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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312057027 PRESENTATION: Cultural Resources on the Pine Ridge Reservation Presentation October 2015 CITATIONS READS 0 61 1 author:

SLIDE 1 See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312057027

PRESENTATION: Cultural Resources on the Pine Ridge Reservation

Presentation · October 2015

CITATIONS READS

1 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Radiation detection on the Pine Ridge Reservation, southwestern South Dakota View project Constructivism in STEM at Oglala Lakota College (Pine Ridge Reservation), southwestern South Dakota View project Hannan LaGarry Council for Responsible Mining

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CULTURAL RESOURCES ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION

Hannan E. LaGarry

Department of Math, Science, & Technology, Oglala Lakota College

SLIDE 3

CULTURAL RESOURCES

Because of traditional beliefs about the interconnectedness of all living (and once living) things, and because in most cases these objects are buried in the Earth, on the Pine Ridge Reservation Cultural Resources include:

FOSSILS ARTIFACTS HUMAN REMAINS HISTORICAL PLACES

(Catches Enemy & others 2011)

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PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS

FOSSILS

paleontologists, paleobiologists, zooarcheologists

ARTIFACTS

archeologists

HUMAN REMAINS

physical anthropologists, paleoanthropologists

HISTORICAL PLACES

historians, ethnographers, anthropologists All rely on the scientific method = gathering of evidence

SLIDE 5

WHY STUDY FOSSILS AND ARTIFACTS ?

**one example for each** Fossil evidence shows that 99% of past life on Earth has gone extinct for one reason or another Archeological evidence shows that thousands of past civilizations and cultures have collapsed and disappeared What about us?

SLIDE 6

OUTLINE

WHY HERE ? COMMON, TYPICAL, AND RARE FOSSILS IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY OVERVIEW OF ROCKS, FOSSILS, ARTIFACTS

SLIDE 7

It all began 40 Ma with volcanoes ...

Larson & Evanoff (1998)

WHY HERE ?

SLIDE 8

VOLCANIC ASH

Larson & Evanoff (1998)

PRR

SLIDE 9

Badlands area near Red Shirt, Pine Ridge Reservation

VOLCANIC GLASS = ABUNDANT FOSSILS

38 - 90% volcanic ash

SLIDE 10

Pine Ridge Escarpment near Ft. Robinson, Nebraska

18 - 35% volcanic ash

SLIDE 11

Pine Ridge Reservation

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COMMON FOSSILS

PHYTOLITHS

Internal supports for plants, ranging from silt to sand-sized, making up as much of 3% of some rocks

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TYPICAL FOSSILS

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RARE FOSSILS

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RARE FOSSILS

Oligocene rhinoceros tracks Oligocene bird tracks OGLALA NATIONAL GRASSLANDS, NEBRASKA

SLIDE 16

ARTIFACTS ARE CONSIDERED RARE BECAUSE MOST SITES ARE UNIQUE, ONE-TIME OCCURRENCES

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Pierre Shale (Cretaceous) Chamberlain Pass Chadron Brule Rosebud (Eocene-Oligocene) Arikaree Group Ogallala Group (Miocene-Pliocene)

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Greenhorn Fm., Niobrara Chalk, Pierre Shale (Cretaceous Period)

www.geology.wisc.edu

SLIDE 19

Chamberlain Pass and Chadron formations (Eocene Epoch)

www.cbs.dtu.dk

Chamberlain Pass Fm. Big Cottonwood Ck. Mbr. Chadron – Ahearn Mbr.

SLIDE 20

Brule and Rosebud formations, and lower Arikaree Group (Oligocene)

www.cbs.dtu.dk

Brule Fm. Rosebud Fm. Lower Arikaree Group

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Middle and upper Arikaree Group and Ogallala Group (Miocene)

www.cbs.dtu.dk

Arikaree – Harrison Fm. Ogallala – Patton Ck. beds Ogallala - Whiteclay gravel

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Unnamed high river terraces, valley fills, and dunes (Pleistocene)

www.cbs.dtu.dk

Hall & Gordon (2010) Hudson-Meng (USFS-NNF) Bison antiquus

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Unnamed middle and lower river terraces, dunes, and valley fills (Holocene)

www/furniture detective.com

Sand Creek Flora Sand Creek (Pit) Hearth Site

10 mi south of casino looking west

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IMPORTANT POINTS

KNOW WHO STUDIES WHAT, AND WHY FOSSILS RANGE FROM COMMON TO VERY RARE ALL ARTIFACTS ARE CONSIDERED RARE CERTAIN ROCKS PRESERVE CERTAIN FOSSILS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

National Science Foundation Oglala Sioux Tribe President’s Office Oglala Sioux Tribe Land Office OST Natural Resources Regulation Agency OST Tribal Historical preservation Office Oglala Sioux Parks & Recreation Authority Badlands National Park South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

St. Cloud State University

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