECDF ‐ S Spitzer SWIRE Starlight Starlight
What BLAST is doing now (from the Antarctic in December 2010) How do stars form? The collapse time from a gas cloud p g ⇒ is longer than one would naively expect braking mechanism. Is braking due to magnetic fields or turbulence? BLAST will answer this by measuring the polarization of dust. A star forming region in Vela Optical map BLAST map This ~10 K cloud is the future birthplace of stars p http://blastexperiment.info
Theoretical Astrophysics/Cosmology Prof. Savvas Koushiappas Dr. Jacqueline Chen Alex Geringer-Sameth Andrew Favaloro http://www.physics.brown.edu/BTAC/Home.html
Theoretical Astrophysics/Cosmology What we do: Develop methods that help us understand the distribution of dark matter in the Universe - structure formation http://www.physics.brown.edu/BTAC/Home.html
Theoretical Astrophysics/Cosmology What we do: Develop methods that help us understand the distribution of dark matter in the Universe - structure formation Why we do it: Dark matter detection (direct, indirect) is ultimately linked to the understanding of hierarchical structure formation - the growth of primordial perturbations g p p http://www.physics.brown.edu/BTAC/Home.html
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