Presentation to 15 th Meeting of CPDAC Geosynthetics Applications in Coastal Protection New Delhi ,17 th August’ 17 Presented by Rajarshi & Deeraj
Agenda About Maccaferri Applications for Coastal protection and Ports Products & Proposed Solutions Project References International Case studies
• Established in Bologna Italy in 1879 • Gabions, as river bank protection structures, were used in 1894 for the first time; …the structure is still working today... • Maccaferri group has around 3000 employees worldwide, 1 billion USD of yearly turnover, and an industrial group working on all five continents • The ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTION business area has a yearly turnover of 200 million USD
About us OVER 100 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
GEOSYNTHETICS IN BEACH EROSION MITIGATION
Coastal Erosion Parameters The key physical parameters to identify coastal erosion as a problem are: Coastal Geomorphology: Coastline type and sensitivity to coastal processes. Wind: Wind may transfer sediment from the beach environment landward on all open coastlines. Waves: They introduce energy to the coast and also a series of currents that move sediment along the shore (longshore drift) and normal to the shore (cross-shore transport). Tides: They modulate wave action, controlling energy arriving on the coast and drive groundwater fluctuation and tidal currents. Vegetation: Important for improving slope stability, consolidating sediments and providing some shoreline protection.
Coastal Erosion Parameters Human activities that must be considered over the range of spatial and time scales are: Activities along the coast: land reclamation, port/ harbour development, Removal of dune vegetation and mangroves, other structures such as groynes and jetties typically cause erosion down-drift of the structure. Activities within river catchments/watersheds: Dam construction and river diversion cause reduction of sediment supply to the coast that contributes to coastal erosion. Onshore and offshore activities: Sand and coral mining and dredging may affect coasts. The impact of these activities will be obvious within a short period of time (one to ten years).
Geosynthetics Containment: Majorly Geotextile tubes(Geosystems) used for erosion protection, Flood prevention works.
Geosynthetics in Beach Erosion Mitigation - Historical Background
Applications on the Coast Protection Bund Breakwater Beach Formation Groin Structure Pic taken at : LNG Petronet Kochi
Applications on the Coast Replacing Inner core Layer of Groynes with Geo textile bags / tubes Recommendation of IIT Madras, Ocean Engineering Department Pic Courtesy: PILOT PROJECT IN ARATTUPUZHA ,KERALA
3. Installation Methodology Installation Methodology - Material Storage and Handling Geotextile tube stacking and storing Material unloading using Cranes 13
3. Installation Methodology Installation Methodology - Preparation of Tubes at Land Lifting of Tubes folded in Concertina style Rolling out of Geotextile tubes 14
3. Installation Methodology Installation Methodology Pipeline arrangement from slurry pump to filling area Transport of Empty Tubes into the Sea 15
3. Installation Methodology Installation Methodology Hydraulic Filling of Geotextile Tube (Underwater) Spreading of Empty Tube Underwater 16
Applications on the Port Marine mattresses are rock-filled containers constructed of high-strength geogrid Mattress lengths vary up to a recommended maximum of 35 ft. Mattress thickness is usually between 8 and 12 in. for revetment applications, but thicknesses can vary between 4 in. for bedding layers up to 24 in. for heavy- duty applications exposed to waves and currents. Assuming the stone fill has a volumetric weight of about 110 lb/cu ft, a 35- ft-long, 5-ft-wide, 1-ft-thick mattress weighs approximately 9.6 tons Applications: 1. Under layer for Rubble-Mound Structures 2. Toe Protection. 3. Pipeline and Outfall Protection. 4. Revetment Units for Low to Moderate Wave Exposure. 5. Scour Mats at Inlets 6. Scour Prevention Mats in Advance of Construction of Coastal Structures. Shore protection mattress revetment , Scour apron at Seabrook, New England 7. Structure Foundation Mats and Bedding Layers Cape May State Park Philadelphia Where Erosion Is Problematic or Foundation Soil Strength Is Poor
Applications on the Port Construction of Dykes using Gabions Length: 6.9 Km Gabion walls to retain the dredged material. Front Height : 6m Wall at the back:2m Material: Zinc+PVC coated Gabions lined with geotextile and filled with dewatered non- cohesive dredged material Tail end portion on the Nayachara Island. A Dyke structure is to be constructed with stacked Geotextile Tubes and covered with Gabion Mattress filled with Geotextile Bags towards the Estuary side . Pic Courtesy: Proposed Solution at Nayachara Island
Applications on the Port Quay wall using Gabions for mooring and berthing of vessels a)A schematic sketch of Gabion block quay wall ( 1.5m-3.0m Height) b) Reinforced gabion walls for greater heights Prefilled Gabions are placed under Quays with an open construction, where the deck is supported on piles the berthing platform replacing piles Pic Courtesy: International container Trans-shipment Terminal, Cochin Port trust. (Maccaferi- India 2009-2010)
Applications for Pipeline Protection Anchorage/ protection of pipelines using ACBM Articulated Concrete Block Mattress Rectangular unit made up of concrete blocks which can be manufactured in different thickness, joined by means of polypropylene ropes. Uses: • Designed for pipe line protection & anchorage. • Prevent scour action on pipeline reducing flow of fines. Advantages: • Materials are sea water proof - no reduction in compressive strength. • Quick Installation leads to cost savings. • Design life of minimum 25 years - no maintenance required. • Easily removable
Applications for Pipeline Protection Anchorage/ protection of pipelines using SARMAC Articulated Concrete Block Mattress The Sarmac mattress is a rectangular unit made of an external geotextile covering, filled with stones and sand asphalt mastic, internally reinforced with a steel woven wire mesh. Advantages: • Easy to transport • Permanent flexibility • Economical to store • High unit weight • Preformed shape to • Toughness • facilitate positioning Resistance to fracture • Flexible lifting loops
Applications on the Port Roads Solutions using Geosynthetics Basal reinforcement PVDs Basal reinforcement Geosynthetic Encased Stone for Piled Embankments Column/Stone Column
Potential Applications Basal Reinforcement PVDs BREAKWATER Piled Embankment Stone Column
Other Applications RE Wall : Design Completed Structure
PROJECTS
Project No -1 Project : Using Geo-Textile Tubes: • Protection Bund • Construction of Groyne • Extension of Existing Break water Client : LNG PETRO NET LTD. Construction Start Date : April 2014 Construction Completion date : January 2015 Project Brief : To provide long term solution for achieving required tranquility at the LNG Jetty, reduce siltation and protect beach from erosion.
Geotextile Tubes • Large size tubular containers filled with sand slurry on land or in water • Geotextile tubes are made of sewn geotextile material, they contain inlets on the top for attachment of pipe to allow hydraulic fill • Height of geotextile tubes vary from 1.5m to 3 m, width vary between 2m to 6m
Main Applications of Geotextile Tubes Prot otect ctio ion n Bund nd / Sea Wall
Seawall / Protection bund using Geotextile Tubes
Main Applications of Geotextile Tubes Groyne Structu ture re
Effects of Geotextile Tubes
Main Applications of Geotextile Tubes Breakw akwat ater • It is an offshore structure built along the shoreline to dissipate the wave energy and increase harbor tranquility. • The conventional rock breakwater is considered a hard structure and could pose dangers to small boats and vessels during high tides when it is fully submerged. • Geotextile tubes are alternative to these problems and also cost effective when compared to the conventional rubble mound breakwaters
Geotextile Tubes : Breakwater Structure
Effects of Geotextile Tubes Protection Bund Beach nourished due to Groin Structure
Project No -2 Project : Construction of Artificial Submerged Reef Using Geo-synthetic Tubes Client : Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) Construction Start Date : February 2015 Construction Completion date : Going On Project Brief : Mirya Bay, located on the West Coast in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra had been subjected to severe erosion and consequently accretion. In order to mitigate the problem of erosion, Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) has proposed the construction of a Multipurpose Submerged Geotextile Reef at the Northern shoreline of Mirya Bay by installing sand filled Geotextile containers on the sea bed under water.
Submerged Reefs • Submerged reefs are offshore structures build parallel to the shoreline. • The main function of submerged reef is to dissipate the wave energy reaching the shoreline
Submerged Reefs using Geotextile Tubes
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